№ 123(9), November, 2016
Public date: 30.11.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 141, 382 kb
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
Description
There is a 2D mathematical model of ion transport binary salt with the main conjugate effects of concentration polarization in the overlimiting current mode: the bulk charge and the dissociation/ recombination of water, gravity and electroconvection and Joule heating the solution in the form of a boundary value problem for systems of differential equations with partial derivatives in the article. This system is presented in a form convenient for numerical solution. We describe the necessary boundary conditions. This article presents a theoretical study of the interaction of forced, gravitational and electroconvection, the dissociation / recombination of water molecules, and Joule heating of the solution and heat transport through membranes. We have constructed a mathematical model of two-dimensional non-stationary ion transport binary salt in a smooth rectangular channel desalting electrodialysis device using equations Nernst-Planck-Poisson, heat conduction and Navier-Stokes equations and the natural boundary conditions. For numerical solution we use the finite element method, with the splitting of task at each new time layer into three subtasks: electrochemical, thermal conductivity, hydrodynamic. Such approach to the development of numerical methods is the original and can solve arising in modeling boundary-value problems for a nonlinear system of partial differential equations
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AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL PROSE OF BORIS PASTERNAK: THE PROBLEM OF THE AUTHOR’S IDENTIFICATION
10.00.00 Philological sciences
Description
The article deals with the problem of author identification in the early autobiographical prose of Boris Pasternak. In his early autobiography "Safe Conduct" the poet searches for artistic and personal self-identification. Unlike the traditional genre of autobiography, "Safe Conduct" is based not on memory of real facts but on sensual feelings from them. It means that autobiographical prose created by the poet reduces the real biographical facts, filling gaps with emotions and feelings. This feature coupled with fragmentariness of narrative fragmentation tends “challenge to biographism”. Indulging in memories, searching for artistic self-identification the poet defines his own identity. Search for himself Pasternak associates with biography of "other" people, who have played a great role in formation of his personality. “Safe Conduct” is tractate on someone else's creative genius. Meanwhile the author puts himself aside and takes a reset position towards “other” talents. These relationships have a repeated temper. Firstly, the author admires someone’s talent, coming closer to it, and then breaks up with it, and finds his own way. The final goal of self-identification is poetry; the author closes to it through philosophy and music, overcomes their attractiveness and leaves them. The fundamental feature of Pasternak’s poetry and biography is the necessity to identify and understand himself through "alien", "other" things
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ADAPTATION OF COMPANIES TO THE CRISIS CONDITIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Description
The submitted article is devoted to adaptation of the enterprise to crisis environmental conditions. Crisis management includes a complex of the methods applied in different functional subsystems of management. Social technologies, methods of the economic analysis, forecasting, development of difficult investment projects and anti-recessionary programs, plans of restructuring and reorganization — are applied in a complex to the timely prevention and overcoming of crises. Crisis management includes set of knowledge and results of the analysis of practical experience which are directed to optimization of mechanisms of regulation of systems, identifications of the hidden resources, and development potential at a difficult stage of development. Specifics of crisis management are connected with need of adoption of difficult administrative decisions in the conditions of limited financial means, big degree of uncertainty and risk. The problem of establishing effective crisis management at the enterprises is difficult in the practical relation and demands the most serious study in the methodical plan. During system transformation in Russia this problem became almost vital, defining a real survival of a manufacturing sector our economy. In this regard, studying of features of crisis management in Russia in modern conditions is not only is actual, but also essential for survival and functioning of enterprises and organizations
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ACADEMIC WRITING IN ENGLISH IN A RUSSIAN UNIVERSITY: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Description
The article analyses the difficulties brought about by the introduction into the curricula of many Russian universities a new educational practice – Academic Writing in English. The difficulties are grouped into the following categories: the ones which are rooted in the old Soviet-Russian lingua - didactic tradition of teaching foreign languages; the ones which are connected with a low level of prestige of research work among students and some of their teachers; the ones which are specific to a particular educational establishment, and as the survey reveals, they are mostly caused by the complicated nature of the subject Academic Writing. The algorithm of action suggested for the syllabus design includes the analysis of objective and subjective difficulties; analysis of the needs of the target audience; and the introduction into the teaching process specifically designed for the course materials. Survey results prove that following the algorithm has significantly raised the students’ level of satisfaction with the difficult course. The measures, aiming to improve the course, have facilitated the attainment of the course goal, saving time and effort for students and their teachers
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Description
The article tells about St. Petersburg distinctive watercolor painter, Oleg I. Pomerantsev (1949-2012). Master's career is inseparably linked with Russian realism. The artist acts as a successor of fundamental high artistic traditions of realistic art. Working in a landscape genre, Pomerantsev managed to create more than 500 paintings deep in a content and meaning. In his spare time Master developed his own techniques of watercolor art. The entire artist’s works were performed under his impression. He received inspiration on fishing trips, in woods and then at home master reproduced what he saw from memory. Most of his works are in private collections and galleries all around the world. Romantic landscapes of Oleg I. Pomerantsev affect by their transparency, complex color techniques and inexpressible atmosphere, full of air and light. Complex colour manners and inexpressible atmosphere full of air and light. Graphic works by the artist, executed in pencil on paper are very interesting too. Sometimes master was fond of drawing in details, so such works were not suitable for watercolors. In his watercolor works Pomerantsev did only hardly visible pencil drawing. The artist did not specialized in graphics so he ruled out his pencil sketches as unsuitable, but the wife of the artist has kept them. Watercolorist Oleg I. Pomerantsev is unknown to Russian art-critics. In view of that, the article was tasked to give for the first time an art rating to the artist’s creation, to make an art analysis of his works from the cycle "The Karelian isthmus" dedicated to the settlement of Kirillovskoe in Vyborg district. The study of creativity of Oleg Pomerantsev by professional critics will allow to expand qualitatively the history of watercolor painting of Russia
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DEVELOPING OF INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES AT THE INITIAL STAGE OF THE INVESTIGATION OF EXTORTION
Description
The article deals with the complex and important problem related to the investigation of extortion. From a legal point of view, extortion is the demand of a transfer of someone’s property, rights to the property or some other actions connected with the property, which is accompanied by various threats of violence, destruction of property or spreading of information defaming the victim or his relatives. Extortion refers to latent crimes. Investigation of extortion is complicated because of the high level of professionalism and thorough preparation of the accused. The number of criminal groups using extortion as the main source of their income is increasing. To select the best way of obtaining information concerning past events, an investigator develops crime investigation procedure. The article analyzes the concepts of "investigation procedure" and "programming", the stages of the criminalistic routine development are pointed out. Dealing with extortion classification of preliminary investigation procedures is an important condition for their development, which allows to distinguish homogeneous groups and to develop criminalistic routine. Based on the typical investigative situations at the initial stage of investigation of extortion we have proposed some investigation procedures. The set of all procedural actions and recommendations that need to be implemented in the course of the investigation, forms investigation program
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ANALYSIS OF DISK WORKING BODIES FOR MINIMUM TILLAGE
Description
Minimum tillage technology (mini till) is based on soil preparation for sowing by disk working organs. The spherical disc serves as a ploughshare and a blade and provides soil crumbling. There are two options for placement discs: a battery one on the X-axis with an individual bar. The working depth is adjusted by changing the angle of the battery attack. The distance between the tracks of the spherical discs on the common axis is 220 mm. In processing the soil with plant residues there is winding of stems on the axis which causes the disc jamming. The structural layout of the spherical disk on the individual axis with individual counter has none of these shortcomings. Spherical discs on the individual pole are placed on the frame in parallel rows. The working depth is adjusted by changing the angle of attack of each series. The number of rows on the harrow ranges from two to four. In the three-row harrow the front row is divided into two equal parts, with the working bodies being installed with the opposite direction of the bulge. The recommended working speed of the harrow is up to 12 km / h. The non-standard location of the disk of the mulcher on the spiral rack makes it possible to perform the following functions: crushing and incorporation of crop residues into soil, mulching. The number of rows of the mulcher is two or four, and the speed is of 15 - 18 km / h. The analysis of the data specifications of the harrows and mulchers with a different number of rows and different needs for the engine power of the tractor has been made. There has been determined the empirical dependence of the total number of disks upon the working width of the harrow and the mulcher. Dependence of the minimum power of the tractor upon the working width with different number of rows of the harrow and the mulcher was determined. It was found that at the same working widths, the double row harrow has the smallest value of the minimum power. At the fixed width, the double row mulcher has the highest value of the minimum power
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ANALYSIS AND SELECTION OF WORKING MACHINES FOR PRE-TREATMENT OF THE SOIL UNDER GRAIN CROPS
Description
The best predecessors for sowing grain are grains and legumes, tilled cultures and perennial grasses. The precursor also determines the choice of the tillage type. The imperfection of the working bodies of the machines for soil treatment is the main reason for the increase in the complexity of preparing soil for sowing. In recent years, domestic manufacturers have been producing combined working machines that perform several technological operations in one pass. To prepare soil for sowing grain there have been selected disk units and working machines which were tested on the Kuban State Zonal Machine-Station. They fit well with the existing technology. It is rational to conduct tillage of soil for tall crops and perennial grasses by the disc cutter BDM-4×4. The disc cutter efficiently prepares the soil for seed bed cultivation on tilled precursors in one pass or two passes. It is efficient to conduct tillage on grain precursors by the stubble cultivator KSP-6, by the disc combined unit AKD-3 or DCN - 3.3. After grain predecessors the disc guns prepare soil for seed bed cultivation in two passes, and after perennial grass in a single pass. According to the results of the trials on the Kuban State Zonal Machine-Station the stubble cultivator KSP-6 efficiently prepares soil for sowing in one pass of the unit. The block-module cultivator MSC provides high quality pre-sowing cultivation simultaneously with sowing. There was proposed the method of equipping the unit so that it would provide usage of the data and technical characteristics of the tractor and physico-mechanical properties of the soil for which the technological operation is to be done. The proposed method determines the transmission ratio for which the amount of slipping does not exceed the permissible values in agro requirements. The value of the theoretical speed is calculated for the given transmission. Operating speed is determined taking into account the slip values
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Description
In agriculture the issue of enhancing the efficiency of operation of internal combustion engines (ICE), reducing the costs of maintenance (TO) and repairing (TP) fuel supply apparatus (TA) using the improvement of methods and means of diagnosis is a topical in connection with the aging rolling stock farming and lack of investment. Analysis of the known TA diesel engine vehicles systems showed that the most widespread system is the divided type with multiplunger high pressure fuel pump (fuel pump), while the methods of its diagnosing are laborious, they require partial disassembly and have insufficient accuracy. The mathematical models that characterize the work of a high-pressure fuel pump (fuel pump) use a large number of parameters that significantly affect the quality of dynamics of the change of pressure values of diesel fuel. However, in the materials of previously published articles there were no issues considered assessing the extent of the quantitative impact, performance and features change in the sensitivity settings of the mathematical models on the simulation results, there are no recommendations on the degree of sensitivity and importance of each of the parameters. For a more accurate diagnosis of the fuel supply apparatus of a diesel engine it is advisable to use several methods of diagnosing. The article substantiates development of a mathematical model of a high-pressure fuel pump based on the analysis of modern methods of diagnosing of fuel equipment for autotractor diesel engines
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Description
We have developed dashboards of monitoring of the main socio-economic indexes of city districts and municipal districts of the Stavropol region in 2011- 2015 by means of platforms of business analytics of Tableau Public and Power BI for joint free use. The article presents a cluster analysis of administrative areas of the Stavropol region with the most important socio-economic indexes in 2015 for the purpose of identification of problem areas and acceptance of management decisions for their development
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