№ 118(4), April, 2016
Public date: 29.04.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 111, 300 kb
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ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MODELING IN SOLVING PROBLEMS OF CONTROLLING
Description
At the Department of "Economics and organization of production" at the end of XX - beginning of XXI centuries created the scientific school in the field of organizational and economic modeling, econometrics and statistics. The same name section of the department oversees the teaching of the relevant disciplines. The Laboratory of economic and mathematical methods in controlling of the Research and Education Center "Controlling and innovation in management" of Bauman Moscow State Technical University conducts research in this domain. This article is devoted to the activities of the scientific school, conducting research, and some of the results. We start with a discussion of the definitions of terms, which we use. Organizationaleconomic modeling - scientific, practical and academic discipline which devoted to the development, research and application of mathematical and statistical methods and models in economics and management of the national economy, especially in economics and management of industrial enterprises and their associations. The term "economic-mathematical methods and models" has close content. Statistical methods in economics - the subject of econometrics, the base of which is applied statistics. Organizational-economic modeling and econometrics are discussed as a theoretical and practical trainings and discipline. We developed textbooks and manuals on the organizational and economic modeling, econometrics and statistics. We have conducted theoretical research and development of applications in the field of organizational and economic modeling. In particular, the prediction is regarded as one of the management functions in industry. We study the problem of stability in the models and methods of development of strategy of the enterprise. For prospective organizational and economic mechanisms of management of industrial and economic activities, we proposed design based on solidary information economy
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METHODS OF WAVELET ANALYSIS AS A TOOL OF ECONOMIC SECURITY
Description
In the context of the objective existence of risk and economic, human and other losses related with it, there is a need in a specific mechanism, which would allow the best way to predict the damage caused by the emergency. These risk management tools in emergency situations are monitoring and forecasting. In this research work, time series are used as a signal; they contain information about the number of fires in the Karachayevo-Cherkessia in the period of 1983- 2014. In solving the problem, the authors applied wavelet tools for data cleaning from noise, anomalies that have provided quality model building reliable forecast - possible number of fires in one quarter ahead. This example shows that for the construction of this forecast there is no need for a rigorous mathematical model specification, which is especially valuable in the analysis of poorly formalized processes. We have noted that most of the tasks in emergencies fall into this category of processes
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TO THE ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PEASANT AND PERSONAL FARMS OF THE POPULATION
Description
Small agrarian and personal peasant farms present an important segment of agricultural production along with other subjects. Their role is becoming more prominent with the increasing of their own production potential. Nevertheless, their resource base remains very weak, the basic means of production are worn out, and many of them are unable to improve technical equipment. In this segment, leasing options are limited, there are problems in logistics management, and small entities do not have market power in the market of production resources and in products marketing. The lack of collateral generates high cost lending and permanent bankruptcy. On the other hand, it is noted that small entities have a large diversity of organizational and legal forms, an informal control system high interchangeability of production functions, they combine the status of the owner and the manager. They significantly reduce the social tension in rural areas; they play a significant role in import substitution. Characteristic features of small agricultural farms (SAF) are high autonomy, independence, self-protection from environmental factors. They spend little money on creating jobs, have low fixed costs and independently overcome the difficulties. However, an underdeveloped industrial infrastructure of small business hinders the improvement of the technological level. They work with constant external interference, which reduces their production efficiency and market competitiveness. All of them highly depend on local production conditions, capacity of territorial markets. Low level of cooperation of participants SAF significantly limits the number of sales channels, increases the volatility realization. The analysis showed a high need for realization of the revealed reserves of efficiency growth
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REGIONAL FACTORS OF SMALL AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOPMENT
Description
The article says that small agricultural farms (SAF) play a significant role in import substitution of food, which is aimed at replacing imported agricultural commodities and finished products to domestic security. SAF subjects of Krasnodar region made a significant contribution to the increase of efficiency of regional economy. The share of small agricultural farms is 29% of regional production of grain and meat, 36% of milk, 47% of egg, 10% of sugar beet, 30% of sunflower and 95% of potatoes, 70% of vegetables, and 29% of grapes which makes a significant contribution to the process of import substitution. In addition, the SAF showed a large positive impact on the sustainability of farming, the development dynamics of the entire rural economy, increase the competitiveness of the whole field due to the increase in segment sales, improving market sales in the infrastructure. Today SAF perform a priority vector of development of regional agrarian policy. However, when the share of regional agricultural production segment is more than 35%, a small management gets only 10% of the sum of all sources of state support. In recent years, stimulation measures of subjects of small agrarian farms aimed at increasing the size of the land, the abolition of the standards concerning the number of animals, improving lending conditions, facilitating the starting of economic conditions, union efforts to organize sales channels and other programs. However, the situation with crediting SAF is improving too slowly due to lack of sufficient collateral, and only a small part of them can use loans. Besides, the bureaucratic and departmental barriers are still saved. They still face trade discrimination in the retail markets and great difficulties due to the new requirements of the construction markets, the endowment channels marketing of products etc. All this dictates the need for further improvement of the economic mechanism of regulation of small agricultural development
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ADMINISTRATIVE RESOURCE IN THE UNIFORM ACCOUNTING SYSTEM AS A TOOL OF ENSURING ECONOMIC GROWTH
Description
Economic actors in the implementation of economic relations face the problem of solving the emerging contradictions and complexities. This leads to the delay of implementation of economic projects, require additional costs and, as a rule, leads to a reduction of mutual benefits. In modern conditions of globalization of economic relations, a significant role is reserved to the authorities empowered in the field of administration of industries and activities in a particular area. The authors have found and investigated the processes occurring within a single economic system. We have established the principles of implementing administrative regulations based on the proposed unified automated accounting system. We have justified the order in which the movement of assets economic entity and the sources of their formation fixed in a single user space indirectly with the information of Contracting parties. This allows us to ensure consistency of information, meeting the same requirements for their formation, processing, summarizing and presenting the administrative authorities. Attention is paid to the issues of preservation of information, to limit the powers of members of the space. The proposed operation of the single accounting system will significantly simplify the reporting procedure of economic entities, the procedure for the control and management of economic processes, will provide the administrative authority with information necessary for region management, the implementation of measures to ensure economic growth
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TO THE QUESTION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN FORMATION OF THE SINGLE ECONOMIC SPACE
Description
Modern trends of development of economic relations are not devoid of problems. The globalization of economic relations, development of communication network has opened a lot of abuse, incorrectly built relationships with contractors and agencies administration, well-known difficulties and shortcomings of law enforcement. The study showed that the weight of these circumstances caused the absence of an organized system of registration, formation, compilation, analysis and presentation of information. Collectively it is nothing like the attributes of the accounting system. The development of accounting in the region and the country as a whole in the direction of generalization of accounting information on all economic entities and other economic actors, becomes the requirement of time. The authors proposed the principles of the organization's user systems through a single automated account management system. Defined the functional role of each participant in such system. Much of the information comes from the so-called user agents – the authority of the state machinery and economic entities authorized in the formation and presentation of the required accounting information. The rules of the proposed system will provide the consistency required functionality of each participant and access to some form of economic information through economic roadmap. The implementation of the proposed accounting system will allow to define rules of functioning of the uniform economic space of the country, which will make possible the implementation of economic policies more effective, will allow to disseminate the experience of effective ministries in all areas of economic space
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Description
Justification of tax benefits, development of economic relations, globalization of accounting processes and improvement of administrative activity of public authorities require the appropriate development of accounting rules, effective rapid exchange of credentials and their consistency. The authors have proposed and justified the use of a unified automated information database accounting system management and control as a single accounting element space, which allows providing solutions to the above issues. The study introduced the concept of uniform accounting space and defined its objectives and principles of functioning. It is this form of organization of accounting and economic procedures of the process of functioning of the economy able to ensure the development of accounting theory in the areas of modern trends. The study highlighted areas that are implemented now, which fully meet the proposals of the authors. We have noted innovations related to the submission of the tax Declaration under the tax to the added cost and additional data by telecommunication in connection with the use of information security tools. We have also noted some rules for the provision of accounting information to interested users. The performance of individual business Executive is reflected in the proposed information system would appear in the form of user interface that would simplify requirements for organization and recordkeeping. The basic drawbacks and complexity of implementation of the activities proposed methods of their elimination or avoidance
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SINGLE ACCOUNT SPACE AND USER AGENTS AS TECHNIQUES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACCOUNTING
Description
Accounting science in the conditions of globalization of economic relations, the continuing growth in the volume of trade, the development of economic ties, tools, implementation of financial and economic relations cannot remain within the achieved level of its theoretical foundations. Accounting should not become an obstacle to the implementation of the provisions of the economic growth of the business entity. The same can be said about the currently used mechanisms of control of economic relations and taxation. In this regard, and taking into account the development of techniques for automated data exchange there is an objective need for the development of Agency in the formation, generalization and analysis of accounting information. The article describes some trends in the development of accounting theory, defined by the concepts of user agent uniform accounting and space as a technique of improving the accounting system. We have defined roles and functions of the user agents, their place in a single user space. The authors justified the proposal by the movement of accounting information in modern conditions of globalization of accounting procedures. The article has proposed mechanisms of recording and summarizing information on individual areas of accounting and taxation. We have also defined roles and methods of participation of various economic actors in the scope of the proposed mechanism of functioning of the unified accounting space
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OUTFLOW OF CAPITAL FROM RUSSIA: TRENDS, CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS
Description
In the last decade, the question of migration of capital, including its illegal export, became an actual problem from both the international financial organizations, and government authorities, which are realizing monetary and credit regulation. This is explained by the fact that in the conditions of globalization the level of mobility of the capitals and integration of the financial markets sharply increased. As a result, any local event can provoke intensive outflow of resources from this or that country and lead to an unstable economic situation. And national financial crisis, in turn, is able in a short time not only cause a chain reaction of defaults in the system of international payments, but also lead to serious disruptions in the global financial markets. For this reason, the prevention of illegal export of Russian capital abroad can contribute to the growth gold and currency reserves, the stabilization of the national currency, a more accurate prediction of the balance of payments of the Russian Federation. Framing of measures of preventing of illegal export of the capital, including by means of system of currency regulation and currency control, is an objective necessity, which aim is to increase the stability of the financial and credit, and, in particular, the banking system, the financial market, improving the investment climate. From that as far as there will be effective measures to prevent the illegal export of capital depend the efficiency and level of development of the country's economy, Russia's place in the international financial system
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PROSPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM IN RUSSIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF GEOPOLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS
Description
This article discusses the state of international tourism and development trends of Russian tourism industry in the foreign policy challenges and the growth rates of world currencies. International tourism industry is one of the most promising and rapidly adapting to the conditions of the international situation part of the global economics. Currently, tourism in Russia is under development and reform. Legal acts of the Russian Federation, support programs in the field of tourism activities, as well as supporting all the events that have already been done in this area are analyzed. This article presents data on the state of international entry, exit and domestic tourism in the country, development trends of tourism and prospects for 2015. Information on the status of classification and assignment of the "stars" by means of placing resorts of the Krasnodar Region and the Southern Region of the Russian Federation is provided
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