№ 158(4), April, 2020
Public date: 30.04.2020
Archive of journal: Articles count 21, 65 kb
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AGRO-BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF CORN DEPENDING ON THE DENSE OF PLANT STANDING AND SEED PROTECTOR
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article provides an overview of the results of the study of the growth and development of corn in the conditions of the northern zone of the Krasnodar region, depending on the density of plant standing and seed dressing. The object of research was an early-ripe hybrid of Ross 199 corn. Two factors were studied in the experiment: factor A - plant stand density (60, 70 and 80 thousand units / ha), factor B - seed dresser (Maxim XL (k) and Maxim Quatro). The studies were carried out in accordance with the thematic plan of scientific research of the Department of General and Irrigated Agriculture of Kuban State Agrarian University. The total area of the plot is 1008 m2, the accounting area is 672 m2. The number of rows in the plot is only 8, including accounting - 4. The arrangement of the plots is systematic. Three repetition. The predecessor is winter wheat. The calculations and observations in the experiment were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The technology of growing corn in the experimental plot corresponded to generally accepted for this zone and culture. The predecessor is winter wheat. Our studies have found that the leaf area was largely influenced by the density of plant standing – with the thickening of crops, it decreased by 2.9 thousand m2 / ha or 28.7 %, and there were practically no differences in the leaf area between different variants of seed treatment. Corn plants increase the accumulation of dry matter throughout the growing season. With an increase in the density of plant standing, the accumulation of dry matter decreases, and the studied protectants do not affect this indicator
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article defines the importance of growing potatoes in the Bryansk region. We carried out spatio-temporal re-search of the condition of the industry and identified key shifts in its development over the past 10 years. The pro-portion and its shifts were showed as well. We calculated ranking of administrative areas for potato production in general and by individual categories of farms for the period from 2008 to 2018. It allowed us to find out rates of spatio-temporal movements. The analysis showed increase of concentration and differentiation of growing potatoes in the region
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06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article discusses the method of selection using markers in the selection of parent pairs for hybridization, in the selection process and in the subsequent evaluation of parent lines, used in linear and backcross selection of tomatoes. The work was performed on tomato hybrids that combine resistance genes to tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in their genome. The research used seeds of foreign F1 tomato hybrids recommended by the manufacturer as resistant to the tobacco mosaic virus. Most of the tomato hybrids were Dutch selection, such leading firms as De Ruiter Seeds, Enza Zaden, Rijk Zwaan. The aim of the work was to test a system of hybridization probes designed to identify a gene for resistance to the tobacco mosaic virus. The study of the genotype of tomato plants was carried out in the laboratory of molecular diagnostics of plants , equipped with modern devices for PCR analysis on the basis of NIIOZG (Krymsk). Plant material was collected in different phases of plant vegetation. pre-numbered 1.5 ml test tubes (SSI-1200-00), plastic tablets, tweezers, and distilled water were used to collect plant samples. The collected samples were stored in a refrigerator until the plant DNA was isolated. During the study, collectible tomato samples were studied, including 8 F1 hybrids and 2 lines used as controls. According to the results of genetic analysis using the marker of the TMV resistance gene, it was found that all hybrids and one control line # 175/14 have a resistance gene in their genotype, and the analysis also showed the state of the gene – homozygous or heterozygous. The results of artificial infection confirmed the results obtained by PCR analysis. At the same time, using genetic research, it is possible to determine the exact state of the gene in the plant, which cannot be determined by methods of artificial infection, since no visual differences were found between plants with a heterozygous and homozygous state of the gene. The created marker and PCR analysis method can be recommended for wide application in the selection process of tomato culture. As a result of research, it was found that modern tomato hybrids have a gene for resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in their genotype. This was determined by genetic analysis and confirmed by a test using artificial infection
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THE STUDY OF PLANT PARTS EXTRACTING BY THE WORKING BODIES OF THE KKS-1M POTATO HARVESTER
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionPotatoes are cultivated in all parts of the world. In 2019, the Russian Federation ranked third in potato production. Ryazan region has favorable climatic conditions for potato growing. The growth in potato production is constrained by the insufficient provision of small and medium-sized farms with harvesting equipment and storage facilities. For working in small areas and in difficult conditions, simple machines are in demand: potato diggers and single-row potato harvesters. “Gala” variety potatoes are grown using intensive technology in the experimental field of the agrotechnological station of Ryazan State Agrotechnological University. In September 2019, there was a study of the effect of plant parts on the performance indicators of the technological process with a single-row KKS-1M potato harvester with a combined plant-top-removing device. The device consists of top-directing fingers, a top-removing roller and a counter-current finger-type separator. The studies are based on standard and private test methods. The harvester was tested on dark gray forest soils of heavy loamy composition, with a moisture content of 19-21%. Plots were prepared for testing: one with uncleaned tops, one with tops previously removed by BD-4 haulm shredder and one with manually removed tops. In the course of research, a change in the direction of potato stems during the movement of the heap along the working bodies of the potato harvester was determined. It was found that the stems change their direction from transverse to longitudinal. It was established that a combined PLANT-TOP-REMOVING device removes from 75.8% to 88.2% of plant impurities entering the harvester. Studies confirmed the efficiency of KKS-1M combine when harvesting potatoes. According to the generalized results, the loss of tubers was 1.5-4.7%, their damage was 1.7-4.39% and the purity of the tubers in the bunker was 70.3-84.7%. Studies confirmed that the harvesting technology significantly affects the performance of a potato harvester. In severe conditions, pre-harvesting row-spacing loosening can be recommended and the haulm shredder is set to a cutting height of at least 150-180 mm
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionThe article considers a kinematic analysis of the leaves distribution mechanism in the device for placing the tobacco leaves into container using analytic method. These researches allow defining optimal geometric parameters of this device theoretically
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08.00.13 Mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics
DescriptionIn the article, we develop the methodology of strategic planning and management of the holding on the theoretical basis of automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis). This methodology provides scientific research of any holding by creating and researching its model. The methodology includes both the synthesis, adaptation and verification of system-cognitive models of the holding, and the use of these models for strategic planning and decision support for managing the holding, as a complex, multiparametric, nonlinear system. The relevance of the research is due to the special role of holdings and other corporate integrated structures both in Russia as a whole and, in particular, in the Krasnodar region. Despite obvious system advantages, holdings face a wide range of problems related to management efficiency, ensuring their sustainable functioning, etc. The proposed methodology offers ways to solve these problems and can be successfully applied in holdings and other corporate integrated structures of various regions, volumes and areas of activity, which determines the relevance of the research topic. The level of significance and scientific novelty of the Research consists in the development of conceptual and theoretical and methodological provisions aimed at managing the development of holdings. The expected results and their significance are that the methodology developed as a result of the Research can be applied by holding companies and other corporate integrated structures and will significantly improve the quality of their management
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CORRECTION OF DYSBIOTIC DISORDERS IN BEES BY USING PROBIOTIC MEDICATIONS
DescriptionThis article provides an overview of the need of the use of probiotic supplements and medications in the diets of insects, in particular bees and their families. We present a list of both Russian and foreign probiotics and their complexes, which are used in beekeeping for the treatment and prevention of various diseases, are shown. Their effectiveness is shown not only for the prevention and treatment of microbial disorders in the gastrointestinal tract of bees due to the manifestation of antagonistic properties in relation to opportunistic and pathogenic microflora, but also the possibility of their use as tools that can increase the immune status, the safety of bee families, and life expectancy. The article shows data on the positive effect of probiotics on the physiological and biochemical parameters of honeybees, activation of metabolic processes in the formation of a fat body, growth of strength and weight of larvae, development of pharyngeal glands, etc.
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PRICING METHOD BASED ON THE ESTIMATION OF DEMAND FUNCTION
08.00.13 Mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics
DescriptionWhen solving some problems of economics and management at an enterprise, it becomes necessary to determine the retail price of a product or service at a known wholesale price or producer price. We offer to determine the retail price based on an analysis of a survey of potential consumers about the maximum possible price for the product or service in question. We calculate the retail price on the basis of optimizing the economic effect equal to the product of the result from the sale of one unit of goods by the demand function, which we estimate by interviewing consumers. To solve the optimization problem, we approximate the demand function using the least squares method. As examples, the linear and power models of the demand function are analyzed. Ways of further development of the proposed approach are discussed. Unresolved scientific problems are formulated. Methods for estimating the demand function in the context of a large number of repetitions of respondents and their tendency to “round numbers” require further elaboration, as a result of which the Kolmogorov criterion cannot be used to determine the accuracy of the restoration of the demand function. Various parametric and non-parametric approaches of regression analysis should be adapted to the problem of restoring the dependence of demand on price, as well as methods for solving the corresponding optimization problems
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THE EFFECT OF FEED RATIONS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN BREED BULL CALVES
DescriptionThe article presents the results of scientific and industrial experience in identifying the effect of feed additives on the productivity and biochemical parameters of bull calves’ blood in fattening. The calves of Holstein-Friesian breed at the age of 30 days were selected as objects of research. In the diet of the bull calves of the experimental groups, we used feed additives in the main diet: probiotic feed additive “Cellobacterin+”, feed vitamin-mineral concentrate “Tetra+”, complex feed concentrate. We found that the most active weight gain is observed in the group of calves that received complex feed concentrate. In all experimental groups of bull calves, we observed a decrease in the activity of hepato-indicator enzymes and a thymol sample. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the use of the complex feed concentrate containing biologically active substances and the additive “Cellobacterin+” (in comparison with the control and other experimental groups) leads to maximizing the increase in the average mass of bull calves, which is associated with the synergistic effect of biologically active substances and living microorganisms Enterococcus faecium 1 - 35. The same tendency is observed with respect to the activity of hepato-indicator enzymes - AST and ALT, which, compared with the control group, decreases by 35.6% and 28.2%, respectively
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JUSTIFICATION OF THE RIGIDITY OF COMPOSITE BARS OF A POTATO HARVESTER ELEVATOR
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionHigh-strength steels are used to increase the reliability of potato harvesters. With the advent of new materials and new technologies in agricultural engineering, it is possible to significantly reduce the mass of working bodies, to reduce energy costs. The elastic system of the composite elevator bar, unbalanced by the impact of the component of the potato heap, is in oscillatory motion. An increase in the height of the fall, and hence the speed of collision with the bar of the component of the potato heap, determines the amount of deflection of the composite bar. During vibrations, in addition to static deformations, dynamic ones are added, depending on the magnitude of the impact force. It was established that a bar made of composite material should have the following parameters: elastic modulus E = 55000 MPa; the diameter of the composite bar d = 0,012 m