№ 155(1), January, 2020
Public date: 31.01.2020
Archive of journal: Articles count 16, 52 kb
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APPLE ROSETTE DISEASE IN NORTH CAUCASUS PLANTATIONS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of a study of the apple tree rosette disease found in a collection garden and having a viral nature. The rosetting has typical signs of manifestation. Sick plants develop narrow small chlorotic leaves. Rosettes of leaves on the upper cervical and lateral shoots are formed as a result of the convergence of internodes. The spread of the rosetting in the planting reaches 10-11 %. The prevalence of viral disease varies among the 44 varieties of apple trees of different ecological and geographical origin. So, the lesion of rosetting was noted on single trees in the varieties of Gala Redi Red, Fujiko, Red Free, etc., and it was a complete defeat in the variety of Piros. A different degree of the manifestation of the disease on the trees was established: from partial manifestation on individual shoots, to aggressive damage to the entire crown of the tree. On young trees bearing fruiting (3-4 years from planting), the rosetting reduces the yield of apple trees by 36 %, ¼ part of the fruits on the trees are small in size compared to the fruits of healthy trees. The infectious nature of the rosetting is confirmed by the transfer of the disease on the most affected Piros variety using summer budding
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TO THE QUESTION OF MODELING THE PROCESS OF INTERACTION OF THE ELASTIC WHEEL WITH THE SOIL BASE
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionOne of the most important problems facing agricultural production is to increase traction and energy properties and to decrease the deforming effect of wheel propellers of power tractors on the soil. The solution to this problem requires the widespread introduction of computer-aided design systems, which make it possible to predict the towing, fuel, economic, and agro-technological properties of the tractor unit at the design stage. Traction and energy indicators of wheeled agricultural tractors, the level of impact of wheel propellers on the soil are largely determined by the quality of pneumatic tires. The search for the optimal parameters of pneumatic tires, the compliance of tire characteristics with the parameters and operating conditions of the tractor unit, require solving two main problems. Firstly, the development of analytical dependencies describing the process of interaction of elastic wheels with the soil base, depending on the rolling mode of the wheel. Secondly, bringing to the engineering level the methods of calculation and analysis of the wheel propellers and soil system. The work discusses the issues of physical and mathematical modeling of a pneumatic wheel and soil system. It is noted that among the existing approaches to describing the process of interaction of an elastic wheel with soil, it is most preferable to use rheological models that take into account the simultaneous deformation and subsequent restoration of the soil and tire. However, when it comes to the existing models, the formation of the area of the contact patch is associated with a common normal deflection, which is not confirmed by numerous experimental studies. In the present work, the concept of agrotechnological deflection of a pneumatic tire is introduced. The developed model makes it possible to calculate the rut dept, the tangential and radial deformations of the tire, the longitudinal and normal deformations of the base, and the contact pressure under a known normal load on the wheel, wheel rolling radius and speed. We have also presented analytical and experimental dependences of the contact pressure and the rut depth on the size of the agrotechnical deflection
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RESULTS OF RESEARCHES OF THE POSSIBILITY OF VIBRATION GRAIN SEPARATION FROM THE EAR
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionEnhancing the operative parts of a threshing mechanism which are realizing direct mechanical impact on an ear and being in it grains it is impossible to achieve the considerable lowering and to completely exclude traumatizing grain. New methods of noncontact grain separation from an ear in case of the threshing need to be developed. These methods exclude direct mechanical impact of operative parts on grains. A perspective method of noncontact grain separation from an ear is the imposition to a culm with an ear of oscillating motion, perpendicular its axes. It is a resonance in different parts of an ear can cause. As a result of the pilot and theoretical studies it is set that when impart low frequency oscillations in the range 18…100 Hz corresponding to natural frequencies of its oscillations to a culm with an ear, it is possible to achieve corrupting of the ear or its separation from the culm as a result of a resonance. But grain separation, at the same time, does not come from an ear as the range of natural resonance frequencies of grain oscillations does not match the range of natural frequencies of a culm with an ear and has higher values. The analysis of results of theoretical researches shows that for noncontact grain separation from an ear without its traumatizing is the imposition to it high-frequency oscillations in the range 100 … 14000 Hz matching its natural frequencies of oscillations, which is proved to be perspective. The occurring resonance causes origin of own movements of grain that leads to its separation from the ear
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TO THE QUESTION OF INTENSIFICATION OF BEAN AND CEREAL GRASS MIXTURE DRYING UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the study of the structural and functional organization of cereal and legume-cereal seed with intensive use in order to develop a model of agrophytocenoses with productive longevity and feed quality. A set of techniques has been developed to optimize the basic conditions of existence of highly productive, natural vegetation and on this basis to use grass stands rationally, create highly productive agrophytocenoses, and also grow artificial agrophytocenoses instead of degraded ones, helps to eliminate the negative consequences of the unreasonable exploitation of vegetation cover, improve its condition, significantly increase productivity and qualitative composition of natural ecosystems
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SCORING SYSTEM BASED ON INFORMATION-COGNITIVE MODELING
08.00.13 Mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics
DescriptionOne of the key problems facing the credit institution is the late payment of the loan. Firstly, it is a deeper analysis - in order to be carried out “manually” it is not even required several days, but weeks. Secondly, it allows you to work with clients much faster. And most importantly scoring allows you to negate the influence of the human factor. An automated system, no matter how you look, cannot be liked or not. Data analysis is only based on facts. Scoring is beneficial to all. The bank is able to work faster and reduce the risk of loan defaults. Clients, in turn, can apply for a loan on terms that are more favorable
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ALGOLOGICAL MONITORING OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES OF MAIZE CROPS PRODUCTION
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article studies species composition and abundance of soil algae under hybrid Krasnodar 292 AMB cultivated with various technologies. 7 species of cyanobacteria and 11 soil algae were revealed. It was revealed that the highest total amount of algae was observed in variants of environmentally acceptable and intensive technology, which is associated with the positive effect of mineral fertilizers and the consequent application of organic matter on soil algal flora. However, in these variants a decrease was observed both in the number of species and in the abundance of green and yellow-green algae. The species Botrydiopsis arhiza Borzi was absent or found in insignificant amounts. The species composition was less diverse, which can be attributed to the negative effect of the herbicide used in these technologies. The method of tillage had practically no effect on green, yellow-green and diatoms. An increase in the intensity of soil cultivation had a significant negative effect on both the species composition and the number of cyanobacteria
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05.13.19 Methods and systems of information protection, information security
DescriptionThe purpose of this work is to study the effect of clock synchronization of reference generators of special communication systems on the retention of the frame synchronization of PSP sensors when switching them to the deceleration mode, as well as short interruptions in operation, for example, when power surges, etc. in terms of electronic suppression
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08.00.13 Mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics
DescriptionThis article is devoted to rating assessment of the socio-economic situation of the Krasnodar region, presented by such agencies as "RAEKS-Analytics", "Expert RA" and "National Rating Agency". The methodologies used by these agencies were studied and analyzed. A comparison of these methodologies was also conducted. As a result, a number of their shortcomings were identified, including the lack of a complete methodological model in the public domain. Some agencies do not provide links to statistics that are used in the analysis. In the article using the STATISTICA environment, a statistical analysis of data reflecting the level of socio-economic situation of the Krasnodar region is carried out. Based on the work [12], the article created a discriminant model for assessing the socio-economic development of urban districts of the Krasnodar region with a confidence of 85%. The study conducted a cluster, discriminant, classification (decision trees), coefficient (proposed by the authors) based on the data of the Federal State Statistics website for the period from 2009 to 2018 in the city districts: Krasnodar, Anapa, Armavir, Gelendzhik, Goryachiy Klyuch, Novorossiysk Sochi. During the study, analyzes such as cluster and classification trees showed poor results, since they are not able to detect latent nonlinear relationships between the study indicators. Using the constructed discriminant model, we have carried out an analysis of the socio-economic development of urban districts of the Krasnodar region for the period 2009-2018, which allows us to identify the leaders and the outsiders
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PROMISING HYBRID FORMS OF ANEMONE CORONARIA
06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article provides the results of hybrid forms studies and their control cultivars for several years of research. The phenological phases of Anemone coronaria experimental plants were studied during the autumn planting of tubers (October - November), biometric measurements were carried out. On average, seedlings in the control cultivars appeared after 5.6 weeks, and in hybrids – after 4.8 weeks. This period in the researched hybrid forms was shorter on 12% than in the control cultivars. The phase “from seedling emergence to flowering” was longer in the following hybrid forms: A-10-1 (for 7 days), M-3-97 (for 5 days), than in the control cultivars. The earliest flowering was observed in the M-4-98 hybrid form (March, 23), and at the latest - in the M-3-97 hybrid form (April, 4). The flower diameter in the A-10-1 hybrid form is 31.1% larger, than its control cultivar, in the G-13-133 hybrid form - 27.1% more, in the hybrid form M-3-97 - 13.6% more, and the hybrid M-4-98 - 18.8% more. The flowering time of hybrid forms is 63 days (9 weeks), and their control cultivars - 51 days (7.3 weeks). The vegetation period of the investigate plants was not exceed 174 days. Vegetation of the hybrid forms A-10-1, M-3-97, and M-4-98 lasted 32, 23, and 14 days longer than in their control cultivars
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EXISTENCE OF ASYMPTOTICALLY OPTIMAL PLANS IN DISCRETE PROBLEMS OF DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING
08.00.13 Mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics
DescriptionDynamic programming is designed to solve discrete optimal control problems. According to this method, the optimal solution in a multidimensional problem is found by decomposing it into stages, each of which represents a subproblem with respect to one variable. In economic problems, the number of stages is the planning horizon. The choice of a planning horizon is necessary for a rigorous statement of the applied problem in the field of economics and management, but it is often difficult to justify. We see a way out in the use of asymptotically optimal plans for which the values of the optimization criterion differ little from its values for optimal plans for all sufficiently large planning horizons. The main result of the paper is the existence of an asymptotically optimal plan. The proof is carried out in several statements. If the sum of the maximums of the transition functions tends to 0, the existence of an asymptotically optimal plan is obtained in Theorem 1. A special case is models with a discount at a discount coefficient less than 1. The main part of the article is devoted to models with a discount coefficient equal to 1. Theorem 2 on the highway is proved for base set of a finite number of elements. In Theorem 3, a statement is obtained on the approximation of an arbitrary set by a finite one. In the final Theorem 4, the existence of an asymptotically optimal plan is proved in the general case. The term “magistral” is associated with a well-known recommendation to drivers: in order to get from point A to point B, it is advisable to go to the highway (magistral) at the initial section of the road, and then exit the highway and get to point B. The recommendation for choosing the optimal one is similar trajectories using the Pontryagin maximum principle in the model of the optimal distribution of time between obtaining knowledge and developing skills. This fact underlines the methodological proximity of dynamic programming and the Pontryagin maximum principle