name
Melnik Olga Aleksandrovna
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
associated professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
• Kuban State Agrarian University
Research interests
Web site url
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Articles count: 2
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INFLUENCE OF COMPLEX COMPOSTS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionDuring the last century, in the biosphere occur expressed processes of soil degradation due to anthropogenic influence, which seriously change of top layer of soil. The agricultural landscape is allocated of noticeable accumulation of various wastes at expense of growing of food crops and grazing of farm animals, as well as due to mineral wastes generated in process production of building materials and fertilizers from natural raw. According to physical and chemical characteristics of wastes of plant origin and natural-raw wastes constitute a non-toxic highly dispersed connection with an admixture of different undecomposed organic and mineral substances. Specificity of physical state is determined there of high dispersion, which is represented by system particles of colloidal substances distributed in various environments. Colloids of natural-raw wastes are characterized by a low rate of diffusion; do not penetrate finely porous membrane of cell structures, different very nonequilibrium insolubility and specific chemical composition. For example, phosphogypsum is characterized by high concentration of sulfur and calcium, and trace amounts of entire table of D.I. Mendeleev. Organic wastes are made by variety of chemical compounds and high concentration of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and other organic substances
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Description
The results of scientific investigations in specifying environmental and faunal composition of soil invertebrates at agricultural landscapes of steppe zone of the Krasnodar region are presented this article. Observed territory is represented with four main classes of animals: Insecta (insects), Crustacea (cancroid), Myriapoda (myriapod), Olygochaeta (worms with small bristles). Those animals were the subject of further descriptions of territory. Some peculiarities and regularities of quantity and taxonomic compound of mesofauna, depending on technological methods that are being used for cultivation of agricultural crops in experimental farming JSC “Zavety Il’icha” of the Leningrad district, are considered. The observed area is mostly populated with soil inhabitants (68,7%) that include such families as Geophilomorpha (geofila), Lithobiomorpha (drupes), Julidae (millipede), Enchytraeidae, Lumbricidae (earth worms). It was found that the use of complex compost (as an alternate method of cultivating the winter wheat and the sugar beet) has a positive impact on a biological activity of ordinary chernozem. The introduction of complex compost optimized the ecological state of agrolandscape system, which is associated with activation of biophilic elements at upper soil layer. An upgrade of soil structure, water-holding capacity and agrochemical properties creates enabling environment for the vital activity of invertebrates and for their trophic cooperation with the habitats