№ 119(5), May, 2016
Public date: 31.05.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 97, 232 kb
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article reviews four variants of laying nurseries of primary branches of seed production of long-grained rice varieties of the Kuban breeding taking into account their biological features, plots area ranges from 0,7 m2 to 1,1 m2 , seeding rate for one family – from 100 pcs./m 2 to 170 pcs./m2 . We have studied traits of long-grained rice varieties of the Kuban breeding - Ivushka, Avstral, Kurazh, affecting the yield and quality of seeds: yield, multiplication factor and fractional composition of seeds depending on laying multiplication nursery of first year progeny. The differences between varieties by the type of tillering, vigor, germination of seeds depending on planting system are shown. Optimal way for laying seed nurseries is found: for long-grained varieties with medium tillering (Kurazh type) – row length – 3,3 m and seeding rate – 120 caryopses/m2 ; for those with intensive tillering (Ivushka type) – row length – 3,8 m and seeding rate - 120 caryopses/m2 . This will allow using mechanical method of sowing using selective cassette seeding-machine in the primary seed production, reducing cost of seed production and increasing efficiency of labor, increasing volume of seed production of long-grained rice varieties in short terms and accelerating their implementation in the Kuban region for import substitution
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the article, we present results of the research of the influence of various processings of soil on accumulation of productive moisture in autumn and winter periods
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WAYS OF REDUCTION OF ADVERSE FEEDING EFFECT ON ANIMALS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe successful development of livestock requires maintaining and further increasing of the genetic potential, the basis for the manifestation of which is the adequite balanced feeding. Currently, one of the most urgent problems of livestock breeding is to find ways for reduction of the negative impact of various feeding factors on the animals. In industrial conditions, it is difficult to exclude various feed stresses, which lead to a decrease in productivity, survival rate and ill health of animals and poultry. The work summarizes the research in this direction, taking into account the achievements of domestic and foreign authors. A serious problem of feed producing companies and livestock farms is the grain and compound feed affection with fungi and their metabolic products - mycotoxins. Based on the results of the research of several authors, the ways of solving this problem were identified and recommendations on the reduction of the negative effect on the body were provided. It is noted, that one of the best and effective ways to reduce the negative effect of mycotoxins on the body is a method of administration of adsorbents in animal feed. But it should be taken into consideration that in order to maximize the protection against mycotoxins and minimize their harmful effects on the body of animals it is necessary to use preparations, which include adsorbents of organic and inorganic nature, as well as to comply with the dosage of their introduction into the diets of animals and poultry.The progressive forms of preparations of a new generation, solving problems of the negative impact of feeding factors, include probiotics, which contain some bacteria, immobilized on the solid particles, so that they inhabit the intestine faster. Modern biological complexes have immune correcting properties, increase non-specific resistance of the organism, normalize microbiocenosis of gastrointestinal tract, and stimulate the functional activity of the digestive system. Therefore, it is necessary to use feed additives with detoxification properties as part of animal compound feed, according to recommendations on their application in appropriate dosages
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the article there were given the results of researches for 20110–2012 obtained of many years stationary experience of the chair of general and irrigated land management of Kuban State Agrarian University on study of main soil treatment influence and doses of mineral fertilizers under soy beans on dynamics of moisture in soil and efficiency of its use by this cultivar. There was determined that from all studied variants the ploughing on 20–22 cm led to the higher accumulation of moisture for autumn-winter period. The decrease of productive moisture reserves on 6-9 % was observed on the types with surface treatment and direct sowing. The increase of soil treatment depth and doses of mineral fertilizers promoted to the better accessibility of moisture during vegetation period and correspondently to their greater expenses. Moreover, there was revealed the more rational use of water by soy beans under mouldboard soil treatment and introduction of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N90P120, it discovers the high effectiveness of present agricultural methods. The highest productivity of soy beans in the experience was achieved by means of ploughing on 20–22 cm and introduction of mineral fertilizers as a main type of soil treatment
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PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF BERRIES BY STRAWBERRY HYBRIDS OF NCRRIHV BREEDING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the results of evaluation of 20 strawberry hybrids by breeding in the NCRRIHV on the traits of productivity and chemical composition of berries. The results of the grouping of studied hybrids at the number of berries per plant and average weight of berries were shown. We have also highlighted the best hybrids, that shows the maximum number of berries (pcs per plant) – 2-10-06 Firework × Honey, 5-2- 06 Primella × Marmolada and average weight of berries (g) - 5-1-12 Elsanta × Alba, 11-7-06 Molling Pandora × Marmolada, 7-1-12 Elsanta × Camarosa, 6-1-06 Vesnyanka × Primella, 2-4-12 Eros × Camarosa, 3-4- 12 Belrubi × Camarosa. It was found that the integrated combination of high productivity characteristic values (the number of berries per plant and average weight of berries) are not mentioned in any of the hybrid selections. Study of the traits of berries quality in strawberry hybrids showed that they contain from 6,3 to 11,4% soluble solids, from 4,8 to 8,6% sugar, from 0,62 to 1,30% acid, the sugar-acid ratio It varies from 4,0 to 8,8 relative units. Almost all the studied hybrids accumulate in the berries more vitamin C in comparison with the control variety Honey. According to the complex biochemical parameters highlighted hybrids 2-9-12 Eros × Camarosa, 2-4-12 Eros × Camarosa, 5- 3-12 Elsanta × Alba, 3-1-12 Belrubi × Camarosa
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the researches on the study of the different systems of basic treatment of soil under sunflower’s density, aggregate composition, supplies of productive moisture on regular black soil of the Krasnodar region
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionLimited resource of irrigation water in the South of Russia is a particularly actual task in the production of moisture-loving crops, such as rice. To solve the problem of rational use of water when watering is not possible without the organization of an automated water distribution. As it was shown by the analysis of tools and technologies of regulation of water supply, the most promising, form tested and used, can be tape regulators of flow and water level. They have a simple construction diagram, unpretentious in operation. However, we have identified a fault – unregulated leaking, not fully covered through the bore, which in turn increases the uncontrolled consumption of irrigation water. To solve this problem we propose a number of designs, protected by patents of the Russian Federation, having special fixture to ensure unauthorized leaks, even in a state almost close to the fully closed opening expiration from the regulator. The article comprehensively considers hydraulic studies of controller initially, without any additions that contribute to the problem of eliminating leakage. The proposed study with the analysis of the distribution of velocities and pressures in the design of belt regulator, will allow you to have the basic reference model against which it will be possible to analyze the degree of influence of constructive-technological changes at the work the newly developed devices. For this, we modeled tape controller in the software package FreeCАD version 0.15, when using SAE - system FlowVision. The task of modeling water flow were solved in flat statement, including the moment of full closing of the belt passage opening of the regulator. For plotting surfaces, lines, levels and cross-section response functions, we used a software package wxMaxima. The results obtained allowed a comprehensive analysis of the work tape of the locking device, hydraulically actuated device in all modes of the major factors and, in the future, will help to address the issue of studying the impact of introduced technological changes in the design of controllers
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POSSIBILITIES OF USING GROWTH REGULATORS FOR FORMATION OF FRUIT PLANTS YIELD
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe researches were about availability of the appliance of some physiology active matters – aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and melafen for optimization of yield formation for orange and apple trees. Field researches were conducted in 2011-2012 in commercial orchards in the region of Gingin in the Western Australia (climate of the region – Mediterranean, the soil – sandy) and in 2015-2016 in apple orchards of the botanical garden of Kuban State Agrarian University (climate of the region - moderately continental), started in 2006. The article shows expediency of using inhibitor biosynthesis of ethylene of AVG at a concentration from 20 to 60 mg /l when the orange fruit size was 3.0 cm, and the growth regulator "Melaphen" (concentration 1˟10- 9 М) in the second half of the vegetation period of apple plants (for 45-50 days before harvest). The use of treatments in these terms reduces pre-harvest fruit drop and thus increase the economic productivity of fruit trees (apple in - up to 11%). It is noted that a variety of orange called Washington Navel is more responsive to the increased concentration of AVG, than the variety of Lane Late (optimal concentration of 60 and 20 mg / l, respectively). We have shown a wide spectrum of action of the treatment "Melaphen" on apple plants. Along with the retention of the fruit on the tree, it enhances the activity of plant growths in summer and some weakening concerning tabs flower buds as well as the displacement of their development. However, the use of melaphen in this period increases the efficiency of the formation of various parts of flowers and fertilization in the next season. With such results of the adjustment processes of vegetative growth and generative development of plants under the influence of physiologically active substances, it will ensure the formation of relatively high and regular yields of fruits
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THE STUDY OF GRAPE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS GENE POOL
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the results of studies of 92 indigenous varieties and 15 wild genotypes by 24 microsatellite markers. As a result a locus database about germplasm in the collection stored at the Russian ampelographical collection AZOSViV (Anapa Zone Experimental Station of Viticulture and winemaking) was created. During the research of varietal breeding populations confirmed the validity in the production of the cultivar of Krasnostop anapsky with obvious changes in microsatellite sequences as a clone of famous indigenous Don cultivar Krasnostop Zolotovskii. This clone was selected in 1953 by prominent agrotechnologist Zotkin Ivan Ivanovich which is propagated by the author and his followers, and after a formal registration submitted to state testing in 2007 in GSK RF, zoned in the North Caucasus region (number 6) in 2014 year. Sort -clone Krasnostop anapsky only in the Kuban today cultivating in 35 hectares. By using molecular genetic techniques, now clonal selection of vine grapes is reasonably improving. Recent data collected by us in the work process, were analyzed a comprehensive manner, making it possible to draw conclusions about distinctness of grape varieties. Some clones were studied by DNA primers, based on retrotransposon sequences
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INCREASING THE COMPETITIVE CAPABILITIES OF SUBJECTS OF SMALL AGRARIAN FARMS
DescriptionIt is being said that the competitive position of subjects of small agrarian farms (SAF) are often provided with increasingly innovative approaches with flexibility of internal management, the ability to quickly adapt to constantly changing conjuncture market. However, as practice shows, the direction of development in small economies does not act as a priority of modern agricultural policy in this field, often dominated by declarative intent rather than running behind these statements required volumes of investment in regulation of subjects SAF development. It is noted that there the following actions should be taken: to supply the participants of small agricultural farms with necessary land resources; to create an affordable banking scheme for obtaining investment credits, subsidies, and cooperative credit for small business entities; to expand the scope of production and service; to continue development of opportunities for industrial cooperation, joint logistics, processing, marketing research, and marketing of products; to facilitate the access of small actors to local retail markets. A high rate of inflation, directly affecting the cost of credit, fuel prices, updating the technical and material base of production, and difficulties with working capital are still remaining the major problem. The solution to these problems would be enhancing the market competitiveness of small agrarian businesses