№ 114(10), December, 2015
Public date: 30.12.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 111, 292 kb
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
Description
The article by continues the cycle of their studies related to the formulation and development of methods of constructing non-negative solutions of inverse problems of balance models (in this case, the model of world trade). Method of constructing nonnegative solutions of the studied inverse problems is developed. This technique is based on the following scheme of the solution. Initially we convinced of a correct formulation of the direct problem, then of the solvability of the inverse. Further, by specified tabular solutions of the direct problem, a system of algebraic equations containing the unknown, the estimated parameters of the studied model is built. Then the inverse problem reduces to solving the following quadratic programming, the solution of which is determined in MS Excel. The theoretical material is accompanied by solution of specific example, using statistical data of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic that shows how actually in practice it is possible to solve the inverse problem, i.e. to organize a process of balanced trade of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic with each of the subjects of Noth – Caucasion Federal District. Found the non-negative elements of a matrix, by which we can judge what proportion of national income, y, the subject has to spend on the purchase of goods in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, to trade between this pair was balanced. So, the inverse problem posed in relation to the trading countries, it is possible to put and solve the following method and to trade between the subjects of one country
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
Description
The article discusses the application of automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis), its mathematical model which is system theory of information and its software tool, which is intellectual system called "Eidos" for solving problems related to identification of types and models of aircraft by their silhouettes on the ground, to be more precise, their external contours: 1) digitization of scanned images of aircraft and creation of their mathematical models; 2) formation of mathematical models of specific aircraft with the use of the information theory; 3) modeling of the generalized images of various aircraft types and models and their graphic visualization; 4) comparing an image of a particular plane with generalized images of various aircraft types and models, and quantifying the degree of similarities and differences between them, i.e., the identification of the type and model of airplane by its silhouette (contour) on the ground; 5) quantification of the similarities and differences of the generalized images of the planes with each other, i.e., clusterconstructive analysis of generalized images of various aircraft types and models. The article gives a new approach to digitizing images of aircraft, based on the use of the polar coordinate system, the center of gravity of the image and its external contour. Before digitizing images, we may use their transformation, standardizing the position of the images, their sizes (resolution, distance) and the angle of rotation (angle) in three dimensions. Therefore, the results of digitization and ASC-analysis of the images can be invariant (independent) relative to their position, dimensions and turns. The shape of the contour of a particular aircraft is considered as a noise information on the type and model of aircraft, including information about the true shape of the aircraft type and its model (clean signal) and noise, which distort the real shape, due to noise influences, both of the means of countering detection and identification, and environment. Software tool of ASC-analysis, i.e. Eidos intellectual system, provides identification of the type and the model of airplane by its silhouette, as it was shown in a simplified numerical example
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HARMONIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND TRADE POLICY ON THE EXAMPLE OF AGROINDUSTRIAL SPHERE
Description
The importance of harmonization of industrial and trade policies at the micro- and macro-systems due primarily to the fact that it is connecting links between the individual elements of the technological pyramid and from their adequacy the level of economic development of the region and the country as a whole depends. Due to the large variety and inhomogeneity of natural and socio-economic conditions between individual parts and the subjects of the Russian Federation, balanced production, economic and trade relations, firstly, provide economic integrity of the country and, secondly, to promote the formation of a positive effect from intersubjective division of labor. Increasing changes in the environment, the appearance of new buyer inquiries, intensified competition, openings in science and technology, presenting new opportunities for business, requires organizations of an effective system of enterprise management, which allows responding flexibly to all market changes. This problem is solved by the implementation of industrial and trade policies of enterprise and by harmonizing production and sales activities. This article discusses the nature and content of the concepts of "industrial policy" and "trade policy", harmonization methods of industrial and trade policy of enterprises and agriculture in general. The article analyzes main indicators characterizing the contemporary economic condition of the agriculture industry. Based on the findings, it suggest ways to solve the problem
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TRENDS OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND APPROACHES TO ENGINEERING
Description
The article analyzes trends of the modern information technologies and approaches to engineering. Information technologies are effective in all areas and fields of activity; they provide steady growth rates, increasing competitiveness of the organizations
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FORMATION OF THE NEW DEVELOPMENT OF BRICS AND ITS COMPETITIVENESS ON THE CURRENCY MARKET
Description
This article discusses the formation of a new development bank of BRICS. We have considered the background of creation of the bank in this economic situation, which are infrastructure problems of some country-member and future founders. We reviewed the creation of the bank, the official start of its work, financial characteristics, pool of currency reserves, pool of foreign exchange reserves, which has the functions and short-terms perspective of bank in international scene. We have reflected the existing difficulties, including a lack of common borders among the participants and the growing influence of China. We processed the opinions of experts about an alternative to the New Development Bank by Western financial institutions, which show the interest of strengthening the political component of the BRICS cooperation and the desire to change the current situation. We have conducted a comparative analysis of the New Development Bank and other international organizations which can serve to BRICS bank competitors such as the ADB, the IMF and the World Bank. Here we talk about the advantages and disadvantages of each organization. In order to form and strengthen the potential of BRICS we have presented several lines of activities. NDB should support projects for economic growth and provide for this purpose the long-term financing available, which will ensure the stability of the infrastructure projects of the Bank
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EVALUATION OF THE MAGADAN REGION AGRICULTURE LEVEL AND PROSPECTS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT
Description
The study examines trends in the formation of the agroindustrial complex in the Magadan region. The article deals with comparative analysis of main figures of the Magadan region agricultural branch for the period 2008 - 2014. Statistical methods for analyzing time series are used. Statistic date end its average annual coefficients of agricultural production growth and increase are given in the tables. This article shows that only some coefficients have a small growth. Most of them point at decreasing of production level. Main problems and regional social economic peculiarities and their negative influence on agricultural production are appeared. To sum up this information we have stated that the rate of growth in agricultural branch does not correspond to average agricultural rate growth in our country
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Description
The current problem of environmental pathology has emerged because of physical, chemical and biological factors, most of which are of anthropogenic origin. The environmental pathology is determined by appearance of new and unusual diseases, atypical course of known diseases, and "rejuvenation" of some diseases (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, myocardial infarction and even cerebral stroke among children). Examples of "new" diseases are environmental dioxin syndrome; "strange" disease Minamata (paralysis, mental retardation due to the damage to the Central nervous system of methyl mercury accumulated in marine food products); general immune depression – "chemical AIDS", caused by dioxins, heavy metals, toxic radicals, and others. Environmental issues gradually aroused the need to allocate separate spheres of legal regulation of public relations in the field of natural resources and environment from negative impacts in the course of economic activity. The task of the law in the field of regulation of public relations concerning the surrounding natural world – to define rules of behavior, which will be based on the knowledge of the natural laws. Global environmental problems associated with degradation of natural objects, separate ecosystems and the environment in General, contributed to the formation within the Russian legal system of environmental law as an independent branch of law. The article investigates methodological aspects of improvement of ecologicaleconomic mechanism of management in the sphere of nature management and environmental protection. The legal framework of the state policy in the field of environment protection is to ensure balanced solution of socio-economic tasks, preservation of favorable environment, biological diversity and natural resources in order to meet the needs of present and future generations, strengthening the rule of law in the field of environmental protection and ensuring environmental security. The article defines the interrelation between the level of pollution and the amount of population, analyzes official data for the Krasnodar region
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IMPROVEMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS CREDIT IN RUSSIA
Description
Small business is the basis for the development of the national economy, providing 60% of revenues in foreign countries. In Russia, this sector is developing slowly due to lack of funding. In connection with the development of small business, lending is growing in popularity in this sphere. The state develops a variety of programs to support small businesses in the form of public and private lending institutions, venture capital funds, credit unions. However, the volume of lending to small business remains relatively low, due to mistrust of banks and credit organizations in the sphere of small business. Nevertheless, it is here, according to statistics, the debt on loans is only 1.5% of the total. The article describes the features of small business lending, it analyzes the dynamics of the volume of loans granted, and the amount of debt, identifies main obstacles to obtaining loans to entrepreneurs, gives the analysis of credit conditions of small business in Russia and Germany. The problem of credit was considered from two perspectives: from the perspective of credit institutions and the banks themselves. We have developed measures to improve credit conditions, which must take into account not only credit institutions but also the state. It is necessary to provide tax incentives, encouraging the establishment and development of insurance business associations, to support the creation of specialized banks lending to small businesses, the development of cooperation of small and large banks to increase bank lending and reduce credit risks
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CALCULATION OF THE UNSTEADY WATER LINE IN THE KRASNODAR SUBURBAN CHANNEL FOR WATER MEASUREMENT
Description
Low level of water accounting and poor control in water distribution in the irrigation system are the main negative factors of industrial influence on irrigated natural complexes. Complex ecosystem way to control water resources involves qualitative improvement and optimization of all parts and elements of irrigation system, from the headwater pool, main channels to local water distribution channels. In this regard, when engineering, constructing, using some new and reconstructed old irrigated systems, the most important problems are the optimization of water use from natural water resources, development and use of highly efficient water-saving and energy-saving technologies of water distribution and water use in the irrigation system. The problem of economical and efficient consumption of water resources on the studied water complex cannot be solved successfully without any related consideration of water accounting and water consumption questions based on system principles. System principles are supposed to collect, analyze and use the information, with the help of complex technical means, which are used for water measurement in conditions of water charges, and for the purpose to control the technological processes of water supply and water drainage, when the needs of water users are satisfied and the environment get less damage. In the work, we study the mathematical calculation of the unsteady water line in the Krasnodar suburban channel for water measurement. The imitated research of hydraulic processes were carried out on the mathematical model of water measurement, based on the characteristic methods, with the use of analytical solution of ordinary differential equations of the initial characteristics. The use of the considered method of water measurement in irrigation channels with the use of analytical solution of ordinary differential equations of initial characteristics will allow to optimize the processes of water measurement and to minimize idle and non-technological discharges of water from the system
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Description
In the article, there are some questions of the essence of the category of "regional securities market" (RSM) on the basis of functional approach and disclosure of a role of RSM of regional level in functioning of mesolevel economic systems. The review of literature on the studied perspective is executed and its results are presented in the system form with the indication of positive and negative characteristics of approaches of other authors. Methodical approach, which allows formulating the author’s definition, is reasonable. The principles of stable functioning and effective development of regional RSM are noted. The comparative analysis of rates of development of economy of Krasnodar Region and other subjects of the Southern Federal District on an indicator of an index of physical volume of GRP is made. The leading positions of Krasnodar Region and excess of the national level throughout all studied period are revealed. Using the method of the correlation and regression analysis established mathematical interrelation between the investment potential of RSM and development of regional economy which force is estimated as average. For strengthening their interaction, the mechanism of increase of issue activity of regional issuers with use of instruments of the budgetary financing, the state credit and other factors is offered
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