№ 124(10), December, 2016
Public date: 30.12.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 99, 268 kb
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
Description
The article presents a mathematical model of the ion transport across phase boundary exchange membrane / solution. The border is considered as an object in space, endowed with all the physical and chemical properties that are inherent physical and chemical phases. It is regarded as a special physical and chemical environment, having a distributed exchange capacity in which there is space charge dissociation of water molecules. The size of this object is estimated in the range of 1-300 nm. The surface morphology of industrial membrane type MK-40, МA-41 and МA-41P was investigated experimentally by scanning electron microscopy (REM). There was analyzed the amplitude of average surface roughness. In this article, the reaction layer is modeled as a region that forms as a relief morphology of the membrane. Membrane properties are due to the properties of the solution and the properties of the membrane. To determine the dependence of Q(x) is proposed procedure for assessing the proportion of solid phase in the total volume of which can be seen in the vertical cross section microprofile on the membrane surface line. Height multivendors determine the reaction layer zone on frame of model. Influence of surface morphology on the V-A characteristics and the sizes of the convective instability of cation-exchange membrane evaluated numerically simulating the hydrodynamic flow conditions using a solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. The transfer of a strong electrolyte such as NaCl ions through the thin layer of the reaction layer is considered. The place of nanomodel in the structure of a three-layer membrane system is showed. The distribution of the concentration of ions in the system, the charge density distribution and the dependence of the integrate charge with extent nanolayer is present. How to change the shape of the space charge and its integral value with one is investigated
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STATISTICAL MODELS IN MEDICINE
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
Description
The article is devoted to the discussion of the organization of clinical-statistical studies and experiments. We have considered the examples of the application of statistical methods in scientific medical research. Under the clinical-statistical research we understand specially organized collection and analysis of medical data about the course of disease in patients, research of the dynamics of objective and subjective indicators of the state of reaction to these or other therapeutic effects. We study one, two or more groups of individuals (patients or healthy), conclusions are drawn on the whole group, but not for each individual patient. The purpose of research - to transfer the conclusions reached for the sample to the general population, i.e., clinical and statistical study focused on the production of useful recommendations concerning those patients who fall into the field of view of doctors after the end of the study. There are two main types of research - prospective and retrospective. The first related to the analysis of the last patients, the second - to monitoring the course of their disease in the future. We have considered typical mistakes in the organization of clinical-statistical studies. When planning a research, we usually distinguish the experimental and control groups, which are identical or similar in all respects except for the studied factors (exposure). We discuss the various options for blind methods and consider the application of statistical models and methods in scientific medical research. We have analyzed examples of confidence estimation of proportion (probability) and the homogeneity test of probabilities. For statistical modeling we use the Poisson distribution in the case of small probability. With its help, we analyze statistical data on the opisthorchiasis
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
Description
We consider the methods for estimation of the effectiveness and quality of the scientific activities of the researcher, of the organization, of the magazine. Performance indicators of scientific activity are used as an important part in the estimation of higher education institutions, the innovative capacity of enterprises, etc. To estimate the effectiveness of scientific activity is natural to use intellectual tools which are well-established in other subject areas. This will include, in particular, the balanced scorecard, based on key performance indicators (hence the title of this article), as well as controlling, primarily controlling of research activities. There are two more developed and widely used types of tools for estimation the effectiveness of the scientific activity - the scientometric indicators and the expert estimators. Their critical analysis is the subject of this article. The goal - to choose the most effective tool. Different versions of manipulating of values of scientometric indicators in the Russian Federation, in our estimation, are still relatively rare. Perhaps this is due to the relatively short period of their use in the management of science. Since an indicator such as citation index (the number of citations of publications) of researcher, allows estimating its contribution to science, the use of this scientometric indicator for the management of science is justified. At the same time, the number of publications and especially h-index is not possible to objectively estimate the effectiveness of research activities, particularly in view of the properties of the real bibliometric databases. Expert procedures have several disadvantages. In this article we discuss the real effectiveness of expert procedures in the areas of their application, as conferring academic degrees and elections to the National Academy of Sciences (primarily in the Russian Academy of Sciences), as well as appointments to senior positions. The basic principles of expertise in these areas remain the same for the past 70 years. Based on an analysis of practice it is necessary to ascertain the lack of efficacy of expert estimators in these areas. Rationale to what has been said is given in the article
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SIMULATION OF TURBULENT MHD FLOW IN A RECTANGULAR CAVITY IN A ROTATING MAGNETIC FIELD
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
Description
The article deals with numerical solutions of MHD equations describing turbulent flow of a conducting fluid in a rectangular cavity in the rotating magnetic field at large values of the magnetic Taylor number, and Reynolds number. It is known that there is a mechanism of turbulent mixing in natural systems, leading to an increase in the viscosity of the continuous medium. In this regard, we suggest methods of regularization of the Navier-Stokes equations, similar to the natural mechanisms of mixing. The models based on the properties of currents of the turbulent environment proposed. A modification of the continuity equation taking into account the final magnitude of pressure fluctuations was considered. It is shown that due to pressure fluctuation the incompressibility condition can be violated even for flows with low Mach numbers. Modification of continuity in the system of NavierStokes equations by the introduction of turbulent viscosity allows the regularization of the NavierStokes equations to solve the problems with rapidly changing dynamic parameters, for example, in the case of a conducting fluid flow in a magnetic field rotating with a high frequency. It was shown that the modification of the continuity equation taking into account turbulent fluctuations leads to a system of nonlinear equations of parabolic type. A numerical model of turbulent MHD flow in a rectangular cavity with rapid change in flow parameters was proposed. In numerical calculations revealed that under the influence of a rotating magnetic field in a conducting fluid there are forces occur, causing unsteady vortex flow, which is consistent with experimental data. We have discovered a type of large scale instability of the turbulent flow, connecting with the secondary flow in a form of vortices
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ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF IONEXCHANGE MEMBRANES IN SOLUTIONS CONTAINING CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Description
The article presents the experimental results of the study of the concentration dependence of the electrical conductivity of heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes that are in contact with solutions of weak electrolytes - carboxylic acids. It is shown that in this case the membrane conductivity is higher than the conductivity of the solution, wherein the conductivity of cation exchange membranes substantially greater (by an order of magnitude) than the conductivity of anion exchange membranes. This fact must be considered when designing the actual electrodialysis processes of processing solutions containing organic ions. The work identified the need to develop modern ideas about transport and the structural organization of ion-exchange materials, to describe the structure of the ion-exchange membranes that are in contact with weak electrolytes solutions
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Description
Tomato is one of the most popular vegetables in Kuban. Every year, the area under this crop in the region occupies more than 11 thousand ha. Currently the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in Krasnodar region, includes more than 90 tomato varieties and hybrids, however, the need for new, more productive varieties is not reduced. The important task of breeding is development of varieties and F1 hybrids with stable realization of the potential, with high level of yield ability, resistance to adverse environmental factors. In the southern regions of Russia for tomatoes, especially during flowering and fruit ripening, the most unfavorable abiotic environmental factors are excessive heat (air temperature 35 - 45 ° C or higher) and high solar radiation. Adverse temperature conditions often act as a deterrent in obtaining high yields, due to the flowers and fruits drop. The article presents the results of breeding activities of the last ten years (2007 - 2016) on development of new tomato varieties and F1 hybrids for different purposes As a result of studies there were developed four tomato varieties and one F1 hybrid that meet the requirements of production and are adapted to abiotic conditions of cultivation in open field in Kuban
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Description
The article presents the results of studies of vitality and of the correlation variability of morphological traits cenopopulations Lilium pensylvanicum Ker.- Gawl. on the natural territory of the Yakutsk Botanical Garden and in cultura. The study shows variability of their parts (variability) and the estimation coenopopulations vitality (vitality)
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Description
Microsatellite DNA markers are currently used effectively in the study of the genetic diversity of the gene pool of fruit crops and DNA certification of varieties. For plum now there is rather limited list of works on the development of this type of DNA markers. Most often, the search for new SSR-markers for this species is carried out by checking of crossreproducibility of SSR-markers developed in other species of the genus Prunus. In this study, for the 18 SSR-markers previously developed on a peach, there was performed testing and evaluation of the prospects for the use of the genotyping of plum cultivars. Testing was made on the 4 varieties of genetically distant, belonging to the 4 different subspecies of Prunus domestica L., showed the effectiveness of their use. During the study, all tested DNA-markers were grouped together in multiplex sets comprising 3-4 markers. This allows simultaneous genotyping of 3-4 loci in a single PCR reaction. These multiplex kits are available for use in the study of genetic polymorphism of species Prunus domestica L
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SHINE AND POVERTY OF VIRTUAL REALITY
Description
The article briefly discusses the following questions. The classic definition of virtual reality systems. Effects of virtual reality: effects of the reality, presence, depersonalization (modification of consciousness), a modification of the consciousness of the user, virtualization, interests, goals, values, and motivations ("reals and virtuals"). The criteria of reality in various forms of consciousness and their application in virtual reality. Virtual reality systems and criteria of reality, the principles of equivalence (relativity) of Galileo and Einstein and the criteria for virtual reality. The virtual device I / o. The author's definition of virtual reality systems. Dreaming, hypnagogic state, and virtual reality. Augmented reality and augmented virtuality. The modification of consciousness and the consciousness of the user in virtual reality. Consideration of future and pathological changed forms of consciousness that arise in systems with intelligent interfaces. Observance of moral norms in virtual reality and the consequences of failure. The risk of effects of virtual reality and the need for serious scientific study. The transfer of knowledge and skills from virtual reality to true. The transfer of knowledge and skills from virtual reality to true. Mechanisms of formation of models of the true and the virtual reality of man and the principles of their correct and meaningful interpretation. Principles and perspectives correct meaningful interpretation of the subjective (virtual) models of the physical and social reality formed by the human consciousness. The application of virtual reality systems. There is also a test for understanding of virtual reality
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ASC-ANALYSIS OF THE DEPENDENCE OF PAYMENTS TO EMPLOYEES OF AIC FROM THEIR CHARACTERISTICS
Description
The creation of artificial intelligence systems is one of important and perspective directions of development of modern information technology. As there are many alternatives to artificial intelligence systems, there is a need to evaluate mathematical models of these systems. In this work, we consider a solution of the problem of identifying classes of levels of pay of employees on their characteristics. To achieve this goal, it requires free access to test the source data and methodology, which will help to convert the data into the form needed for work in artificial intelligence systems. A good choice is the databases from the site: http://allexcel.ru/gotovyetablitsy-excel-besplatno. In this work, we have used the database called "The database table of employees, payments calculation". The most reliable in this application was the model of the INF4 based on semantic appropriate measure of information of A. Kharkevich with integral criteria of "Amount of knowledge". The accuracy of the model is 0.960, which is much higher than the reliability of expert evaluations, which is equal to about 70%. To assess the reliability of the models in the ACS-analysis and the system called "Eidos" we have used F-criterion of van Ritbergen and fuzzy multiclass generalization proposed by Professor E. V. Lutsenko
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