№ 105(1), January, 2015
Public date: 30.01.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 64, 130 kb
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the studies that were conducted in 2011-2014 agricultural years in the experimental rotation hospital departments of Agriculture and Agricultural Chemistry, located in the Experimental Station of Stavropol State Agrarian University. The hospital is part of a geographical network experiments with fertilizers and registered in the register of long experience certificates of GeoNetwork VNIIA of the Russian Federation. We have presented an influence of systems of fertilizers and tillage practices on yield, indicators of the structure and quality characteristics of winter wheat of Zustrich varieties grown after pea predecessor in a stationary experience of Stavropol GAU. The influence of fertilization systems built on different principles on the productivity of winter wheat after pea predecessor in the area of unstable moistening was studied. The article has practical significance, since on the basis of the research we have found experimental evidences to recommend a cash-balance method for determining fertilization rates for the construction of the settlement system of fertilizers, to assure maximum efficiency and provide a level of skill programming yield 90-100%. We have also offered low-cost bio- fertilizers in crop rotation system, based on the efficient use of organic fertilizers, local application of minimal doses of mineral fertilizers
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Description
The purpose of examining the roadside agrocenosis in the Aksai district of the Rostov region was a comparative assessment of the ecological condition of ordinary black soil and agricultural products grown in the technologically transformed conditions. The evaluation of agro-forestry factor impact on refraining toxic substances from the techno-genesis road source was also of interest. The study was expected to determine the actual and potential content of copper, zinc and lead in the ordinary black earth, as well as to evaluate the accumulation level of the investigated elements in the winter wheat grain. The potential reserve of investigated elements in ordinary chernozem (or black soil) is several times higher than the potency of the current content. Distribution of the results of the actual and potential reserve determination demonstrated the transfer of gas-dust emissions beyond the forest belt where the production crops are grown. At the remoteness point of 10 meters away from the road beyond the forest belt minimal amounts of actual and potential element content were found. At a distance of 50 - 100 m there was found a significant excess content of copper, zinc and lead. Repeated studies conducted 20 years later, identified the lead content in winter wheat grain exceeding the MPC. The results obtained have demonstrated the lack of agro-forestry effect in refraining gas and dust emissions by the road forest belt
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Description
In recent years, Russia has paid great attention to the theoretical and practical aspects of conservation. Since electric drives consume about 70% of electrici-ty generated, the most substantial savings achieved by using variable speed drives AC and DC. In this article, for the positional DC drive with speed-dependent resistance torque we have developed three energy-saving diagrams for large movements: with a speed limit of the drive; restricted maximum current anchor chain and speed electric motor; restricted maximum and minimum values of the current anchor chain of the motor and the speed of the drive. We have developed software to determine the parameters of energy saving diagrams for large movements of the executive body of the electric DC depending on the speed torque resistance. For the considered energy saving diagrams, which provide large movement of the executive body of the electric DC, depending on the speed of the moment of resistance, it is necessary to provide the following condition – the maximum speed of the executive body of the drive must be equal to the maximum allowable speed value. We have also defined analytical dependences, allowing calculating the consumption of the electric power drive by moving its executive body, in accordance with the proposed diagrams. Realization of the developed positional control DC motor with speed-dependent torque resistance will lead to energy savings
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents three-year data on the influence of different fertilization systems and predecessors (corn for silage and peas) of winter wheat in the rotation on the dynamics of content in the 0-20 cm layer of black leached soil of mineral nitrogen, of available phosphorus, of potassium, and yield of winter wheat. The materials presented in this article indicate that, regardless of its predecessor in all phases of plant development, the under study fertilizer systems significantly increased the content of mineral nitrogen on the indicators of natural agrochemical background on 1,1-29,3 mg/kg; maximum contents was registered in the settlement system of fertilizer. After a seeded fallow predecessor the fertilizer systems significantly increased the content of available phosphorus in the soil at 1,5-16,6 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium in the 6-57 mg/kg. The maximum indices of both indicators were observed in the settlement system of fertilizer. Analyzed fertilizer systems contributed to a significant increase in wheat yield relatively to control 0,82-2,24 t/ha on a busy couple 0,74-1,6 t/ha for maize silage, 1,44-2,42 t/ha peas. Maximum productivity of winter wheat in the experiment was fixed at the fertilizer system after a busy couple, and was 6,19 t/ha
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SOME PROBLEMS OF SOCIALECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT IN MODERN ECONOMY
DescriptionClassical economic textbooks assume that the effect of a particular company on the environment is infinitely small, in particular, that resources required for an industrial firm are available, and it's only the price to be paid for their involvement. For a large corporation, the situation is quite different. It converts the environment by means of its activity. Objectively existing resource limits are become important. The effects are increased when we consider the economy as a whole thing. Therefore, we have the obvious need for careful consideration of management problems in the real process of interaction between the economy, society and environment. This article is devoted to some approaches to this consideration. We have demonstrated that the economy is the servant of society. In all the economical developed countries in the twentieth century the role of the state in the economy has been increased in 3-5 times. We have discussed the influence of the modern ecological situation on the economy and management. In particular, we predict the end of private enterprise in the classical meaning. We examined the social-ecological aspects of management of the state and personnel of the firm. Discussion of Russian problems we begin with an analysis of the dynamics of the main economic and demographic indicators of Russia, including the total fertility rate in Russia. The system of scenarios of population projections for the period up to 2050 shows the inevitability of significant reduction in the Russian population (in the absence of intensive management actions). We describe two basic scenarios of solving socio-ecological conflicts
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionGreat practical and theoretical interest comes with a study of the transformation of calcium agrobiogeochemical in agro-ecosystems. The basis of the stability of the soil, as an element of the structure and functioning of the biosphere, constitutes historically approved biochemical cycles and flows of matter and energy, which remain unchanged under anthropogenic impact. Comparative analysis of the total content of calcium leached black soil allowed us to establish its decline after three rotations of grain and grass-tilled crop rotation. Without the use of fertilizers its reduction from baseline was 5.25% in the layer 0-20 cm and 3.87% in the 20-40 cm layer, with their introduction - 9.14 and 9.35%, respectively. This trend suggests a decrease in calcium reserves in the root zone of leached black soil in its agricultural use; this process is more active when using mineral fertilizers. This is obviously due to a large outflow of elements in the fertilizer background with harvest crops, and partly due to the influence of mineral fertilizers as chemical reagents on mineral soils, resulting in the release of calcium and moving it into the lower soil horizons. Along with the total content of calcium and its forms, we have analyzed the activity of calcium ions and calcium potential
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Description
The subjects of the study are the foundations of buildings with a high center of gravity, in particular, the foundations of high-rise buildings with developed upper floors due to the large consoles. From a set of loads, transferred to the high-rise building with a high center of gravity, we can highlight the most significant impacts, affecting the distribution of forces in the elements of the foundation. We reveal the factors playing a special role in the choice of design solutions for the foundations. The practical significance of this research is due to the demand for ground areas in the cities which are being developed, although they were previously considered unsuitable for construction. Today, one of the primary tasks for engineers and architects is increasing technical and economic performance of construction projects and meeting customers' requirements in the individual architecture. As a variant of increasing technical and economic performance of buildings in dense city building conditions is to use the arm structures in their design solutions that both low-rise and high-rise building can achieve the architectural attractiveness of the building and significantly increase the usable floor area. In the research, two types of the foundations were projected for the object which is an eight-apartment building in the ground conditions of Sochi. The analysis was carried out with such software as PC ING +. After receiving the results of numerical analyses we performed a comparative analysis of pile-slab and slab foundation with the seismicity of the construction site. Therefore, we have identified the most rational of two types of foundations
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionA number of information and semantic models has been developed using artificial intelligence system AIDOS-X. The similarity between the movement of the elements of the lunar orbit and the dynamics of the instantaneous pole of the Earth, as well as violations of the global atmospheric circulation and water, leading to the emergence of episodes of El Niño and La Niña are justified. We have explored a possibility of semantic information models equatorial regions of the Pacific for prediction of global climatic disturbances in the tropical latitudes. We made a forecast about breaking of global ocean circulation, or the occurrence of El Niño episode of the classical type in 2015
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REVISITING THE RICE SALT RESISTANCE (REVIEW)
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe total area of saline soils of rice irrigation systems in the Kuban region reaches almost 80 thousands hectares. Salinization and alkalinization here become a limiting factor for cultivating rice and companion crops. In this regard, the tolerance of plants to soil salinity is a current problem of plant breeding that attracts the attention of many agricultural researchers whereas it is necessary to increase the yield in saline soils. Salt tolerance of crop plants is defined by a combination of properties which are based on the specific adaptation mechanisms. These mechanisms differ in nature and are associated with different levels of structural organization of the plant – from molecular to organismic one. The study of adaptation mechanisms at different levels of structural organization of plants is very important for increasing yield in saline soils. This article is a review giving a detailed analysis of plant salt tolerance research, particularly rice, which addresses the issues of inhibition of plant growth under saline conditions, the mechanisms of salt tolerance, the achievements and development of this branch of scientific research, as well as the application results of work found in the scientific literature
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Description
In the article we have considered theories of the policy analysis based on the quantitative measurements of the efficiency (productivity) of any economic policy direction. The question of the need of law formulation of the effective and ineffective management and bureaucracy is substantiated. We have given the components of the financial policy and stated the approaches to increasing their efficiency. The contradictions in the use of a conceptual framework of the analysis of the policies in the modern Russian legislation are revealed. The ratio of the terms of “politician” and “state regulation of the economy” is presented. It is also defined, that the discrepancy of the measures of the economic policy is a consequence of the lack of the united methodology of the macroeconomic regulation. The generalization of the world practice of the economy state regulation allows us to systematize the directions of the economic policy two components demanded in the practice – the formation of the common economic space and the solution of the narrower tasks within 6 main approaches: financial, branch, territorial, functional, typological and program and target. The integrated approach to the policy analysis focuses on the observance in the political activity in Russia of the requirements of the efficiency examination of the all making administrative cycles of the macroeconomic development from a goal-setting to an assessment of the received results, but not their selective analysis