№ 118(4), April, 2016
Public date: 29.04.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 111, 300 kb
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Description
The article is devoted to studying adsorption of enzymes, antioxidants contained in horseradish root on starch to create enterosorbent with anti-oxidant properties. For this goal, we have studied adsorption isotherm calculated constants, thermodynamic parameters (change of enthalpy, entropy, and isobaric-isothermal potential); sorption kinetics of enzyme-antioxidants on starch and calculate the main characteristics. The method of producing of enterosorbent - antioxidant on based starches has been developed based on the experimental data. The ready sorbent is a white powder having no taste and smell. Insoluble in biological fluids and water. It is the solid component. The enterosorbent can be used to protect the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals against a wide variety of oxidants and peroxide. The results of this work will form the basis for the study of the antioxidant properties of the resulting enterosorbent
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60 YEARS IN THE RANKS: FEATURES OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF BEZOSTAYA 1 WINTER WHEAT VARIETY
Description
This review is devoted to the 60 anniversary of the winter wheat variety (Triticum aestivum L.) Bezostaya 1 – a masterpiece of world selection. This variety played a great role in increasing total grain yields in the Kuban Region. It also was an important gene source for Russian and world breeding. This variety has initiated and was for many years a party to research molecular biological mechanisms of wheat frost resistance formation. The article summarizes data about the peculiarities of functioning of protein-synthesizing system it sprouts (coleoptilies) under the influence of hardening temperature (4oC): translational activity in vitro, poliribosomts, degree of polyadenilation and stability of total mRNA and specific mRNA translational elongation factor α subunit 1 (eEF-1 α). The in vitro (ommp) system, which adequately characterizes the relative mRNA stability in vivo was used for these measurements. The effects of cooling and light on mRNA stability were shown to be cultivar-specific. The hardiness of winter wheat has a positive relationship with the amount of RNA and DNA, and a negative correlation with the amount of magnesium cations in mature grain that can serve as a simple marker of frost resistance. The main feature of the variety Bezostaya 1 is high content of magnesium ions (Mg++) in RNA molecules and relatively low variation of Mg++-depending molecularphysiological responses for different environmental conditions. The knowledge gained in the study of variety of Bezostaya 1 contributes to the understanding of molecular biological processes that underlie the selection and determining its future success
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Description
The article studies the influence of polymeric in the form of formers and growth regulators on the growth and development of rice plants when grown in saline conditions. We controlled the effect of salinity on grows regulators and vigor, seed germination, root and shoot weight, the content of photosynthetic pigments parameters, induction curves of delayed fluorescence, the indicators of structure of harvest, grain yield. It was found, that pre-sowing seed soaking in solutions of polymer grows regulators has a stimulating effect on the growth and development of rice plants in the early stages: we significantly increased germination and emergence, dry weight of root and shoot compared to control. At different stages of ontogeny rice, the absolute content of pigments in the leaves and the relationship between the individual variants change. The absolute content of pigments in leaves and their relationship between experiences at different stages of ontogeny change. In the period of intensive vegetative growth from seedling stage the content of total chlorophyll is maximum, and by the end of the growing season it decreases. It can be assumed that the salinity of the substrate significantly reduces the productivity of photosynthesis in young plants, possibly due to imbalance of ions in the cell, the older it gets – the weaker the phenomenon is and even becomes reversed. The second maximum IR ZF increases during the growing season from germination to flowering, then decreases to the beginning of ripening in all embodiments. The same dynamics is characteristic of the magnitude of the proton gradient in the membranes of chloroplasts tylakoids. Salt protection effect of growth regulators on grain yield is significant on both backgrounds of mineral nutrition
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BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND COMMERCIAL STOCKS OF HUMPBACK WHITEFISH IN YAKUTIA WATERS
Description
Humpback whitefish - Coregonus lavaretus pidschian (Gmelin, 1788), is spread in Siberia, in the Kara, Laptev and East Siberian seas and in the lakes of the Arctic and Subarctic. Objective: To assess the status of fish in the waters of Yakutia, to make ecological forecasts and determine the possibility and prospect of economic use of whitefish, as a fish-breeding material in the present conditions. Methods: The analysis was carried out on the fresh material as described I.Pravdina (1966), taking into account the recommendations of Y. Reshetnikov (1980). Collection and processing of materials were carried out in 1969-2015 by standard methods. Results. Reaching sexual maturity at the sixth (in weight - the eighth and ninth) year of life, whitefish begin to move to the main breeding groundsin the early fall. Absolute fecundity of eggs 2500-140000. Spawning is common in late September-early October. The food spectrum usually consists of the following objects: chironomid larvae, plants, mollusks, fish eggs and copepods. By the nature of power - benthophage, but often becomes planktonic organisms. Conclusions. Important food fish, but its reserves significantly reducedunder the influence of anthropogenic factors in recent years. The catch of whitefish can be increased as a result of the development of aquaculture
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WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT AND BIOTA IN THE VILUY REGION
Description
Numerous revealed negative impacts of the diamond industry and Vilyuiskaya HPP on the aquatic environment and biological objects are more expressed in the change of the hydrochemical regime in water basin of Viluy and as its consequence - in violation of the structural and functional nature of the components of aquatic biota; in the change of he average biomass and abundance of planktonic populations (phytoplankton and zooplankton) and benthic organisms, and in general - in the change of the flow energy in an aquatic ecosystem
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RESISTANCE OF THE SOIL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HORIZONTAL DISK WORKING BODY
Description
Tillage plays an important role in the production of cereal and grains. The issues of improving the methods applied for soil treatment aimed at improving its quality significantly influencing crop yield have been considered. Reducing of all types of costs: energy, labor, money was also taken into consideration. In this article, based on numerous studies we have proposed to use the effect of oscillatory motion in the working body of tillage, improving the design of tillage machines, reducing the metal consumption of the machine, the intensity of the process while increasing quality of work. The article reveals issues related to embedding of the new tillage of the working body running in a horizontal plane and having special tabs (blade), allowing it to make a reciprocating rotational motion. This working body provides the undercutting of a soil layer and root system of weeds, the crumbling of the soil layer and its interaction with the working surfaces of the blades. The conditions of the sliding soil layer on the surface of the working body and reducing the pressure of the reservoir to the working body are proposed. It decreases the compression of the reservoir and the tractive resistance. We have substantiated the conditions for reciprocating rotational motion of the proposed disk of the working body in the working plane close to the horizontal, when interacting with a layer of the soil
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IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF FINE SOIL TREATMENT OF HORIZONTAL DISK WORKING ORGANS
Description
The creation of machines and tools of new generation, which represent high-efficiency, highperformance and take less energy and metal is a global challenge for the modern science. In this article, based on numerous studies, it is proposed to use the effect of oscillatory motion in the working body of tillage, improving the design of tillage machines that aims to reduce metal consumption, energy intensity and improve quality of work. A new tillage working body, running in a horizontal plane and having special tabs (blades) allowing it to make a reciprocating rotational motion has been presented. The application of this working body provides agronomic, environmental, energetic and economic efficiency by trimming the layer of the soil and root system of weeds, crumbling soil layer during its interaction with the working surfaces of the blades. Due to the reciprocating rotational motion, the cleaning of the working body is observed. The constructive and technological scheme of the working body and the scheme of forces acting on the proposed working body at the moment of penetration and the rotation of the working body at a certain angle are offered. The conditions for the reciprocating rotational motion of the working body are obtained as well as differential equations allowing considering the process of movement of the working body. The article also reveals expressions for the elementary forces acting on the surface of the blade from the moving layer of soil
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Description
Fracture geometry depends on stresses and rock properties in hydraulic fracturing operation. Poisson’s ratio imports directly in the calculations related to formation stresses. The most important reason for limiting fracture height is the natural stresses contrast resulting from the differences with Poisson ratios. Without this difference, fracture would have largely uncontrolled height. The goal of this study is mathematical investigation of the effect of Poisson’s ratio on the formation stresses that is necessary to select value of breakdown pressure in hydraulic fracturing operation. In this article, a mathematical model has been coded using “MATLAB” software for prediction of stresses in the various layers. This designed program is able to present both digital and graphical output results for different values of Poisson’s ratio. At the end, stresses exerted on the different layers of the several real oil reservoirs have simulated and breakdown pressures have determined
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ORGANIZATION OF A CONCEPT DICTIONARY FOR IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM OF DATA WITH LIMITED DISTRIBUTION
Description
The article deals with the problem of efficiency increase of the control of the information with limited distribution, which circulates in general purpose information networks, by means of working out an automated identification system of data with limited distribution. The purpose of working out the system is timely identification and prevention of leakage of information with limited distribution. There is a technique to construct a dictionary as a phase of working out an automated identification system of data with limited distribution suggested. It describes: 1) an order of association of the word forms having one semantic value in concepts which are designated by simple numbers; 2) the order of association of concepts in the data designated by natural numbers, thus the data identifier is a product of concept identifiers; 3) an order of representation of word forms their graphic bases; 4) designation of intraphrase connectors in concepts presented by word-combinations; 5) an order of representation of word forms in the form of abstract type of data - prefix tree; 6) an order of association of concepts of the formalizable document in the general prefix tree of graphic bases of word forms; 7) an order of identification of graphic bases in the tree. It defines: 1) restrictions on the size of the dictionary at the use of 64-digit processors, in a case if the operational system does not support arithmetics of repeated accuracy; 2) a maximum quantity of concepts of an analyzed fragment of the text; 3) the maximum value of the identifier of concepts and a maximum quantity of concepts of the dictionary. There is a table presented, illustrating the correlation between these three values
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ROTOR AND SCREW TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS FOR PREPARATION OF SOLUTIONS AND CONCRETE
Description
We have provided technical solutions to improve performance of technological systems for the preparation of solutions and concrete based on the use of screw rotors in the form of drums with helix lines formed on the perimeter as interconnect lines of his spiral surfaces. We discuss the six varieties of devices and installations for mixing, including concrete mixers, reels which are of a complicated geometric body formed by helical surfaces with variable or constant pitch and which creates screw lines in the places of their connection. In the form of screw drums, they may be conical, concave, convex, cylindrical. The experimental test was conducted on the concrete mixer drums, which are arranged one in the other. The implementation of the mixer in the form of coaxially edited two barrels provides not only a reduction in size in length, but a significant reduction in energy consumption due to the use of heat, released during the activation process of inert heating of the concrete mix as when re-mixing and concrete mix when mixing it with water and transportation. The drums of such systems is made of flat elements with the formation of the helical lines discretely spaced around the perimeter of different pitch and with different numbers directed towards each other helical surfaces. In the process of transporting the components of concrete in the internal screw drum there is active mixture of sand, gravel and cement. Thus, there is not only the destruction of lumpy, sticky components of the raw materials, but also active uniform distribution of particles of cement, sand and gravel into a homogenous mass. The implementation of the proposed technology and equipment ensures not only reduction of the dimensions of the mixer length, but also improving the quality of finished products, as well as potential cement savings of 3-5%
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