№ 107(3), March, 2015
Public date: 31.03.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 114, 263 kb
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents materials on comparative study of the nutritional value of chickpeas and peas which are widespread in the arid zone of the Southern Urals. The scheme of the scientific and economic experiments involved the assessment of yield formation of chickpeas and peas during the vegetation. The study showed that different varieties of chickpea and pea have considerable difference in the content of nutrients. The amount of crude protein in the pea grain ranged from 25.1 to 26.8%, and chickpea – 21.7 - 22.9%. With regard to the fat, its highest concentration was in chickpea grain - 3.63%, on average, which is 1.16% higher than on average in the pea grain. The chemical composition of the pea and chickpea grain of different varieties points to differences in their composition and homogeneity within the culture. Basing on the study, we recommend to sow chickpea and pea grain in the middle of May to obtain the highest yield, this, in turn, has a positive effect on the nutritional value of the crops. When selecting plants for cultivation in the conditions of the Southern Urals, it is preferable to choose the variety of Madonna pea, which has a higher potential for yield than the chickpea variety Krasnokutsky-123. It has been experimentally found that chickpea grain has better moisture-retaining power in a bound condition during the vegetation period as compared to the relevant characteristics of pea grain, which is a positive drought-resistant value of crop. In structural elements of the harvest the peas showed the trend of the highest rates in comparison with the corresponding elements in chickpeas
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SOVIET POSTERS IN PROMOTING AGRONOMIC KNOWLEDGE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
We attempt to combine professional agronomic knowledge with familiarity with graphic art presented in the form of a poster in the paper. The term "poster" is considered a large loose-leaf edition, combines visual and typographic elements and execute graphic communications. The main idea of the poster is to convey the information to the reader quickly and accurately. In the study of the material we have formed complex scientific and educational resources on the history of agricultural science, including the history of the popularization of agronomic knowledge. In our work, the poster is treated as an object of analysis, as the material of social and cultural analysis and as a tool to gather information on the development of agronomic knowledge through their visualization. In the course "History and methodology of scientific agronomy" one of the competencies of students is familiarity with the methodology popularization of agronomic knowledge, understanding of what is happening. In this regard, an attempt was made to consider the Soviet poster as a source of information on the development of scientific agriculture in the period from 1917 to 1980. The aim was to analyze the main events of this period, elements of the technology of agricultural production, species and varietal diversity of crops, as well as various events in the agricultural sector. The article considers four basic types of posters: promotional, political, instructional, scientific and educational. Each of these types of posters performs its function. The poster covered all stages of agrarian sector of the country, was a historical reflection of the Soviet period and always remained mobile, online and popular art form. Today, his role is small, because it has changed the ways of presenting information. However, its historical role unchanged, he has served as the Foundation of the modern advertising industry, including agronomic knowledge
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A POSTCARD AS A RESOURCE OF INFORMATION ON THE HISTORY OF AGRONOMY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
he article discusses postcards with images related to agro-botanic illustration, the possibility of their use as an information resource in the process of the study course on the history of agriculture. We have given the extensive understanding of agro-botanic illustrations, reviewed the goals and objectives of this type of image. History of agriculture in postcards considered on three types of images: art (reproduction and original) and documentary (photo). For each type of images we have illustrative examples with brief comments. The review is presented with a combined collection covering different countries of the world. The article contains examples of postcards with brief comments. It presents an overview of the collection of postcards from different countries, and an analysis of the examples from the series named "Giant vegetables at the farm" and "Apple family". Thus, the images presented on postcards allow us to obtain the following information: the orientation of the agricultural sector areas (main activities: crop production, livestock, horticulture, viticulture, vegetable growing, etc.); Botanical characteristics of crops (agro-botanic illustration; illustration of certain types of technologies of cultivation of crops (cleaning, plant care, plowing, irrigation); documentary image separate record harvests; historical and cultural traditions associated with the agricultural sector, or in separate areas; the promotion of new crops, varieties, and hybrids of agricultural plants and flower crops; information about crops grown in the region, state, specific areas; paintings covering the agricultural labor of a particular country; promotion of local flora; develops observation; teaches us to think and analyze the information
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CHICK PEAS EFFICIENCY IN HENS FEEDING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
This article presents the results of the chick peas use instead of sunflower cake, in feeding young and adult livestock hens-layers of the cross "Hajseks brown". The researches were carried out in the JSC "Agrofirm Vostok" of the Nikolayevskiy district in the Volgograd region. The sunflower cake replacement with legumes - chickpeas as the part of the experimental animal fodder for young and adult livestock hens-layers had a positive influence on productivity, physiological state of the birds, product quality and economic performance. Chick peas’ use in young hens feeding improves live weight at 1.03-4.68%, egg production in 0.99-4.7%, the average weight in 0.99-3.75% and eggs quality indicators. Morphological and biochemical indices in experimental young hens and laying hens in all the groups were within the physiological range, indicating normally occurring redox processes in the body of a bird. However, the chick peas’ application in fodder for experimental young hens and laying hens contributed to the increase of total protein, calcium, phosphorus content in serum compared with counterparts in the control group that received sunflower cake. As the researches result, the economic effect in the experimental groups was 833.01-3821.87 rubles
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CHICK PEAS INFLUENCE ON POULTRY’S NUTRITIONAL ELEMENTS DIGESTIBILITY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
This article presents the results of the chickpea effect in feeding young and adult laying hens of "Hajseks brown" cross on their productivity and nutrient digestibility of feed. Studies have been conducted on the JSC "Agro-firm Vostok" in Nikolayevsky district of the Volgograd region. Complete or partial replacement of sunflower oil cake by chickpeas as part of feed for the experimental pullet hens improves nutrient digestibility coefficients compared with the control pullet group. The balance of nitrogen was positive in all groups, the use of nitrogen taken from guinea pullets was higher than in the control group at 0, 27-0,74%. Use of chickpea in the composition of feed for laying hens increases the digestibility coefficients of nutrients: dry matter - to 1,17-3,25%, organic matter - to 1,62-3,37% crude protein - to 0,45-1, 77%, crude fiber - to 0,72-1,05%; crude fat - to 0,35-1,55%, compared with chickens, hens in the control group. The use of nitrogen from the digested was1,37-2,13% higher in the experimental groups compared to analogs of the control group. The use of calcium and phosphorus for the formation of eggs was also higher in the experimental groups
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FODDER AMINOACID COMPOSITION COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The right balance of essential amino acids and protein is the main condition for the optimization of weight gain, feed conversion and high profits. In VGC "Megamix" the quality of different types of raw full-fat soy, wheat, corn, meat and bone meal and fish was assessed on the content of amino acids on the IR analyzer of FOSSNIR Systems company. Amino acid content in the feed does not always match the average standards of reference. So in the reference data content of methionine, threonine and phenylalanine in wheat, indicated 0.23%, 0.43% and 0.64% respectively, and studied in the laboratory of VGC "Megamix", respectively, 0.24%, 0.45% and 0 73%, that is 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.09% higher of tabular values. The lysine content of the wheat to be investigated in a laboratory and provided in the averaged data was on the same level. Thus, the calculation of the recipes should be carried out taking into account not tabulated values but the actual, which will reduce the so-called "safety stock" to get food of consistent quality and reduce the cost of the cost of animal feed, which in turn affects the economic efficiency of livestock production
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BIOCHEMISTRY OF SOME PERSPECTIVE TABLE GRAPES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article contains results of the study of biochemistry of some perspective table grape varieties: Aniuta, Vodograi, Nizina and Jubilee Novocherkasska, yield in 2013 from the Central zone of Krasnodar region. At the time of redy yield the combination of sweetness and acidity of fruits were favorable. The ratio of fructose to glucose was 1.69; 1.36; 2.00; 1.13, respectively, in grapes Aniuta, Vodograi, Nisina, Jubilee Novocherkasska. According to the percentage of fructose in fruit juice varieties Aniuta, Vodograi and Jubilee Novocherkasska close to each other (50.93; 56.14; 51.23%). According to the percentage of glucose similar varieties Aniuta and Nizina (33 - 34.27%), Vodograi and Jubilee Novocherkasska (41.16 - 45.22%). Sort Jubilee Novocherkasska, had content in berries close fructose and glucose. Most of fructose (66.02%) in berries variety Nizina. In berries studied cultivars organic acid content was: wine 3128 - 3861, malic 982 - 3753, citric 109 - 317, amber 3 - 115 mg / dm3. The highest concentrations of potassium and sodium cations are presented in berries varieties Aniuta: potassium - 1219 sodium - 35.13 mg / dm3 and cations magnesium and calcium in berries Jubilee Novocherkasska 46.75 and 73.64 mg / dm3. The lowest concentration of potassium and sodium cations observed in grape Vodograi, magnesium - from grape Aniuta, calcium - at grape Nizina. We studied grape bunches are large, not dense, beautiful, berries are large, harmonious taste. Tasting score fresh grapes varieties Aniuta, Vodograi, Nizina, Jubilee Novocherkasska 7.6; 7.4; 7.8; 7.8 points respectively
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AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN GERMANY’S ECONOMIC STRATEGY IN 1942-1943
Description
The article explores shift of emphasis in the Third Reich policy in the North Caucasus when agricultural resources of the region became the main object of economic exploitation and one of the most important source of Germany's food supply. Firstly the author shows the place the North Caucasus had in agriculture of the Soviet Union on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. Despite a relatively small area and population, the region played an important role in the production of wheat, corn, sunflower, meat and other products. It is emphasized that the region was of special interest to Germany primarily for its oil fields which allowed solving the fuel problems. But with the failure of Hitler’s "oil plans" the agricultural products became the most important revenue source for the German economy in the North Caucasus in 1942-1943. The author shows that for stable agricultural exploitation the occupation regime not only refused the collective farms’ accelerated elimination but also adapted them to harvesting crops and saving huge livestock. Using the pro-Nazi newspapers and archival documents, the author reveals the occupier’s methodology of action and propaganda by local supporters of the regime for a timely crops harvest. In conclusion, the results of agrarian policy of Germany in the North Caucasus are shown. This article is intended for specialists in the field of history and economics as well as a wide range of readers
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BULGARIANS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE KUBAN COSSACKS IN THE LATE OF XVIII - THE EARLY OF XX CENTURIES
Description
The study of the Russian-Slavic cultural, political and economic links is quite actual nowadays. At the turn of 18 – 20 centuries Russia was the only independent Slavic state that was a reason of special attention of foreign countries. The most intensive contacts in Slavic world can be found on a regional level. Both pre-revolutional and modern scientists actively explore such aspects as resettlement of Bulgarians to the Kuban, places of their compact location, main activities and further destiny of its members. There is a detailed specification of colonization of Bulagarian landowners from 18 until the beginning of 20 century in the article, based on the archive documents. Also described moments of first appearing of Bulgarians on the Russian territory and particularly in the Kuban. The article is focused on the main stages of economic familiarization and adaptation of settlers to the natural and social features of new locations. The conditions and forms of vital activities in labor, lifestyle, sociopolitical and cultural life that are typical for their social relations are marked in the article. There is also noted that main occupation of Bulgarian settlers was horticulture, where they achieved greatest successes thanks to mastery of artificial irrigation using a special mechanism for that (a big wheel with attached vessels); Hothouse economy, that allowed them to produce thermophilic crops; organization of teams, that assumed collective labor, labor relations and mutual support. To sum up, Bulgarian settlers harmoniously fitted into socio-cultural area of the Kuban region
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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
Description
In this article we have performed a dynamic analysis of the system development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from the perspective of the study of sustainability of this system, the transition from one state of sustainable development to another in the context of the cycle phases of the system development of SMEs. The development cycle of the SME system is a set of successive stages: post-crisis, including phase reactions to the crisis and the birth of a new cycle of development; growth; pre-crisis. Dynamic analysis allowed the authors to allocate for each stage of system development SME time lag its onset and duration. Research of a sustainable development of system of SMEs is performed on the following groups of indicators: quantitative (number of the entities, number of workers, amount/turnover of products, investment), high-quality (percent of SMEs working in system to total number occupied in economy, a share of amount/turnover of products of SMEs in the GRP of the Russian Federation, specific weight of the profitable entities in total number of the entities, a labor productivity) and performance indicators (profitability of products, receipt in the budget). The analysis results confirmed opinion of authors on different reaction of small enterprises and medium scale enterprises on crisis conditions which are expressed in fast reaction of the first and inertial – the second. Dynamic analysis allowed revealing the features of the development of individual small and medium enterprises and their systems that may be used as the basis for predicting further development of SMEs in Russia
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