№ 113(9), November, 2015
Public date: 30.11.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 119, 266 kb
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FEATURES OF KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY IN RUSSIA: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Description
The article identifies the main problems of the knowledge market of modern Russia. The term of "knowledge economy" was clarified. We have also identified characteristic features, specifics, as well as we have proposed the ways of its development
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INTEGRATED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Description
This article is devoted to consideration of questions of agro-industrial integration. Agro-industrial complex is a difficult dynamic system, including different branches of a national economy. In this work, the scheme of agro-enterprise functioning is submitted. The scheme was constructed with use of so-called “black box” model. The agro-enterprise significantly differs from the enterprises of other branches by a number of signs of. It is connected with the fact that agricultural production is characterized by high degree of uncertainty. Tasks of the uncertainty analysis, and, as a result, different risks of the agroenterprises are actual. Development of the effective mechanism of risk management is also an important task. In this article, the features of risk classification in agroindustrial complex, including the specific risks, are considered. The agroenterprises actively use integration mechanisms for decrease of possible consequences of a risk event. There are vertical and horizontal integration. Structures of the integrated agro-industrial production systems, which construct taking into account vertical and horizontal communications, are considered in this article. The most effective is vertically matrix integration in which the diversification mechanism of business is considered. The feasibility of the risk assessment with due regard for integration communications is proved
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Description
In this article, the general structure of technologically complete production chain of the integrated production system of agroindustrial complex was considered. Three different variants of creation of the production chains are described. The main distinctions in activity of chains consist in a source of raw materials. Any technologically full vertical chain includes three stages – production of raw materials, storage and processing, realization. Each of stages is characterized by different situations of the risk. Stages of process of functioning of a production chain were considered in this article. Also, the qualitative analysis of risk for all stages is made and the results of this analysis are considered. Results of this analysis became a basis for improvement of stream model for determination of efficiency of the technological chain taking into account a risk component. In the article, the algorithm of an assessment of efficiency of the technological chain of the integrated production system taking into account a risk component at the stage of creation of a material stream is also described
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Description
It is highlighted, that the development of measures for the selection of the optimal model of urban public transport organization in Magadan requires an objective evaluation of factors of its surroundings and evaluation of the degree of their influence on municipal transport infrastructure in general. It was revealed, that urgent measures for solving problems of integrated management from the direction of municipal government are required. As a result, the principal trends of public transport development in a northern town are determined, and some recommendations on improving public transport management efficiency from the direction of local authorities are given
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THE IMPACT OF LARGE INVESTMENT PROJECTS ON THE LEVEL OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SAFETY OF REGIONS
Description
Recently, our country has become the venue for a number of large-scale worldwide events, the so-called megaprojects (e.g. APEC Summit in Vladivostok in 2012, the World summer Universiade in Kazan-2013, 2014 Winter Olympics of Sochi, the FIFA World Cup in 2018), the preparation and conduct of which include implementation of projects for the establishment of appropriate facilities and infrastructure. The impact of the preparation and holding of such large investment projects is diverse and multifaceted on all spheres of life of the host region. This article is devoted to the analysis of influence of the XXII Olympic Games on the level of social and economic security of the city of Sochi and Krasnodar region. In addition to traditional in national and foreign scientific literature analysis of dynamics of basic macroeconomic indicators as the important characteristics of the efficiency and competitiveness of the regional economy, in the article are studied the indicators and causes of changes in the investment climate and business activity. Special attention is paid to small business in connection with the place and the role in the local economies recreation and tourism specialization
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SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA AS A PERSPECTIVE OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE
Description
Everyone knows the up-to-date state of the Russian economy that has arisen due to the foreign influence. The result is financial and economic crisis that began in 2014. This article discusses a strategy to fight the crisis with the help of small business development as the most important sector of the economy. Small business naturally is very vulnerable, and a businessperson faces with many challenges even in the first stages of development of the business. Therefore, they need support from the state, and we have described its kinds in this article. The relevance of this work is indisputable, as in Russia small business is only currently able to get due attention, although the sprouts were planted far in the past. It is the small business has great potential for playing a significant role in maintaining the stability of the socio-economic development of society, due to its characteristics, namely: easy to operate; quick adaptability to market changes; slight start-up capital for his business and many others. It is important to say, that small and medium-sized companies play a significant role in employment, in production of certain goods and in research and production developments
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HISTORY OF EVALUATION IN RUSSIAN ACCOUNTING
Description
The assessment and calculation of objects of accounting is important for obtaining objective information on an economic and financial position of the organization. Requirements imposed to an assessment reveal: the assessment of all objects of accounting has to be real and uniform. It is specified obligation of an assessment of objects of accounting in monetary value – in rubles of the Russian Federation. At the solution of a question of assessment methods in modern conditions, it is necessary to know how these issues were resolved earlier. In this article, we have considered historical aspects of an assessment in accounting in Russia. The points of view of various scientists on questions of an assessment and accounting are given. It is specified, that in Russia, the development of the state and monastic farm was an incitement to development of accounting. Thus in trade at the accounting of goods the account method on each party with the cost scheme of registration of the facts of economic life prevailed. It is noted, that at that time most of accountants adhered to the principle of an assessment at prime cost. The special attention is paid to the development of the agricultural account. The points of view of unigrafists and digrafists on problems of an assessment and calculation are considered. Discussion concerning an assessment and revaluation of fixed assets is shown. The criticism of an assessment on labor units and other natural measuring instruments is presented. We have also substantiated the need of an assessment of biological assets at fair value locates
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HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF EVALUATION IN ACCOUNTING
Description
The assessment of objects of accounting is important for obtaining objective information on an economic and financial position of the organization. At the solution of a question of assessment methods in modern conditions, it is necessary to know how these issues were resolved earlier. In this article, we consider historical aspects of an assessment in accounting. The retrospective of the solution of this question is given, beginning from the XIII century in various countries – Italy, France, Great Britain, Germany, Holland, the USA, etc. Various points of view on assessment questions are considered. It is specified, that with the advent of a monetary assessment there was a double record. Types of estimates are considered: at the acquisition price (historical), at the sale (market) price, at prime cost, at recovery cost, at the reproduction price, a multiple assessment (for each asset of balance to use the base of an assessment), at fair value. Their positive and negative sides are given. The option of an assessment and revaluation of assets in the conditions of inflation with need to correct the wholesale prices of an inflation index is reflected. The main historical stages of development of an assessment – naturalistic, origin and distribution of a monetary assessment, distribution of market and historical estimates, development of variety of estimates, an assessment regulation, and association of various estimates in the category of “fair value” are formulated
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APPLICATION OF INDICATORS BUSINESS PROCESSES FOR ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT
Description
The formation of a system of indicators for assessing the performance of the business processes of the enterprise is one of the most actual and modern directions of increase of efficiency of activity of the enterprise. The system of indicators should be developed in accordance with the specifics of company's activity, its strategic goals and available resources. Consideration of the process of developing a system of indicators of business processes on a specific example of an industrial enterprise allows not only to evaluate the operation of departments in terms of running processes, but also to develop a list of measures to improve the efficiency of functions execution of business processes. The work presents theoretical information, the development of a system of indicators of business processes within the selected areas using this method of process optimization. The initial stage of the work on the development and evaluation of a system of indicators of business processes was made by enterprise characteristics, description of its organizational structure and core activities. The article considers the indicators of process, product and satisfaction of customers in terms of cost, time and technical performance. For example, the business process that best reflects the specifics of the enterprise, the process of developing a system of indicators and presented conclusions, and developed recommendations and actions for the application of the system of indicators of business processes
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Description
In this article, in accordance with the methodology of the Automated system-cognitive analysis (ASCanalysis), we examine the implementation of the 1st and 2nd stages of ASC-analysis: cognitive structuring and formalization of the subject area. At the stage of cognitive structurization of subject area, researchers decide what to consider as the object of modeling, the factors affecting it and the results of their actions. In accordance with the results of the cognitive structurization, we prepare the initial database for the study (training sample or case-based reasoning). At the stage of formalization of the subject area, the base of the original data is being normalized, i.e., we develop classification and description: the scale and graduations and with their use the base of the source data is being encoded. The result is a database of events (eventological database) and the training sample. The stage of cognitive structuring and preparation of the source data is not formalized and the formalization of the subject area is fully automated and performed directly with the use of the universal cognitive analytical system named "Eidos", which is a software Toolkit for ASC-analysis. Stages of cognitive structurization and formalization of the subject area of ASC-analysis are the first steps of data conversion into information and into knowledge. Subsequent steps: the synthesis and verification of system-cognitive model, the decision of problems of identification, forecasting and decision making, as well as studies of the modeled object by studying its model will be considered in future articles
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