№ 136(2), February, 2018
Public date: 28.02.2018
Archive of journal: Articles count 16, 52 kb
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06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionThis article is devoted to the study of the species structure of helminths of the American mink, raccoon and wolf, conducted from 2006 to 2017. The study was subjected to 69 corpses of American mink - 30 of reed-bed, 22 flat, 17 of the Piedmont; 42 dead raccoon to 21 of the foothill and mountain; 24 corpse of the wolf - 8 from overflow land, foothill and mountain landscape-geographical zones of the Northwest Caucasus. The analysis of the results of the study showed that the determining factor in the formation of helminthocenoses of American mink, raccoon and wolf is the species structure of trophic-epizootic chains, the links of which are these predators, as well as species that act as intermediate, additional and reservoir hosts. Feature of helminthiases in carnivorous mammals is determined by a group of fodder. A dynamic increase in the number of species in the structure of helminthocenoses of American mink, raccoon and wolf was established, which is due to the anthropogenic transformation of natural ecosystems, violation of historical biotic relationships, including in the "parasite-host" system. The analyzed species of wild carnivores are involved in the support and formation of natural foci of such hazardous parasites as metros, Alaris, pseudamphistomum, mesocestoides, echinococcosis, trichinosis, dirofilariosis
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06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionCurrently, in the Krasnodar region the indicators of cow productivity are steadily increasing. This was facilitated by two factors: the improvement of animal genetics and the introduction of innovations in technology. Novoplastunovskoe is one of the first farms, which paid much attention to a significant change in the technology of dairy cattle. Work began with the construction of barns "light type" with walls in the form of opening curtains for the American project. The premises are equipped with "boxes" for individual rest of animals with bedding in the form of sand; automatic heated water logs; on the roof there is a transparent skate, providing an increase in lighting and additional ventilation; ceiling fans and additional water sprinklers are installed to regulate the microclimate. The milking parlor is equipped with high-tech equipment and is integrated with the Israeli computer program “AfiFarm”. Research was carried out on an estimation of zoohygienic conditions in the winter and summer periods; the technology of processing and clearing sand - bedding for animals is studied; the interior and exterior characteristics of the cows of the Ayrshire and Holstein breeds adapted to the new conditions have been determined; with the help of the computer program “AfiFarm”, the dynamics of single and daily milk yields, the content of fat and protein in milk; calculated economic indicators of milk production from different breeds of animals
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THE SPREAD OF COLIBACTERIOSIS OF PIGS IN THE KRASNODAR REGION
06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionThe article presents data on the prevalence of colibacillosis of pigs in farms of the Krasnodar region in the period 2010-2016. Colibacillosis is widespread in pig farms of the Krasnodar region. In different years, it was recorded at 32.6 - 55.6% of bacterial infectious diseases of pigs. And only in 2013-2014, in farms of the region colibacillosis was not registered. Among the bacterial pathology, colibacillosis in pigs in the farms of the Krasnodar region is in the first place after staphyloccocus (3 - 15 %), streptoccocus (2-13,7 %), and diseases caused by conditionally pathogenic microflora (17,9-20 %). In the Krasnodar region, we annually allocate different serotypes of E. Coli that vary depending on areas and farms, however, regularly in pigs in the Krasnodar region there are the following serotypes: A8, О20, О119, О26, О86 in Bryukhovetskiy, Dinskoy, Kalininskiy, Korenovskiy, Kurganinskiy, Kushchevskaiy, Labinskiy regions of the Krasnodar territory. According to the reports of outbreaks, colibacillosis in pigs for several years were recorded in the Central, Korenovskiy, Kushchevskaya, Labinskiy, Primorsko-Akhtarskiy, Seversky, Slavyanskiy, Tbilisskiy, Timashevskiy, Ust-Labinskiy districts of the Krasnodar region and in the city of Krasnodar. After 2013-2014, after the total absence of the disease in the region, there were reported outbreaks in 2015 in some farms in the Timashevskiy district, and in 2016 – in Kurganinskiy
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THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF A CYLINDRICAL PLOW FLOOR BOARD
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe article considers the dependencies of the constructive parameters of the field board in the form of a cylindrical drum on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. Expressions have been obtained for calculating the radius of the cylinder, as well as the size of the arm for installing the cylinder relative to the sock of the field board. The limits of the use of field boards data on the hulls of plows
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HORMONAL INDUCTION OF THE STAGE OF EXCITATION OF THE SEXUAL CYCLE IN COWS AND HEIFERS
06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionThe article gives mechanisms of the influence of the main sex hormones on the sexual cycle of cows and heifers and the effectiveness of their insemination. The effectiveness of gonadotropin preparations releasing hormone, prostaglandin and progesterone, used to induce sexual hunting, was studied. The use of combined use of hormones and prostaglandins is effective for synchronizing sexual hunting, regardless of the stage of the sexual cycle on which healthy animals can be at the time of their administration. The reasons for the retention of the yellow body in the ovary are very diverse. The results of the studies indicate that a particularly close relationship exists between the yellow body and the uterus
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BIOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF GOLSHTINSKY YOUTH OF AUSTRALIAN SELECTION
06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionThe article presents results of a comparative study of the experimental groups of Holstein animals belonging to the Reflection Sovering line: four groups of repair calves and four groups of bull-calves. The peculiarities of their growth and development were studied at higher daily rates of drinking milk and early training of experimental animals to plant feeds with a probiotic supplement of cellobacterins in the milk period. The technology of growing the animals of the experimental groups had differences: I-control group - up to 6 months of age was grown according to the traditional technology for farming: 200 kg of milk (for 50 days) and 400 kg of return (from 50 to 110 days), concentrated feeds consisted of starter feed (50%) and (50%) maize, the same amount of concentrated feed and the same composition was obtained by calves from experimental groups; II-test group - up to 6 months of age received an increased amount of milk (for 25 days) - 200 kg and 400 kg of return (from 25 to 60 days); animals of the III-rd experimental group - up to 6-month-old age received an increased rate of milk drinking (for 50 days) - 450 kg and return (from 50 to 110 days): heifers - 600, bulls -800kg. Animals of the IV-experimental group-up to 6 months of agereceived an increased rate of milking (for 60 days) - 450 kg and return (from 60 to 120 days): heifers - 600, bulls -800 kg. The calves of all experimental groups were fed a probiotic preparation of cellobacterin in an amount of 3 g for each animal up to 18 months of age. The live weight changed significantly depending on the age and the level of feeding of the experimental animals. The use in the feeding of calves of experimental groups of increased daily average milk yields and the addition of a probiotic to cellobacterin in the diet positively influenced the growth and development of experimental young animals, promoted a more intensive increase in live weight
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionSulphitation of semiproducts of sugar production has a significant influence on the course of processes in the refining of both sugar beet and cane sugar. The insufficient degree of adsorption of sulfurous anhydride has a negative impact on the environment as well as on the technical staff, if it gets into production premises, caused not so much by contingencies, but by shortcomings in the equipment used. In the article, we describe the main types of constructions of sulphitation devices used in the sugar industry, their drafts are shown, their advantages and disadvantages are considered
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EXPERT METHOD OF FACTOR ANALYSIS OF OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY OF COMBINE HARVESTERS
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe article reveals the main empirical factors that increase the efficiency of technological systems of grain harvesting. The work shows interrelation and subordination of empirical factors in the practice of operational reliability of grain harvesters, which underlies scientific research. We have defined the basic (key empirical factors) that allowed to develop a conceptual model (paradigm) research. The article reveals a technique, establishing the rules of application of the method of expert assessments to identify organizational and technical factors that have the most significant impact on improving the reliability of grain harvesters
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USE OF RADIOACTIVE AGROBIOTECHNOLOGIES IN STORING AND PROCESSING OF PLANT MATERIALS
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe article analyzes the patented in different countries methods of using of the ionizing radiation in processes of storing and processing of plant materials. Description of nature of the radioactive treatment and the ionizing radiation is given; examples of possible sources of the ionizing radiation are listed. Advantages and disadvantages of the radioactive treatment are shown. The patent search in databases of the WIPO was carried out. Patents, registered in countries like Korea, China, Japan, etc., were analyzed. Methods, realization of which allows sterilizing of material and increasing its storing period, and also improving its processing, were systematized. The carried out survey of the patent documentation revealed, that at the present time there is quite a number of methods of using of the ionizing radiation in storing and processing of plant materials, which can be explained by the fact, that irradiation allows to solve quite effectively a number of important tasks, such as sterilizing the material and modifying chemical substances in its content. In the article it is also shown, that, nevertheless, issues of safety and quality of irradiated products have not yet been fully resolved. In the end, the conclusion was made about the relevance of further research in this field
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OPTIMIZATION OF THE GEOMETRICAL SIZES AND KINEMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A SCREW CUTTING DEVICE
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe article presents the results of optimization of the angle of inclination and pitch of the cutting segment, the frequency of rotation of the screw when cutting stems of crops of different biometric characteristics of the proposed screw cutting device