№ 138(4), April, 2018
Public date: 30.04.2018
Archive of journal: Articles count 13, 48 kb
-
TO THE QUESTION OF GRINDING ROUGHAGE IN A PRESSED FORM
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
The article has a classification of fodder shredders developed on the basis of the analysis of the existing technical means for the preparation of fodders. The constructive technological scheme of the grinder for coarse fodder in a pressed form is proposed. The results of experimental studies in solving the optimization problem-finding the optimal combination of constructive-technological factors of equipment are analyzed, in which a predetermined number of all types of feed will be produced with a higher quality. As optimization criteria, the following were chosen: energy intensity, material grinding time, weighted average particle length
-
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
The article presents the results of the research of the influence of preliminary treatment of garden beet roots with electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency on the loss of dry and biologically active substances, such as vitamin C and P-active substances, in the process of long term storage. Garden beet roots of Bordo 237 variety were the objects of research. The objects of research were stored for 7 months at a temperature of 0…+1° С and relative humidity of 90 %. Sampling was carried out every month during the entire storage period. The treatment with electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency was carried out using an experimental setup of our own assembly. As a result of the conducted research it is established, that the treatment of garden beet roots of Bordo 237 variety with electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency before dispatching into storage allows to decrease the losses of dry substances by 4,1 % by the end of the 7 months storage period, and also to decrease the losses of vitamin C by 14,8 % and P-active substances by 15,1 %. The data obtained can be used to develop new or improve existing technologies of garden beet roots storing
-
DEVICE FOR PRE-SAMPLE PROCESSING OF SOIL
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
The considerable share in prime cost of products of agricultural production is made, now, by power expenses. It promotes that the considerable attention is given power - both resource-saving to the equipment and technologies. Thus, the modern science is faced by a global task – creation of cars and tools of new generation, high-economic, highly productive, less power-intensive and metal-consuming. One of the most power-intensive processes of production of agricultural production is processing of the soil. In this article on the basis of numerous researches use of rotary motion of the soil-cultivating working body allowing to improve a design of tillage machines, to reduce metal consumption, power consumption, to increase quality of work is offered. In this article, we offer the device for preseeding processing of the soil on a frame of which the working bodies in the form of flat disks with sharpening working in the horizontal plane, but with the accounting of an angle of deepening of working body are in chessboard order established. Rotary motion which promotes fuller cutting of rhizomes of weed plants and to improvement of quality of preseeding processing of the soil is forcibly transferred to working bodies. Justification of the offered device, constructive and technological schemes of the tool, conclusions and offers are given in the article
-
RESOURCE - SAVING TECHNOLOGIES OF GROWING CORN IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN CISCAUCASIA
Description
In the article we consider various technologies of growing corn for grain with application of various backgrounds of soil fertility, fertilizer norms, system of plant protection from weeds, pests and diseases with the recommended soil cultivation
-
Description
The article presents the results of bio-energetic and economic evaluation of alternative technologies for cultivation of winter wheat, developed in long-term stationary experiments at Kuban State Agrarian University. We study the effect of four factors on the productivity of winter wheat, quality of soil, fertilizers system, systems of soil tillage and systems of protection. We have processed the data for 7 technologies in two rotations of 11 fields grain-grass crop rotation in the Central part of the Krasnodar region on leached black soil of plains of the agricultural landscape. We have established, in the first crop rotation, on the example of varieties of Batyka and Krasnodarskaya 99, that there were changes in costs of production, net profit and the cost of 1 centner of grain, depending on the technology, and the comparative evaluation of bioenergy impact of alternative technologies of winter wheat cultivation to consumption energy costs total energy. We have calculated ratio net of efficiency depending on the technology of cultivation of winter wheat. On the basis of economic and bioenergetic calculations for farms with different level of economy we have proposed an alternative technology: for economically strong, economically average, economically weak farms and for farms located in protected areas where is prohibited the use of chemicals. Thus, producers have a choice of alternative technologies of winter wheat, which will contribute to maximizing profits and obtaining competitive products
-
Description
Watermelon has great economic importance. The fruits have high nutritional and medicinal value, excellent taste, very healthy and are in great demand among the population. Soil and climatic conditions of the Temryuk district are favourable for growing watermelon. High yield and excellent fruit quality in the commercial led to the popularity of the Temryuk watermelon not only on the black sea coast, but also throughout Russia. The urgency of improving the assortment of the watermelon is increased competition among manufacturers, increasing consumer culture of the population, the increase in sales volumes, including due to the appearance on the market of varieties and hybrids of non-traditional colors of bark and pulp. The aim of our study was to establish the most adapted hybrids of watermelon of different segments, with high yield and marketability of fruits, which are promising for growing in the Temryuk district. Scientific novelty of our work lead to the research objects – new, recently created hybrids of watermelon, promising for cultivation in the Krasnodar region. The work has great practical significance, since on the basis of these studies identified promising hybrids of watermelon foreign seeds of various segments of the precocity, which with appropriate cultivation agrobiological and economic points of view
-
Description
Plants of winter wheat suppress weeds quite well, however, the use of herbicides is required, which prevents the new clogging up of soil. Under surface tillage it was observed a greater spread of weeds than under mold-board plowing. Introduction of the herbicide Lancelot regardless of ways of tillage has reduced this rate in 5.8 times. An important means of regulating of vital functions of soil microflora is tillage. 40% of all expenses ac-counted for the soil treatment required for cultivation of crops. Therefore it is important to study the effect of tillage on the course of microbiological processes in the upper 0-30 cm layer. The intensity of the decomposition of plant material by linen cloths method objectively reflects the status and activity of soil microflora. One of the signs of cultural soil condition is its ability of nitrification. Nitrification process is particularly slow in early spring, because this time the microbiological activity is weak because of low soil temperature. When the soil is progressing the number of nitrates increases and reaches its peak in summer, after that the process is fading. Studies have shown that under surface tillage, microbiological processes of decomposition of cellulose and the ability of soil nitrification compared with moldboard plowing are higher. The components of yield structure show features of yield formation. Tillage did not have an essential effect on crop structure elements. Application of herbicide Lancelot has significantly increased the number of productive stalks (7.3-10%) and mass of 1000 grains on 1.8 g or 4.5%. Grain yield of winter wheat did not depend on the primary tillage (57.5-56.5 kg/ha). Application of herbicide Lance-lot has allowed to receive allowance (on average for 2 years) 5.0 kg/ha. Grain quality indicators of winter wheat depend both on the hereditary traits and preferred growing conditions. The amount of gluten is not dependent on the main tillage, while the introduction of herbicide has increased gluten to 1.4%. Calculation of economic and bio-energy efficiency showed that the use of surface treatment in the cultivation of winter wheat on soil ordinarily is worthwhile
-
Description
In the article we present the results of perennial researches on the influence of norms of fertilizers on growth and productivity of sunflower on Chernozem (Black soil) with different levels of fertility in the Central zone of the Krasnodar region. The improvement of nutritional status of plants promoted increase in leaf area of sunflower in the flowering stage from 20.1 to 30.8 thousand m2/ ha and more accumulation of dry substances and major nutrients in plant tissues throughout the growing season. The greatest influence on the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves of 56 – 64 and 50 – 58%, in stalks of 40 – 62 and 39 – 42%, in baskets 43 – 59, and 38 -68%, respectively, provided the rate of fertilizer. The yield of sunflower seeds in average for three hybrids (Kubanskiy 341, Triumph, Legion) evolved in experiment parcels from 25.5 to 33, 4 ac./ha. The highest productivity of this crop is obtained when a high rate of fertilizer (N80Р120) is applied on soil with a high level of fertility. The increase of seed yield compared to control was 7.9 ac./ha or 30.9 %. While increasing the level of soil fertility and fertilizer amount, oil content of the seeds decreased from 46.9 to 44.5%, but the yield of oil increased from 1.20 to 1, 47 T/ha due to the growth of productivity
-
AGGLOMERATIVE COGNITIVE CLUSTERING OF NOSOLOGICAL IMAGES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE
06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
Description
The article deals with the similarity and difference of nosological images in veterinary medicine using a new method of agglomerative clustering implemented in Automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) on a small numerical example. This method is called Agglomerative cognitive clustering. This method differs from the known traditional facts: a) parameters of a generalized image of the cluster are computed not as averages from the original objects (classes) or their center of gravity, and are defined using the same underlying cognitive operations of ASC-analysis, which is used for the formation of generalized images of the classes on the basis of examples of objects and which is really correct and provides a synthesis; b) as a criterion of similarity we do not use Euclidean distance or its variants, and the integral criterion of non-metric nature: "the total amount of information", the use of which is theoretically correct and gives good results in non-orthonormal spaces, which are usually found in practice; c) cluster analysis is not based on the original variables, matrices of frequency or a matrix of similarities (differences) dependent on the measurement units of the axes, and in the cognitive space in which all the axes (descriptive scales) use the same unit of measurement: the quantity of information, and therefore, the clustering results do not depend on the original units of measurement features. All this makes it possible to obtain clustering results that are understandable to specialists and can be interpreted in a meaningful way that is in line with experts' assessments, their experience and intuitive expectations, which is often a problem for classical clustering methods
-
06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
Description
The article is devoted to the method of selecting quails. Intensive development of re-fishing requires the development of breeding methods for selecting birds and to carry out early predictions of egg production. Targeted breeding selection is able to influence the mechanisms of correlation dependencies between individual parts of the animal's organism, significantly change even firmly established interrelations, and create new interactions more satisfying the needs of the individual. The research task consisted of establishing links between the parameters of the skeleton and the productive qualities of the layers. The studies were conducted on Texas white quails. We took into account the live weight of the bird, the length of the metatarsal and the third finger, as well as the small and large diameters of the metatarsal. Correlations were established between the length of the pelvic limbs and the live weight of young quails during growth. It is established that the growth of the skeleton ends with the age of onset of puberty. This provides a basis for predicting the live weight, depending on the length of the pelvic extremities. It is established that the live mass is directly related to the egg productivity of quails. Thus, by selecting the birds with the longest plus, it makes it possible for 25 weeks of productivity to increase the egg laying on the initial layer by 5,7 eggs and 6,2 eggs per average laying hen, respectively
pdf 597.401kb
doc 597.401kb