№ 137(3), March, 2018
Public date: 30.03.2018
Archive of journal: Articles count 15, 44 kb
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06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionThe article considers the application of Eidos intellectual technologies for implementation of developed veterinary and medical diagnostics statistical tests without programming in the convenient form for the individual and mass testing, the analysis of the results and development of the individual and group recommendations. It is possible to merge several tests in one supertest
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Description
In the article, following the results of the first rotation of crop rotation, we consider results of researches on influence of technologies of cultivation of crops of various degree of intensification in a link of field crop rotation on change of the content in arable layer of the black leached soil of one of the main indicators of fertility of the soil – general humus. Determination of the total humus content in the soil layer 0-20 cm under winter wheat cultivated after sugar beet, corn for grain and sunflower ranged in terms of technology options from 3.02 to 3.72 %. Application of organic fertilizers for sugar beet on the variants of the studied technologies, in order to simulate soil fertility levels, from 200 to 600 t/ha and their intermediate application to this crop with a norm of 30 to 120 t/ha contributed, regardless of the method of basic tillage, to an increase in the humus content in the soil from 3.38 to 3.65 %. In the future, as crops rotate in the link of crop rotation, within five years there was a drop in the total humus content in the arable layer according to the variants of the experiment from 0.09 to 0.21 %. Intensification of technologies, increase of crop productivity in the link of crop rotation contributed to the annual loss of humus by 0.02-0.04%. When applying the same average and high standards of organic fertilizers, humus content in the arable layer did not fall below the initial levels of soil fertility and was 3.25 – 3.44 %. This contributed to the maintenance of the total humus content, and therefore, the preservation of soil fertility compared with options where organic fertilizers were not used. It is established that at cultivation of field crops on technologies with application of the non – oval system of processing of the soil, the content of the General humus in a layer of the soil of 0-20 sm averaged 3,39 %. Application in the technologies of soil plowing reduced humus content in the soil to 3.30%, which was inferior to options with non-oval tillage by 0.09%. With the alternation in the rotation surface of the main processing of the soil under cereals and moldboard tilled under (ie recommended system primary tillage) were lost to 0.012% of humus per year, while in the technologies with annual moldboard with side effects of deep loosening tillage, dehumification was of 0.027% per year. In the process of researches it is established that the cultivation of crops in crop rotation on environmentally acceptable technologies with application of the average rate of organic fertilizers on the background recommended for the Central zone of the Krasnodar region the main processing system contributes more to the preservation of humus in the soil compared to extensive technology (control) to 0.04 % and 0.06 – 0.07 percent when using this technology on the background of moldboard and subsurface tillage treatments of the soil
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DYNAMICS OF EGG PRODUCTION IN CHICKENS OF VARIOUS BREEDS OF BIORESOURCE COLLECTIONS
06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionThe production of eggs is one of the most important indicators of the productivity of poultry, including chickens The main purpose of breeding chickens in the collections of genetic resources - conservation of genetic diversity. The chickens from the collection of genetic resources it is also possible to receive products, for example, in the form of eggs. The account of the egg productivity of the chickens showed that the intensity of egg production varies among representatives of different directions of productivity. The most stable egg-laying was possessed by chickens of breeds New Hampshire, Black Australian, Dutch white. These breeds are bred as breeds of egg direction of productivity. But they are characterized by long downturns in egg production, lasting more than 7 days. Chickens of meat direction by stable, but low intensity of egg production. All the chickens had a short period For all chickens a short period is characteristic, when the egg-laying is kept at a certain level. It is 30-40 days, after which there is a gradual decrease in this indicator. Such a high level of genetic diversity in egg production in gene pool makes it possible to use this bird as a model object for studying its features
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MONITORING OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF ENTEROBACTERIA
06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionRelative to the emergence and wide extension of an antibiotic resistance in infectious agents of animal infectious diseases, the particularly important assessment increases over change of sensitivity of various groups of microorganisms to anti-infective drugs. Results of studying antibiotic sensitivity of the enterobacteria isolated from an intestine of sick calves, and dynamics of its change within three years are presented in article. Results of the research demonstrate prevalence of resistance to the majority of anti-infective drugs (AID) among the Enterobacteriaceae isolates emitted from calfs. To chloramphenicol, neomycin and streptomycin from 100% of isolates E. coli, Proteus, Enterobacter, Morganella, Citrobacter were sensitivity. From AID of group of aminoglycosides gentamycin, from group of quinolones – enrofloxacin was the most effective. The good sensitivity to a polymyxin was shown to 80 % of isolates E. coli, Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. It was established that 66,7 % of E. coli isolates, 57,1 % of Enterobacter spp., 75 % of Morganella, 60 % of Edwardsiella, 42,9 % of Citrobacter spp., allocated from sick calfs, has fastness to 7 AID. At the same time to other AID of a series the appreciable number of multiresistant strains shows weak sensitivity. The tendency of augmentation of number of antibiotic resistance isolates to AID which are widely applied in veterinary practice as time passed. High frequency of the combined resistance to traditionally used antibiotic drugs – to kanamycin (up to 80 %), to tetracycline (up to 85 %) and to chloramphenicol (up to 8 3%) testifies to need of obligatory test for sensitivity to AID before their use
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PROCESS OPTIMIZATION OF POULTRY BIOLOGICAL WASTE TRANSPORTATION
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionPressure mode compressed-air installation use that allows transfer of biological poultry wastes was based on the investigation of agricultural cargo hauling equipment. The installation includes a compressor with a receiver, a conduit, a cork forming section, a valve and a reservoir. As a result of using the installation the energy intensity and consumption of the process are reduced during the transportation of the material, labor costs are reduced and the issue of environmental protection is resolved. To optimize the working process of the compressed-air installation, the volume of the blow-off boiler, the length and diameter of the pipeline were determined. It was established that the most important technological parameter of the installation, which is productivity, depends on its design parameters and physical and mechanical properties of the initial material. The determining influence on the performance is the air pressure and the speed of product movement. The required air pressure is regulated by the compressor, and the speed of transportation is due to the design parameters of the installation and the physical and mechanical properties of the material. These aspects are taken into account in this project for process optimization of the poultry biological waste transportation
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Description
In conditions of field and laboratory experiments, there were learned particular properties of vegetative reproduction of raspberry varieties. During the experiment, there were used Scromnitza, Glen Ample, Miraj varieties. In field conditions, there were made phenological accounts, also there were made biochemical observations of quality markers of fruits of observed raspberry varieties, based on department of laboratory of pomology of Kuban SAU. Optimal correlation of common sugars and acids, which define fruit tastes, seen on raspberry variety Glen Ample. Maximal amount of planting stocks obtained at reproduction of root stems with a more than 5 mm diameter. Glen Ample had the biggest (in comparison with other varieties) result of output amount of daughter plants. According to commercial – attractable level, raspberry varieties arranged in increasing order: Scromnitza, Miraj, Glen Ample. During the assessment of winter hardiness (based on degree of harming generative buds by frosts), Miraj was positively underlined
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06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionThis article is devoted to a comprehensive survey of parasitocenosis in 5 peasant farms content 1156 birds, 8 species of chickens, the minimum number in a separate farm was -26 birds, maximum -535. This is the first publication in which the material on helminthocenosis is presented as an integral part of parasitocenosis of individual bird species (intensity of infestation, extensiveness of infestation, associative groupings). The rest of the material on mites, puffers, and bloodsuckers, coccidia, histomonads, microfauna, will be presented in the next publications
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DISPERSAL OF COLIBACILLOSIS IN PIGS AND THE WAY OF ITS SPECIFIC PROPHYLAXIS
06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionOne of the most widespread infections affecting newborn pigs is colibacillosis. The set of factors contributes to the development of this disease: non-compliance with elementary veterinary health regulations of conducting pig-breeding, an error in technologies of contents and feeding, stressful situations, and as a result, emergence of the specific factors contributing to illness emergence (dysbacterioses, activation of conditionally pathogenic microflora). In addition, not always specific prophylaxis of colibacillosis is in due time and successfully carried out that is generally bound to disharmony of antigenic composition vaccine drug and originator of the pathogenic potential. In this connection, use of new agents and ways of improvement of prophylaxis of colibacillosis for pigs is represented a current problem in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this work was studying diffusion of colibacillosis among bacterial infections of pigs and establishment preventive efficiency of colibacillosis anatoxin at vaccination the pregnant pigs. Dispersal of colibacillosis was studied in a complex with use the epizootological, anamnestic, clinical, pathologicoanatomic, bacteriological methods of research and also on basis materials the veterinary reports of economy. Allocation of microorganisms was carried out with use differential and diagnostic, selective mediums, identification − with use of traditional methods of bacteriological diagnostics, on the basis cultural, the tinktorial and biochemical properties. Researches showed what colibacillosis at pigs is registered in 37,5-51,4% of cases and wins first place among infections of pigs of a bacterial etiology. When studying efficiency prophylaxis of colibacillosis with bacterination use the pregnant pigs anatoxin containing three types inactivated by formalin exotoxins of the Escherichia coli, have established decrease in indicators of incidence and lethality also high safety of pigs (96%) concerning Escherichia coli
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe aim of the research was to determine rational design parameters of a screw with variable step of press-extruder, which will allow to consider their physical condition and to obtain optimal density of sunflower cake, in loose and granular types for cattle on the basis of a psychological experiment or a priori ranking factors. Before the start of the study chose the factors that affect the density of sunflower meal. In the initial stage of studying the density of sunflower cake in addition to the analysis of the literature and previously obtained materials, we will conduct a psychological experiment or a priori ranking factors. Procedure of a psychological experiment was carried out in the following way. Each expert in the survey was asked to complete a form, in which were the factors, their dimensions and the anticipated intervals of variation. A specialist had to appoint the place of each factor and to include in the questionnaire other, not included into consideration factors or to express an opinion about the change of intershafts of variation. According to the survey we have calculated the coefficient of concordance and after it is evaluated determined by its significance for the Pearson criterion. After checking of the coefficient of concordance according to the Pearson criterion we have plotted rank distribution of factors influencing the density of sunflower oilcake by types, reflecting the collective opinion of experts. On the basis of the conducted expert assessment, the most significant factors affecting the density of sunflower cake, crumbled and granulated types are: (x1) the angle of taper of the screw (x2) step spiral auger 2, (X3) step revolution of the screw of the 1st winding. The proposed design parameters of the variable pitch screw press extruder can be attributed to the rational, since they allow not only to obtain the desired density of sunflower cake, in loose and granular types for cattle, but also to consider its physical and mechanical properties
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MECHANIZATION PRODUCTION PROCESSES STRATEGY OF HIGH QUALITY WHEAT GRAIN
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe article presents a production system analysis of high-quality winter wheat grain and the problem solution methods based on mechanization production processes strategy through a new generation of equipment and innovative improvement of machine technologies were outlined. Deterioration of grain quality indicators in the country was marked: the proportion of strong wheat is not more than 0.5% of commodity grain resources, and about 80% of exportable parties is wheat of 4...5 classes. Thus, it is possible due to the process mechanization to raise the grain quality. A well-known method of functional-cost analysis was applied to ground machine technological operations, which are the first to be developed in order to improve the wheat quality in the entire technological system, the demand for which is reduced abroad. The basic technological principles of production of high-quality grain were designed. They have three subsystems: the structure of the wheat varieties for the agricultural producer, the previous crops for wheat, features of cultivation technology of valuable varieties on the basis of intelligent manufacturing systems machines. The mechanization of high quality grain production processes was proposed. It can provide engine technology improvement due to rational composition machine-tractor units of new generation. They allow to abandon the outdated usual items of machinery used in their system and dramatically raise labor productivity due to the combination of operations, quality of work, yield and reduce costs. The features of mechanization on harvesting and post-harvest grain refinement are reflected with the aim of improving its quality. Applied to various forms of management, intellectual grain sorting means of mechanization recommended, which contribute to an increase in wheat quality. The impact of "neveika" technology with the completion of the heap at the stationary place on the grain quality improvement was marked