№ 113(9), November, 2015
Public date: 30.11.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 119, 266 kb
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionStudies were conducted on pure-bred pigs CT and DM-1. An analysis of variance of economically useful signs and interior indicators pigs using dietary supplements "Vita selenium" and "Jerusalem artichoke"
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThere was given a review of the results of the study in the conditions of sufficient moisture of Central Ciscaucasia, the influence of planting terms and presowing seed treatment by the drug called "TMTDplus", containing Krezatsin growth stimulator in its composition, on the development of corn hybrids of different maturity groups of the selection of Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko (Ross 199, Ross 299, Krasnodar 382 and Krasnodar 410) and the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn (Mashuk 170, Newton, RIC 345 and Eric), as well as middle- maturity population Rossiyskaya 1. The studies were conducted in accordance with the thematic plan of scientific researches of the chair of crop and forage production of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. The soil surface of the experimental station of StavrGAU was presented as leached black soil. The technology of growing of maize on the experimental plot corresponds to the standard one for the present area and cultivar. The predecessor is winter wheat. Sowing was performed in three terms. The first (early) sowing term was carried out at t = + 7 ... +8 ° C. The second (recommended) - when t = + 10 ... + 12 ° C. The third (later) sowing time was carried out at t = +15 ° C. The plant density: early-maturing hybrids – 70 thousand pieces/ha, is mid-maturing ones – 60 thousand pieces/ha, middleripe – 50 thousand piece/ha, middle-later ones – 45 thousand pieces/ha. The scheme is single-row, with spacing of 70 cm. The application of the studied drug TMTD-plus helped to reduce the growing season of maize plants for one - four days. Thus, changing the sowing terms of maize hybrids and populations, we can largely control the development of plants changing the length of the growing season to two weeks and form a harvesting conveyor, thereby reducing the intensity of field work
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PROTECTION OF INNOVATIVE PROCESSES AGAINST THREAT OF EMERGENCE OF RISKS
DescriptionThis article is devoted to protection of innovative processes against threat of emergence of risks. Innovative processes need to be realized in the conditions of high confidentiality, safety of industrial samples, new technology, and documentation. Conditions of risks of various physical nature, reliability of work of the scientific and production stuff are defined
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Description
The article presents historical information about the stages of gradual transformation of the first non-large wine-making institution of Crimea, organized in 1828 under the initiative of Prince M.S. Vorontsov in the natural boundary called Magarach near the Imperial Nikitsky botanical garden in the world famous Institute of Grape and Wine "Magarach" - once the chief coordinator of the research work in the field of viticulture and winemaking republics of the USSR and the main forge of scientific staff in this direction. Among the directors of the institute of the last century, there were such talented organizers as A.G. Globa, T.G. Kataryan, P.Y. Golodriga. The Institute operated a network of regional branches, created enotec with a settled in 1836 wine Muscat pink Magarach (World rarity is reflected in the Guinness book of records), the world ampelographic collection (fourth in number of samples), scientists developed area-standard assortment for production, issued 11 Volumes of "Ampelography of USSR" (awarded by OIV), designed a lot of outstanding for yield and stability varieties (Pervenets Magaracha, Ranniy Magaracha, Citron Magaracha et al.) and clones (Muscat white of Red Stone, Pinot Noir yields and others.) grapes. There was a significant contribution in the sphere of research and development of viticulture and winemaking of world, the institute was given an international prestige and this led to establishing the base of the General Assembly of the OIV - International Organization of Grape and Wine, the International Symposium on the selection of wine-town, several international wine tasting competitions and International finest examples of table grapes
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Description
The article shows that for the essential oil industry of the Russian Federation to solve the problems of import substitution it is urgent to develop effective technology to extract fatty oil from the crushed and deprived of ether by water vapor coriander fruits. The existing technologies for obtaining fatty oils from deprived of ether coriander were considered. It is shown, that at small-scale enterprises it is most advisable to remove fatty oil by screw pressing. A brief analysis of main factors affecting the completeness of oil extraction in screw presses was carried out. The conclusion about the necessity of preparation of deprived of ether coriander for extraction with the purpose of increasing the yield of fatty oil was made. It is shown, that one of the stages of such preparation is the removal of part of the shell from deprived of ether coriander, which also increases the nutritional value of the oilcake. Fractional composition of deprived of ether coriander after extraction of essential oil by water vapour and drying was investigated by sieve analysis method. On the basis of obtained data, prior to separating the shell by pneumatic separation, it is recommended to separate deprived of ether coriander into three fractions by size – coarse (riddling from the sieve with the diameter of 1.8 mm), medium (riddling from the sieve with the diameter of 1 mm) and fine (undersize from a sieve with a diameter of 1 mm). Component composition of the coarse fraction of deprived of ether coriander was studied. It was found, that the content of the shell in this fraction is 36%, which indicates the possibility of its effective separation by pneumatic separation
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INTEGRATED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
DescriptionThis article is devoted to consideration of questions of agro-industrial integration. Agro-industrial complex is a difficult dynamic system, including different branches of a national economy. In this work, the scheme of agro-enterprise functioning is submitted. The scheme was constructed with use of so-called “black box” model. The agro-enterprise significantly differs from the enterprises of other branches by a number of signs of. It is connected with the fact that agricultural production is characterized by high degree of uncertainty. Tasks of the uncertainty analysis, and, as a result, different risks of the agroenterprises are actual. Development of the effective mechanism of risk management is also an important task. In this article, the features of risk classification in agroindustrial complex, including the specific risks, are considered. The agroenterprises actively use integration mechanisms for decrease of possible consequences of a risk event. There are vertical and horizontal integration. Structures of the integrated agro-industrial production systems, which construct taking into account vertical and horizontal communications, are considered in this article. The most effective is vertically matrix integration in which the diversification mechanism of business is considered. The feasibility of the risk assessment with due regard for integration communications is proved
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THE USE OF MOLECULAR BREEDING METHODS RESISTANCE TO NET BLOTCH OF BARLEY (REVIEW)
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn recent years, due to the increasing aridity there was an increase in the frequency of epiphytoties leaf disease of barley. Therefore, we can see now how greatly increased the need for the creation of resistant grades. Introduction of the selection marker will significantly speed up the breeding process for resistance to pathogens. Employees of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection recommended three genes - Rpt 1b, Rpt 5, Rpt 6 to control the resistance to the pathogen Pyrenophora teres for use in breeding programs in the North Caucasus. Rpt 5 gene is one of the most efficient one, because it determines the resistance to the eight isolates of the fungus Pyrenophora teres of different origin. In 2011, Australian scientists have discovered microsatellite markers called Bmag0173 and HVM74, closely linked to the gene Rpt5, which are used very effectively in order to marker-assisted selection of resistant grades in Australia and Canada. Due to the urgency of creating new genotypes carrying resistance genes to net blotch, that would be effective in the Southern Federal Region, the staff of All-Russian Scientific-research institute of Grain Crops after I.G. Kalinenko and the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant after N.I. Vavilov has developed a practical strategy for the use of molecular techniques to create barley grades resistant to this pathogen, which is being successfully implemented
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INFLUENCE LECITHIN AND RADIAMULS SORB 2345K ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CHOCOLATE MASS
DescriptionLecithin and sorbitol tristearate (Radiamuls Sorb 2345K) are the emulsifiers used in the manufacture of chocolate products. The effects of various blends of lecithin and Radiamuls Sorb 2345K when added in concentrations up to 14 g / kg on the rheological properties of molten dark and milk chocolate were determined by rotational rheometry. The results show that regardless of the total amount of emulsifier, yield strength, both dark and milk chocolate most effectively reduced by applying a mixture of approximately 30% lecithin and 70% RADIAMULS SORB 2345K. Regardless of the concentration of the emulsifier proportion RADIAMULS SORB 2345K in the mixture can be reduced to 25% without a significant increase in equilibrium viscosity milk chocolate. With respect to the total emulsifier dosage in the range of 4 to 6 g / kg, the lowest values were found for the viscosity of the mixture letsitin- Radiamuls Sorb 2345K 50:50 for dark chocolate and milk chocolate to 75-25, respectively. when using the mixture of lecithin-SORB RADIAMULS 2345K there are various possibilities for adjusting the rheological properties of chocolate, confectionery coatings and fillers on fat basis. The results obtained show that the confectionery mass flow can easily be adapted to the specific processing needs, thereby improving product quality and production efficiency increases
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USE OF NEUTRALIZED PHOSPHOGYPSUM AS A MULTICOMPONENT FERTILIZER FOR RICE CROPS. MESSAGE 1
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionOver the past 15 years due to removal with crops of rice crop rotation, as well as with field waste and seepage water content of mobile forms of boron in soils of rice irrigation systems in the Krasnodar region decreased by 10 %, cobalt by 14 %, manganese by 10 %, copper by 7 %, molybdenum by 15 % zinc by 6 %. Impoverishment of soil with calcium and sulfur is observable. Need of using micronutrients for this crop is also determined by lowering mobility of most microelements in flooded soils. Partly this problem can be solved by use of neutralized phosphogypsum – waste product of wet-process phosphoric acid. With its application in dose of 1 t/ha, field receives 265 kg of Ca, 215 kg of S (general) 20 kg of P2O5 and 9.8 kg of SiO2, so it compensates for the loss of calcium from the rice soil, as well as solves the problem of sulfur, silicon and partly phosphorus fertilizers. Data showing possibility of use of neutralized phosphogypsum as multicomponent fertilizer for rice crops are given. Phosphogypsum reduces sparseness of rice plants in ontogeny, thus forming a dense agrocenosis: plant density is 24-25 pcs./m2 that is higher than on application of N120P80K60. Plants with such agricultural background by their height and leaf area did not differ from control ones (N120P80K60), and their dry weight was higher by 2-6 %. With fertilizer system N120P80K60 application of 4 t/ha of phosphogypsum during main fertilizer treatment provides the same level of phosphorus content in the soil and plants, as application of 100 kg/ha of ammophos. Rice yield increases by 0,57 t/ha or 8,98 %. Yield growth is the result of increasing survival capacity of plants, seed setting of panicle and weight of grain per plant
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USE OF NEUTRALIZED PHOSPHOGYPSUM AS MULTICOMPONENT FERTILIZER FOR RICE CROPS. MESSAGE II
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article shows a possibility of using neutralized phosphogypsum as multicomponent fertilizer for rice crops. In the system of rice fertilization replace of 150kg/ha of ammophos during main application with 40 kg/ha of carbamide and 4 tons/ha of phosphogypsum applied in spring provides the same content of available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil and plants as with application of N120P80K60. Application of phosphogypsum in spring before sowing is less effective than application in autumn before plowing. When applicating phosphogypsum in spring 2013 with a rate of 4 t / ha the obtained yield was 0.57 t / ha or 8.98% higher than in the control, and in 2014 it was not different from that obtained with the application of solid mineral fertilizers with a rate of N120P80K60. With autumn application of phosphogypsum increase in yield in 2014 was 0.98 t / ha or 12.6%. Yield growth is the result of increasing the survival of plants, grain content in panicle and grain weight per plant. Use of neutralized phosphogypsum is economically feasible. Relative benefits of using phosphogypsum instead of phosphorus fertilizer (ammonium phosphate) on rice crops in the Federal State Unitary Enterprise SRSF "Krasnoarmeyskiy" named after A.I.Maystrenko, Krasnoarmeyskiy district of Krasnodar region at the optimal rate amounted to 13139.7 rubles per 1 ha