№ 135(1), January, 2018
Public date: 31.01.2018
Archive of journal: Articles count 17, 46 kb
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
INFLUENCE OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF TILLAGE ON THE MOISTURE OF THE PRO-CESSED LAYER
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
Currently in the South of Russia, the most acute problem of accumulation and preservation of productive moisture in arable layer of soil. This fact has a decisive influence on the yield of agricultural crops. The need to study the dynamics of accumulation of moisture of the treated soil due to the fact that at the first stage of development plants are very sensitive to moisture content in the rooting zone of the soil. Practically the regulation of the moisture content of the processed layer may correct the influence of soil tillage aggregates with different types of working bodies. The work was performed in FSRI of the «ASC «Donskoy» (Zernograd, Rostov area), in the conditions of stationary experience (4,3 ha), 2013-2015, where explores various technologies of soil treatment, including no treatment. To obtain comparable results the same selected set (rotation) of crops (winter wheat, spring barley, pea, vapor). As a result of researches it is established that on steam background (76,1-46,2 mm) content of productive moisture is more than two times higher than on other backgrounds (of 30,6-46,2 mm). This allows us to talk about the effectiveness of the fallow field from the point of view of accumulation of moisture. The analysis of statistical data allows making a conclusion about the impact of crops on the dynamics of productive moisture. On the other hand, the rating statistics of the received data with backgrounds treated with different technologies did not allow to find significant advantages to any of them, as the area under the curve ROС analysis does not exceed the value of 0,6. Therefore, the studied backgrounds in the period of the research have equal influence on the moisture content of the treated soil layer
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
Processes and machines of Agro-engineering systems with good reason can be considered as complex multiparameter natural and technical systems. In these systems there are numerous and diverse physical, chemical and biological processes. On the one hand, these processes have a significant impact on the performance of these systems. On the other hand, they are extremely difficult to describe in the form of meaningful analytical models based on equations. As a result, the development of meaningful analytical models is associated with a large number of simplifying assumptions that reduce the validity of these models. However, mathematical modeling of processes and machines of Agro-engineering systems is necessary for the development of both their designs and application technologies. Thus, there is a problem that is proposed to be solved with the use of phenomenological information and cognitive models. These models are based on the theory of information and describe the simulated system purely externally as a "black box", but it is meaningful. System-cognitive models can be built directly on the basis of empirical data using the intellectual system called "Eidos". This is done by model technology and methodology and is much less time-consuming and much faster than the development of meaningful analytical models. On the other hand, phenomenological system-cognitive models can be sufficient to determine rational design features and parameters of processes and machines of Agro-engineering systems. In addition, such phenomenological models can be considered as a first step in the development of meaningful analytical models. A numerical example is given
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MECHANIZATION PRODUCTION PROCESSES STRATEGY OF HIGH QUALITY WHEAT GRAIN +)
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
The production system analysis of high-quality winter wheat grain was done and the problem solution methods based on mechanization production processes strategy through a new generation of equipment and innovative improvement of machine technologies were outlined. Deterioration of grain quality indicators in the country was marked: the proportion of strong wheat is not more than 0.5% of commodity grain resources, and about 80% of exportable parties is wheat of 4...5 classes. Thus, it is possible due to the process mechanization to raise the grain quality. A well-known method of functional-cost analysis was applied to ground machine technological operations, which are the first to be developed in order to improve the wheat quality in the entire technological system, the demand for which is reduced abroad. The basic technological principles of production of high-quality grain were designed. They have three subsystems: the structure of the wheat varieties for the agricultural producer, the previous crops for wheat, features of cultivation technology of valuable varieties on the basis of intelligent manufacturing systems machines. The mechanization of high quality grain production processes was proposed. It can provide engine technology improvement due to rational composition machine-tractor units of new generation. They allow abandoning the outdated usual items of machinery used in their system and dramatically raise labor productivity due to the combination of operations, quality of work, yield and reduce costs. The features of mechanization on harvesting and post-harvest grain refinement are reflected with the aim of improving its quality. Applied to various forms of management, intellectual grain sorting means of mechanization recommended, which contribute to an increase in wheat quality. The impact of "neveika" technology with the completion of a heap at the stationary place on the grain quality improvement was marked
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USE OF MECHANICAL CLEANING AND COLOR SORTING OF SEED GRAIN AND CORN COBS IN MODERN TECHNOLOGIES
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
Special aspects of grain heap and corn cobs trapping by modern mechanisms and plants with photoelements have been considered, also the main ways of their functional developing are disclosed
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ANALYSIS METHODS TO INCREASE THE CHARGING VOLTAGE OF THE ALTERNATOR
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
The article considers the problem of insufficient charging voltage during the joint operation of the battery and alternator. A comparative analysis of the proposed ways of increasing the charging voltage of the generator
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STUDY OF THE SHOCK PULSE IN EDGES OF THE PLANETARY DRUM OF A THRESHING DEVICE OF THE GRAIN MASS
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
One of the factors of the destruction of the bonds of grain with the hit when threshing the bread mass with a shock-vibrating threshing device is the impact of the roll edge on the bread mass. The very word "blow" without a clarifying supplement can have various meanings associated with various branches of science. Its meaning expresses the idea of a sudden fact; although in different branches of knowledge it is not identified. We have considered only certain aspects of the physical impact associated with the impact of the working organs of machines and the material being processed. The article presents a study of the impact pulse of a threshing device on bread mass. To reveal the essence of phenomena when a working organ is impacted by grain, a graph analytical method is used. Dependences allowing determining the impact pulse of the milk roll edge on the bread mass, geometric and kinematic parameters of the threshing device are obtained, and also can be used to determine the energy costs
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PERSPECTIVE OF USING KRASNOSTOPS OF THE ANAPA STATION SELECTION IN THE WINE-MAKING
Description
Currently, more and more popular in the world are indigenous grape varieties. Now in Russia and abroad there is a growing interest in Krasnostops - a high quality indigenous red grape varieties of technical direction. The object of research was the red technical grape variety called Krasnostop Anapa and Krasnostop AZOS, grown in Anapa ampelocalamus and wine from them. As a control, we used two classic grape varieties of varying degrees of saturation in color and extract content of the wines of Cabernet Sauvignon and Saperavi. The article presents the materials of years of research – agrobiological, technological and economic indicators of technical grades of grapes of selection of the Anapa station – Krasnostop Anapa and Krasnostop AZOS. The amount of anthocyanins in wine from Anapa Krasnostops has superior data for these components in the control options. The mass concentration of phenolic substances and their monomer forms in wine materials of grape varieties Krasnostop AZOS and Krasnostop Anapsky is higher than in the quality control of red wines-Cabernet Sauvignon, which indicates a high accumulation of phenolic substances in new grape varieties. In the years of the study of Krasnostop AZOS and Krasnostop Anapsky on organoleptic properties of wine has received good performance - and of 8.78 8.73 points. The brands of wines developed on their basis will fill up a number of high-quality table and liqueur red wines in the Russian market. These grapes have high potential and great prospects in the light of the global trend of their use in winemaking. All this allows to recommend these grades for wide introduction into production in the southern wine-growing regions of Russia
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SELECTION OF HIGH-PRODUCTIVE MEDIUM HYBRIDES OF CORN
Description
In the article, we show the results of researches on creation of a material with a fast return of moisture at ripening of a grain are resulted. The general (ACS) and specific (SCS) combinational ability of new corn lines was determined. A promising material has been identified for further work in the field of rapid release of moisture to grain during maturation
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Description
The work presents results of the study of Cupressocyparis Leylandii J. and Thuja L. varieties in the conditions of the Kuban zone of horticulture of the Krasnodar region on the main adaptive features: winter hardiness, drought resistance, resistance to common diseases, and decorative features. The aim of the research was to identify the most adaptive and highly decorative varieties of Cupressocyparis and Thuja in the conditions of increasing abiotic and biotic stresses and to form an adaptive and promising assortment of coniferous plants for the conditions of the south Russia's gardening. The results of a complex assessment of 6 introduced varieties Cupressocyparis Leylandii J. and 12 varieties of Thuja L. are presented. The varietal features of adaptability and decorativeness was established in specific growth conditions, which made it possible to identify the most adaptive, combining resistance to temperature stresses (drought-resistant, winter-hardy), major diseases and pests in combination with high decorative indices (architectonics of the crown, color of needles, vitality, decorative period). These are Cupressocyparis Leylandii J. varieties: Leightons Green, Variegata, Gold Rider; and Thuja L. varieties: Degroots Spire, Mini Smaragd, Atrovirens, Dura, Brabant, Can-Can, which showed a high adaptation to the weather and climatic conditions of the southern region in combination with decorativeness, recommended for the extension of the assortment of coniferous plants and creation of garden landscapes in the conditions of the south of Russia
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Description
The generalized long-term experience on creation of base of Queen cells in grape varieties, improved in vitro culture, on the sandy array of Ust-Donetsk district of Rostov region. Problems frequently encountered on sandy soils and ways of their solution are shown. We focus on: rehabilitation of the landing of plants of grapes in the conditions of greenhouses, open ground, the optimum time and methods of planting. The work shows the effectiveness of different dressings and types of fertilizers, influence of drugs of new generation, affected the uterine protection of plantations from pests and disease, deep sandy soils freezing in winter, especially the development of root system of different varieties. On the basis of generalization of long-term data, we suggest the most appropriate solutions, and developed technology bookmarks and conducting basic queen cells from healthy in vitro planting material of grapes in the sandy array
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