№ 105(1), January, 2015
Public date: 30.01.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 64, 130 kb
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Description
This article substantiates the importance of the development of the Far Eastern Federal District for economic growth and security of the country in terms of changes in the macroeconomic environment, as well as discloses the potential of this Russian Federation subject (huge reserves of natural resources, rich industrial base, trapping, reindeer herding, fishing, neighborhood with the Asia-Pacific region) and specifies the problems hindering its development (harsh climate, distance from the center of Russia, poor transport links, low population density). We have also presented a complex of government measures implemented to enhance the investment activity in the macro-region, including The essence of the federal target program, which determines the Far Eastern strategy of public policy, given the indicators and targets of its effectiveness. We presented and analyzed the actual data on the main indicators characterizing the volume, structure and orientation of foreign investment in the economy of the Far Eastern Federal District, designated by reason of their inefficiency and propose measures needed to create a competitive economy subject (to improve the economic and social integration of the population of the eastern regions of Russia with the rest of it; to invest in the restoration and creation of manufacturing industry enterprises; to reduce energy, transport, telecommunication tariffs; to develop mutually beneficial public-private partnership)
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THEORY OF SOCIAL MOTIVATION AS TOOL TO INCREASE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE IN SUB-SAHARAN COMPANIES
DescriptionThis article is about the theory of social motivation as a tool to increase social performance in Sub Saharan countries. So in the first part we will retell the theoretical understanding of motivation and its limits and then the explanation of the concept of social motivation as an alternative to complete the existing and old form of motivation. The second part of the article will talk about social performance and how to measure it. Several techniques are available for measuring performance of an employee. But the difference is in the sources of traits or qualities to be appraised. Jobs are different and have different requirements and different opinion of the management too. The practice is difficult sometime because of different kinds of workers (factory workers, executives or salespeople), which cannot be measured with the same indicators all the time. In this article we will see some theoretical and practical models of performance appraisal based on effectiveness and efficiency at work with concrete indicators. Also the readers will understand how social motivation, when well used in a company can increase the performance and transform the work place into a livelihood place for all stakeholders. And the article will end with the conclusion in which we have a piece of advice and literature references
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LINGUISTIC DETERMINISM, CUMULATIVE EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
DescriptionThe main purpose of this study is to examine how language and its historically inherited content and structure allows accumulating knowledge and determines the development of the individuals, culture and science. The article shows the theoretical drawbacks of modern "pragmatic turn" in which language is depicted only as a derivate of natural, cultural and cognitive systems. Instead, it is stated that language, in addition to all of the above, have to be considered also as a relatively independent basis and one of the causes that determine individual and social development. For that reason, the study examines the system nature of language, thought and culture, their environmental and social "embeddiness", a close relationship with other sign systems and with various forms of social activities. From that point, theoretical reduction of multiple relations and varying causes in complex ecological and social systems only to bilateral relations of language-thought, language-culture are revised. Particular attention is paid to the role of language in the accumulation and systematization of scientific knowledge and the transmission of cultural traditions. In that context, language is seen as part of the non-genetic inheritance systems, "social a priori" that determines the content and creates conditions for cumulative social evolution. Therefore, it is maintained that the comprehensive studies of language and its significance for culture and science have to embrace within a systems approach both the linguistic and pragmatic "turns"
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ORIGIN, EVOLUTION AND DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN NATURE
DescriptionThe article considers current trends and unsolved problems in studies of the origin and evolution of communication in nature. Distinctive features of natural language, its biological, cognitive and sociocultural foundations are revised from the perspectives of new findings in this field. The article also investigates the main characteristics of primal and basic forms of "communication" (e.g. in bacteria and plants). It is argued that to them are more applicable non-representational models of communication, because they are not based on the representation of meanings or the processes of cognition and interpretation. On the example of the acoustic signals of birds and primates it is shown that they have such linguistic features as referentiality, plasticity and sociocultural heritability. Discovery of the faculty, for instance in some species of birds, for a "semantically compositional communication" ("semantic compositionality"), reveals also the presence of the "protosyntax" in animal communication. Considered studies enable to bring together features of communication in nature and natural language and to see the evolution of communication as the more gradualistic process than previously thought. Nevertheless, it is emphasized that there is a need for the development in the modern studies the socio-cultural approaches to communication that take into account the non-genetic inheritance system and the cumulative nature of culture
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FEATURES OF LOAN COMMITMENTS IN FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS
DescriptionThe article has examined the legal nature of borrowings. The author carries out a comparative legal analysis of debt obligations in comparison with the obligations arising from the contract of bank deposit, bank account agreement, loan agreement, factoring agreement, the insurance contract, the contract of storage. On the basis of a comparative research of the obligations arising from the loan agreement with the other financial liabilities we have determined the state of borrowings in the financial obligations. The author proves the general nature of the obligation of the loan in relation to other financial obligations. A contract of loan for the purpose of its subject and obligations arising from it is much closer to the lease contract and the loan, rather than to the same insurance contract or bank deposit. Borrowings are different from financial obligations only by the fact that its objects are things that contain generic characteristics, interchangeable and not individually defined, as it is in the case of contracts of property employment and loans. An important difference between the loan agreements from other financial instruments is the fact that in the loan agreement the property is transferred to the ownership and not in the possession and use of the borrower
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THE UNITY OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC INTEREST IN PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
DescriptionThe article pays particular attention to the classification of members of PPP and their legal status. Proceeding from the classification, determined by the authors, the peculiarities of each type of members' legal status are pointed out. The authors have marked and analyzed the possibility of this or that legal subject to participate in public-private partnership. For each of the types of entities of public-private partnership the authors have given the characteristic of legal status. Features of the legal status have also been the subject of the analysis made by the authors. Certain aspects of the legal status of individuals involved in such a relationship were also considered. Considerable interest has caused the authors ratio of private and public interests of the participants of such relations. The authors have given a detailed analysis of particular interest in the implementation of business by the subjects of the partnership. The authors note that entrepreneurial activity, which combines private and public interests, is not only beneficial to each participant. In such cases, the subjects of entrepreneurial activity are social. The authors note that the State seeks to provide a normative framework for the subjects was profitable to engage in entrepreneurial relationship with the state or state agencies
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CORPORATE LAW IN RUSSIA: THE INFLUENCE OF "OUTSIDE"
DescriptionThe article is focused on questions of the legal status of new organizational forms - investment partnership and economic partnership. In this regard, the author examines the issues related to the influence of the doctrine of economic analysis of law on the Russian corporate law. The author notes that the creation of new types of entities should be based on the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Creation of certain types of legal entities by the adoption of special laws is invalid. In the United States, the prevailing doctrine is the economic analysis of law. Therefore, the creation of new types of legal entities is quite simplified and is subject to the said doctrine. In Russia, the main business and civil relations is the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the creation of new types of legal entities must comply with its provisions. The author notes that creation of an investment partnership, as well as economic partnership, are new to the Russian law enforcement. Analysis of their legal status allows us to say that their design is unknown to the provisions of the Russian corporate law. The author notes that the legal status of these types of legal entities can not be called successful. Therefore, the author suggests subordinating any relationship involving commercial entities to the Civil Code
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COMMERCIAL LEGAL ENTITIES ACCORDING TO THE RENEWED CIVIL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
DescriptionThe article is focused on the question of reforming Russian public and private companies’ law and the various problems that accompany the reform of civil law. So it is noted that the Civil Code still maintain the existing division of legal persons for commercial and non-commercial, but offered no new legal entities. This is largely due to the fact that the legislator seeks only to remove the gaps. The author notes the lack of commitment of the legislator to offer promising models of commercial legal entities. However, the author notes that the elimination of errors only available legislation is not enough. For completeness of legal regulation it requires a new approach to the reform of civil law. We require the same approach for entrepreneurs as well. These subjects of civil and business relations need new models of business. Creating new models should be a subject to certain logic of their construction. The entire list of models of commercial legal entities must be built on the principle of scale. That is, each model of commercial entity must be subordinated to this principle on the basis of their economic importance
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ANGLO-SAXON LEGAL FAMILY: GENESIS, MAIN FEATURES AND THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCES
DescriptionThe process of Anglo-Saxon law system development has been considered in the article. The main sources of Anglo-Saxon law have been analyzed and the interrelation of law and judicial precedent has been taken up
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Description
The article shows that in new and the newest time in Germany and France the normative element of legal system has been formed, basic features of which are the same for both countries. At the same time the author indicates to differences in normative element of legal systems of Germany and France. There were considered the specificity of national legal systems of Italy and Spain