№ 105(1), January, 2015
Public date: 30.01.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 64, 130 kb
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Description
The article proposes the updated model of the influence of logs length onto a size of wooden chips produced with the use of a disk chipper. This article focuses on the fact that the length of any of the logs in the process of chipping is reduced. For this reason at the final stage of chipping, any of the logs with a standard initial length of 1.2 m inevitably transform into short logs, for which the conditions of chipping are significantly different from the chipping conditions at the start of chipping. The task of accounting for these changes is reduced to finding a solution of the transcendental equation. The results of numerical simulation indicate a progressing decreasing trend in the bevel angle and increasing in the length of the particles of wood chips with decreasing of logs length. Adequacy of the modeling results confirmed by laboratory tests and production experiment. Measuring linear and angular dimensions of chip real particles showed that the particles of such length may be equal to 7 cm, which is 3.5 times larger than the standard length of 2 cm. The angle of the bevel of the cutting plane of the particle may be 14º, which is approximately three times less of standard value equal 39º- 43º. We also discuss the comparison with the approximate solution, which was published in 2012 year. The article can be useful for specialists of wood-preparatory cycle in the paper industry
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USE OF CRIOPROTECTORS IN THE BAKING SECTOR
DescriptionThe main component of food pyramid is bakery products. Consumers of bakery products offer fresh bakery in any time of day, in wide assortment, produced by traditional way and possessing the beneficial properties, hypoallergenic and mainly tasty. In Russia, there is an intensive development of the new technologies, which are based on the freezing of semi-finished bakery. There was considered a possibility of pectin use with a new purpose as a crioprotector in the article. On the first stage of the researches there was a work on study of the influence of different crioprotectors on rheology of dough, dough water-absorbing ability, change of formation time and dough stability at addition of crioprotectors, change of valometric assessment of dough at addition of crioprotectors. There was an analysis of the index of “flour power”. On the results of the research, there was calculated the optimal dose of pectin introduction. There was studied the influence of different crioprotectors on structure of frozen by-products. There were cited the microphotos of frozen yeast dough. There was revealed that the best indexes of a quality of ready bread was reached at use of EMP microwave frequency of defrosting dough by-products taking into account energy expenses there was chosen the rational way of baking. There was worked out the technological scheme of bread production from frozen by-products with pectin as a crioprotector
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ANALYSIS OF BY-PRODUCTS MARKET IN RUSSIA
DescriptionChanging style of life, its rhythm and tendencies dictate their own conditions. The deficit of time makes us economize it on all, including the time for cooking. Among the main trends of the domestic meat market - switching consumers from frozen meat products to fresh cooled products. In connection with it the amount of consumers of meat semi-finished products grows. In the work there was considered the results of research of the Russian market of by-products. The market of frozen meat by-products is actively developed in large cities, where it has its own production. The participants of the market state that consumers have started to buy more frozen by-products by weight and the analysis of meat by-products assortment in retailing trade for 2014 testifies it. Trying to fasten their positions, operators of the market not only develop the production powers but work out new products and the analysis of dynamics of production volumes of meat by-products and shares of federal districts – producers of meat by-products testify it. The main players in this segment see the future market for complex, receipt, combined products and ready dishes that will lead to change of structure of meat semi-finished products sales
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TECHNOLOGIES OF SMOKED SAUSAGE PRODUCTION WITH THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS
DescriptionActivation of starter cultures in cold smoked sausage production is one of the most significant technological approaches which allows speeding up fermentation and decreasing the time for air drying of cold smoked sausages. During the research and experimental findings it is confirmed that the activation of starter cultures can be reached by using electromagnetic treatment. There were presented the results of approbation of technologies of intensification of summer sausages with the application of electromagnetic treatment with low frequencies of start cultures and raw meat in the work. There were cited the results and the substantiation of working out of device for electromagnetic processing. There were determined the optimal frequencies and time for destruction and intensification of microflora growth. In the result of carried out researches there was proven that the electromagnetic processing influences the functional-technological properties and microbiological seeding of raw meat. There were cited the results of researches of influence of processed by electromagnetic field start cultures the functional-technological properties of model stuffing. On the results of researches there was carried out the approbation of offered technology in the course of which the pH, mass share of moisture and microbiological seeding of sausages are tracked. In accordance with reports of probationary center of JSC “Meat factory “Tikhoretskiy”, experimental line of summer sausages corresponds on physical-chemical, microbiological, toxicological, organoleptic indexes, terms of validity TC 9213-006-00422020-2002. Ready product was subjected the organoleptic assessment of specialists of JSC “Meat factory “Tikhoretskiy”
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Description
In recent years, Russia has paid great attention to the theoretical and practical aspects of conservation. Since electric drives consume about 70% of electrici-ty generated, the most substantial savings achieved by using variable speed drives AC and DC. In this article, for the positional DC drive with speed-dependent resistance torque we have developed three energy-saving diagrams for large movements: with a speed limit of the drive; restricted maximum current anchor chain and speed electric motor; restricted maximum and minimum values of the current anchor chain of the motor and the speed of the drive. We have developed software to determine the parameters of energy saving diagrams for large movements of the executive body of the electric DC depending on the speed torque resistance. For the considered energy saving diagrams, which provide large movement of the executive body of the electric DC, depending on the speed of the moment of resistance, it is necessary to provide the following condition – the maximum speed of the executive body of the drive must be equal to the maximum allowable speed value. We have also defined analytical dependences, allowing calculating the consumption of the electric power drive by moving its executive body, in accordance with the proposed diagrams. Realization of the developed positional control DC motor with speed-dependent torque resistance will lead to energy savings
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the studies that were conducted in 2011-2014 agricultural years in the experimental rotation hospital departments of Agriculture and Agricultural Chemistry, located in the Experimental Station of Stavropol State Agrarian University. The hospital is part of a geographical network experiments with fertilizers and registered in the register of long experience certificates of GeoNetwork VNIIA of the Russian Federation. We have presented an influence of systems of fertilizers and tillage practices on yield, indicators of the structure and quality characteristics of winter wheat of Zustrich varieties grown after pea predecessor in a stationary experience of Stavropol GAU. The influence of fertilization systems built on different principles on the productivity of winter wheat after pea predecessor in the area of unstable moistening was studied. The article has practical significance, since on the basis of the research we have found experimental evidences to recommend a cash-balance method for determining fertilization rates for the construction of the settlement system of fertilizers, to assure maximum efficiency and provide a level of skill programming yield 90-100%. We have also offered low-cost bio- fertilizers in crop rotation system, based on the efficient use of organic fertilizers, local application of minimal doses of mineral fertilizers
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis article describes the results of programming of a yield of winter wheat grain on quality and productivity of winter wheat in the conditions of teaching and experimental farm of Stavropol upland. There were given the weather conditions during the research, their influence on the formation of the structure yield and quality of winter wheat. We have presented an analysis and a comparative evaluation of the structure of the winter wheat crop, including a variety of quantitative traits: the length of the stem and ear, number of grains per ear, mass of one ear, weight of 1000 grains, tillering and overall productivity yields. This scientific article describes the technical requirements to the content: protein, gluten, vitreous, the DCO, the class of grain. In general, the results of 4-year data on leached black soils of Stavropol Upland were the largest and the best indicators on the structure of winter wheat yield and grain quality, as they were obtained with the introduction of the planned dose N126R80K72 harvest of 6.0 t/ha according to the method of calculation by V.V. Ageev, planned yield levels 5.0 and 6.0 t / ha have been achieved, the accuracy of programming (99%) was obtained by calculating the doses of fertilizers by the method of V. V. Ageev
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THE LEGACY OF THE CREATORS OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article shows the role of famous scientists, academician Ivan T. Trubilin and professor Viktor V. Eroshkin in the organization of agricultural science in our region who have shown outstanding leaders of the largest agricultural University in the country, managed to organize and direct the work of a large group on the improvement of quality of preparation of specialists of agriculture, the solution of urgent scientific problems of the agroindustrial complex development. Under the leadership of the rector Ivan Trubilin, the science in the Kuban State Agrarian University (KubSAU ) has risen to a new level. The research was conducted on the plan of scientific-research work of University, Federal and regional scientific and technical programs. In their implementation, there were involved professors, teachers, researchers, doctoral students, post-graduate students. His scientific works and research on the development of scientific problems to improve economic efficiency and organizational forms of agricultural production are being continued and developed by the scientists of KubSAU. For many years, V. Eroshkin as a brilliant scientist worked together with academician I. Trubilin like his companion and the assistant in science. He has published more than 100 scientific works. The most important ones were: "Economic efficiency of oilseeds cultivation ", "Oilseeds in virgin areas", "Сalculation of crops acreage on the bases of perspective plan for the development of collective farms", "Principles of labor scientific organization", "Intensive tractors use and lowering work technical cost in collective farms". Under his leadership, dozens of dissertations were approved. His lectures were always marked with originality and accessibility and his ideas were easily perceived by students. All who knew and worked together with academician I. Trubilin and professor V. Eroshkin, will always remain these dedicated scientists, who were strictly following the principles of academic science
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INFLUENCE OF FEEDING AND LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT ON DEVELOPMENT OF HOLSTEIN CATTLE GENETIC POTENTIAL
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis research reviews an analysis of several problems of milk production process as well as fast methods of dairy cows' health control widely used in the countries of high-level dairy breeding. The results of milk analysis via test stripes reveal that about 30% of cows during transition period - phases transit 2 and 1st phase of lactation - have clinical and subclinical ketosis marks what comes as one of the reasons of cow's low productivity. Evaluation of cows' fatness evidence that only 46,4% of tested animals have normal fatness according to the appropriate lactation period, whereas other animals have too high fatness index and only very small part - 1% have extremely low fatness index. Cows' obesity leads in future to ketosis and disturbance in metabolism. The research also revealed nonconformities in boxes size, they do not satisfy requirements of comfortable Holstein cows handling. The article provides recommendations on implementation of tested methods based on survey in order to suggest the ways of milk production efficiency increase
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionGreat practical and theoretical interest comes with a study of the transformation of calcium agrobiogeochemical in agro-ecosystems. The basis of the stability of the soil, as an element of the structure and functioning of the biosphere, constitutes historically approved biochemical cycles and flows of matter and energy, which remain unchanged under anthropogenic impact. Comparative analysis of the total content of calcium leached black soil allowed us to establish its decline after three rotations of grain and grass-tilled crop rotation. Without the use of fertilizers its reduction from baseline was 5.25% in the layer 0-20 cm and 3.87% in the 20-40 cm layer, with their introduction - 9.14 and 9.35%, respectively. This trend suggests a decrease in calcium reserves in the root zone of leached black soil in its agricultural use; this process is more active when using mineral fertilizers. This is obviously due to a large outflow of elements in the fertilizer background with harvest crops, and partly due to the influence of mineral fertilizers as chemical reagents on mineral soils, resulting in the release of calcium and moving it into the lower soil horizons. Along with the total content of calcium and its forms, we have analyzed the activity of calcium ions and calcium potential