№ 136(2), February, 2018
Public date: 28.02.2018
Archive of journal: Articles count 16, 52 kb
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
PARAMETERS OF CORN PREPARATION VALVE MILT
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
The purpose of this study is to determine the basic geometric parameters and the kinematic mode of operation of a roll mill intended for threshing corn cobs at the selection stage. Currently, for the threshing of the corn cobs on seeds at the selection stage, disk threshers of the type MKD-M are used in most cases. These devices practically do not injure the seeds, but it can reach 7-8%. In this case, the cob should be re-threshed, which significantly reduces productivity. One of the promising ways to increase the productivity of threshing corn cobs at the selection stage, while maintaining the minimum level of seed crushing, is the use of roller threshing devices. But there are no commercially available corn roller grinders to date. There are only prototypes. One of the most important requirements for corn threshers is the complete exclusion of seed mixing during the change of the treated cobs. Taking into account that the nomenclature of processed breeding numbers can include hundreds of titles, self-cleaning of working organs is extremely necessary to reduce manual labor costs. We have developed an experimental sample of a roller thresher with two horizontally arranged working elements, which showed a high quality of cob threshing in the course of prospecting studies. In the proposed design of the thresher, the problem of self-cleaning of working organs is absent. To determine the basic parameters of the roll mill, which ensures high quality of the cob threshing, we have conducted a full-factor experiment. The following factors were used as controlled factors: diameter of working elements (rolls) and rotation speed of their rotation. The remaining parameters of the grind were justified on the basis of our previous studies of the operation of corn threshers of various types. The criterion of optimization was the crushing of grain, and the quality of the restriction was used such an indicator as a grain of grain. The material for research was the cobs of the Krasnodar hybrid 425 MV. As a result of the studies, the following optimal parameters of the corn selection thresher were established: roll diameter - 152 mm; rotational speed of rollers - 767 min-1; the minimum clearance between rollers is 6 mm: the height of the protrusion of the working surface of the threshing roll is 10 mm
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
Sulphitation of semiproducts of sugar production has a significant influence on the course of processes in the refining of both sugar beet and cane sugar. The insufficient degree of adsorption of sulfurous anhydride has a negative impact on the environment as well as on the technical staff, if it gets into production premises, caused not so much by contingencies, but by shortcomings in the equipment used. In the article, we describe the main types of constructions of sulphitation devices used in the sugar industry, their drafts are shown, their advantages and disadvantages are considered
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USE OF RADIOACTIVE AGROBIOTECHNOLOGIES IN STORING AND PROCESSING OF PLANT MATERIALS
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
The article analyzes the patented in different countries methods of using of the ionizing radiation in processes of storing and processing of plant materials. Description of nature of the radioactive treatment and the ionizing radiation is given; examples of possible sources of the ionizing radiation are listed. Advantages and disadvantages of the radioactive treatment are shown. The patent search in databases of the WIPO was carried out. Patents, registered in countries like Korea, China, Japan, etc., were analyzed. Methods, realization of which allows sterilizing of material and increasing its storing period, and also improving its processing, were systematized. The carried out survey of the patent documentation revealed, that at the present time there is quite a number of methods of using of the ionizing radiation in storing and processing of plant materials, which can be explained by the fact, that irradiation allows to solve quite effectively a number of important tasks, such as sterilizing the material and modifying chemical substances in its content. In the article it is also shown, that, nevertheless, issues of safety and quality of irradiated products have not yet been fully resolved. In the end, the conclusion was made about the relevance of further research in this field
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OPTIMIZATION OF THE GEOMETRICAL SIZES AND KINEMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A SCREW CUTTING DEVICE
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
The article presents the results of optimization of the angle of inclination and pitch of the cutting segment, the frequency of rotation of the screw when cutting stems of crops of different biometric characteristics of the proposed screw cutting device
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THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF A CYLINDRICAL PLOW FLOOR BOARD
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
The article considers the dependencies of the constructive parameters of the field board in the form of a cylindrical drum on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. Expressions have been obtained for calculating the radius of the cylinder, as well as the size of the arm for installing the cylinder relative to the sock of the field board. The limits of the use of field boards data on the hulls of plows
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EXPERT METHOD OF FACTOR ANALYSIS OF OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY OF COMBINE HARVESTERS
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
The article reveals the main empirical factors that increase the efficiency of technological systems of grain harvesting. The work shows interrelation and subordination of empirical factors in the practice of operational reliability of grain harvesters, which underlies scientific research. We have defined the basic (key empirical factors) that allowed to develop a conceptual model (paradigm) research. The article reveals a technique, establishing the rules of application of the method of expert assessments to identify organizational and technical factors that have the most significant impact on improving the reliability of grain harvesters
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AUTOMATED SYSTEM-COGNITIVE ANALYSIS IN AGRONOMY
Description
Agronomy systems with good reason can be considered as complex multiparameter natural and technical systems. In these systems, there are numerous and diverse physical, chemical and biological processes. On the one hand, these processes have a significant impact on the performance of these systems. On the other hand, they are extremely difficult to be described in the form of meaningful analytical models based on equations. As a result, the development of meaningful analytical models is associated with a large number of simplifying assumptions that reduce the validity of these models. Usually we consider linear univariate models for agronomic systems, whereas practices are necessary for nonlinear multiparameter models. Thus, we face the problem proposed to be solved by the application of a phenomenological meaningful systemic cognitive models. These models are created using automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) using the intellectual system called "Eidos" directly based on empirical data and used for the decision of tasks of forecasting, decision support and research of the modeled subject area. In this case, empirical data can be large, incomplete (fragmented), noisy, presented in different types of measuring scales (nominal, ordinal and numerical) and in different units of measurement. The comparability of the processing of heterogeneous data is ensured by the fact that they are all converted into units of measurement of the amount of information. A numerical example has been given
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RESULTS OF THE CHERRY BREEDING ON FRUIT QUALITY IN THE LOWER VOLGA REGION
Description
In cherry breeding aimed to improve fruit quality, methods of intervarietal, interspecific and remote hybridization are often used. As a result of the conducted studies, new promising cherry varieties of different maturation period, developed in the conditions of the Lower Volga region by the method of remote ecologic-genetic hybridization using the best local varieties, were studied. The most effective crosses are those developed with use of high-quality cherry forms Zhukovskaya and Podbelskaya. According to the aggregate parameters of fruit quality (dry matter content, sugar-acid index), the following varieties were positively identified: Temnookrashennaya, Dubovochka, Lydia, Rozovaya, Lyubimitsa, Coloritnaya, Korneevskaya, Loznovskaya, Afina, Sharada, Lexema. The content of vitamin C - Temnookrashennaya, Lydia, Coloritnaya, Rozovaya, Lexema. Varieties Temnookrashennaya, Lydia, Coloritnaya, Rozovaya, Lexema are offered for use in the canning industry
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Description
The article presents results of the research on the chemical composition of cognac wine materials, distillates and aged alcohols from the varieties of the Magarach Pervenets and Rice of different sugar content grown in the Taman agroecological zone. The influence of the initial sugar content on the chemical composition, physicochemical parameters and organoleptic evaluation, as well as the correlation of soil-climatic conditions and varietal features on the composition of cognac distillates, is shown. Soil analyzes were carried out at the FGBIC Anapskaya ZOSViV SKZNIISiV with the use of the latest equipment by conventional methods of determining indicators of soil characteristics. The purpose of the research is to give a detailed description of the site under study, as well as to identify the boundaries of the ecological macrozone for cultivating cognac varieties of grapes. In the course of the research it was clarified that for the selection and evaluation of raw zones of cognac production, it is necessary to take into account the optimal soil and climatic parameters for obtaining high-quality cognac raw materials
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INFLUENCE OF A WAY OF PROCESSING OF THE SOIL ON EFFICIENCY OF SUNFLOWER
Description
This article discusses the results of a study to determine the impact of different primary tillage to sunflower yield. The task of the research was to determine the impact of primary tillage in the agrophysical and agrochemical soil properties. It has been established that the content of productive moisture during the growing period in 0-100 cm soil layer does not depend on the method of processing. Surface treatment of the soil did not have negative effects on soil properties and its agrophysical structure in comparison with moldboard ploughing. . When dump processing improves the density of the soil, accumulates more moisture in the autumn winter period, reduces the weediness of sunflower perennial weeds. Productivity in contaminated areas increases by 3.3 - 5.4 c / ha. On weed-free crops, the yield increased by 2.5 - 3.5 c / ha, due to the improvement of the physical parameters of the soil
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