№ 159(5), May, 2020
Public date: 29.05.2020
Archive of journal: Articles count 23, 89 kb
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SUGAR CORN DEPENDING ON NITROGEN FERTILIZERS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article provides an overview of the results of a study of the effect of nitrogen fertilizers (sowing and top dressing) on the growth and development of sugar corn plants. The object of research was the mid-early hybrid of corn called Krasnodar Sugar 280 NE (FAO 280). In the experiment, 2 factors were studied: factor Ā - sowing nitrogen fertilizer (b / b (k), 15 and 30 kg.d.v / ha), factor B - root nitrogen top dressing (b / b (k), 15 and 30 kg.dv./ha). The total area of the plot is 20 m2, the accounting area is 10 m2. The number of rows in the plot is only 4, including accounting - 2. The plots are systematically placed. In the fall, the main fertilizer was applied in the background at a dose of N30P60K60, under plowing. Repeating four times. The predecessor is winter wheat. The counts and observations in the experiment were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Studies have established that the phases of “seedlings” and “5-6 leaves” did not depend on nitrogen fertilizers. The “panicle panning” phase in the variants with the introduction of nitrogen occurred 2 days later, and the phase "milk ripeness on the cob" - for 1 day. The height of the plants of the control variant was 202 cm. With an increase in the dose of nitrogen, the height of the plants of sweet corn increased. The maximum (12 cm higher) plant height was on the option using N30 for sowing and root dressing
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TECHNOLOGICAL AND DESIGN PARAMETERS OF A PNEUMATIC SEEDER WITH A CENTRAL DOSING SYSTEM
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
Description
The article describes reasons for uneven distribution of seeds by pneumatic grain drills. For the theoretical justification of the operation modes of the pneumatic seeder, we have calculated the coefficients of the weight concentration of seeds in the air stream for different seeding rates and movement speeds. We have also calculated feed rate of seeds and planting performance of the machine for working width of 8.4 m. We have derived an equation of constancy of consumption of seeds, and the equation determining total pressure loss in the pneumatic conduit, emerging from the sum of the losses in the receiver, losses on the dispersal of the material after the receiver, and losses on the stopped movement of pneumatic mixtures
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05.13.18 Mathematical modeling, numerical methods and software complexes
Description
This work continues the series of works written by the author on the application of modern scientific methods in the study of human consciousness. In 1979-1981, two monographs were written devoted to higher forms of consciousness, the prospects of man, technology and society. One of these monographs was two-volume and was called "Theoretical Foundations of the Synthesis of Quasi-Biological Robots." In these monographs the author proposed: 1) criterial periodic classification of 49 forms of consciousness, including higher forms of consciousness (HFC); 2) based on this classification, there were psychological, microsocial and technological methods of transition between various forms of consciousness, including methods of transition from the usual form of consciousness to the HFC; 3) information-functional theory of the development of technology (including the rule of improving the quality of the basis); 4) information theory of value; 5) 11 functional schemes of technical systems of future forms of society, including remote telekinetic (mental) control systems; 6) the concept of development of society in groups of socio-economic formations; 7) the concept of determining the form of human consciousness by the functional level of the technological environment; 8) mathematical and numerical modeling of the dynamics of the probability density of states of human consciousness in evolution using the theory of Markov’s random processes. In this study, we carry out a complete automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC- analysis) of the periodic criteria classification of forms of consciousness proposed by the author in 1978. To this end, the following tasks are solved in the work: cognitive structuring and formalization of the subject area; synthesis and verification of statistical and system-cognitive models (multi-parameter typification of forms of consciousness); systemic identification of forms of consciousness; their typological analysis; investigations of a simulated domain by examining its model. We have also given a detailed numerical example of solving all these problems
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THERAPY FOR ESCHERICHIOSIS OF NEWBORN CALVES
Description
Blood samples were taken from newborn calves and sent to the Rostov regional veterinary laboratory. The result of the general analysis of blood showed increased erythrocytes, increased red blood cell count and increasing white blood cell count as well as low hemoglobin levels. The results of the studies on the content of phosphorus, calcium, zinc, vitamins A and C in the blood showed that the sick calves have hyperphosphatemia, namely violations of the phosphorus-calcium ratio. A decrease in vitamin A in sick calves to 8.2±0.5 mcg% and zinc to 74.1±1.2 mcg% was found .This indicates a violation of mineral metabolism, which occurs due to a lack of minerals in the diet, but also with intensive withdrawal from the body, as a result of poor absorption and impaired renal filtration. As a result of typing on O-antigen, using a set of polyvalent and serogroup agglutinating O-coliseums, the presence of an adhesive A20 antigen was revealed. In the course of research, faeces from 9 newborn calves of 1-8 days of age were sent to determine the sensitivity to antibacterial drugs. Thus, 9 samples of cultures of E. coli sensitive to the following antibiotics: enrofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, levofloxacin, and vancomycin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, and rofloxacin. Based on data from blood tests and sensitivity to anti-biotics, the animals were divided into 3 groups. And each group used three different treatment regimens. Observing the calves of the experimental groups, we found that the condition of the sick animals stabilized within 2-4 days. In the first group of 12 calves, 1 calf fell and 11 survived. In the second group of 11 calves, all survived. In the third control group of 12 calves, 7 fell, and 5 survived. When determining the sensitivity of Escherichia cultures isolated from calves of this farm to antibiotics, 100% sensitivity to levomycetin sodium succinate was obtained
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
Description
Both domestic and foreign experience have noted that the introduction of diagnostic tools was one of the most important factors in increasing the economic efficiency of the use of equipment in industry. The purpose of diagnostics is detection and prevention of failures and failures, maintenance of operational parameters within the specified limits, forecasting of the state for the purpose of full use of the resource. Today, more than ever, the assessment of the current state of the electric power is particularly acute. With one regulatory method of testing electric motors, it was necessary to make a sufficiently in-depth analysis of technical documentation for testing or diagnosis of new modern tests or diagnostics. The relevance of the transition to non-destructive methods of motor testing is increased in order to increase their service life. At present, there is a need to introduce more gentle methods of testing electric bodies, since the standardized test method has a negative impact on the condition of electric motors as a whole and on the integrity of the structure. In order to ensure the necessary level of reliability of electrical equipment at enterprises, it is necessary to use modern testing methods and diagnostic systems
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
Description
The article introduces a study on the creation of a simulated physical and mathematical model of the working process of a strip thrower, throwing soil in a directed flow. The problem solved with the help of this work is aimed at optimizing the cutting and ejection process in a given direction of the soil with minimal energy consumption with a maximum emission range. The article describes a methodology for calculating the milling thrower, which is oriented to the formation of the required amount of soil to create a mineralized strip at the edge of a forest bottom fire. Improving and realizing the full reproduction of physical and mathematical models using process simulations, you can save resources on the development of forestry aggregates. The study presents a productive method of processing soil with milling cutters, which helps to reduce energy consumption due to the formation of oriented mineralized flows of soil. For a physical and mathematical description of the process, a simulation program has been compiled that allows you to test the specific task of minimizing energy consumption at a maximum distance of soil discharge with a constant flow density to the rotational speed of the milling throwers
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SUBSTANTIATION OF THE SIZE OF A COMBINED DEVICE FOR TILLAGE AND SOWING
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
Description
The article presents a methodological approach to the rational selection of the optimal working width by the example of a combined tillage unit using original software. To select the optimal working width of a combined soil cultivating unit, the initial data are: make (type) of the tractor (power tool), unit cost of the machine and tractor unit in comparable prices, production time of the machine and tractor unit to perform the technological operation at a given operating speed with a clear compliance with agrotechnical requirements, both to the technological operation itself, and, directly, to the agricultural machine. As an example, we consider a combined semi-mounted modular tillage and sowing unit for grain crops and the MTZ-82.1 tractor. In this unit, the main working bodies are S-shaped spring teeth and rollers. Based on the performed analytical studies of the pre-sowing (surface) tillage process and the application of theoretical modeling methods, mathematical dependencies have been developed to determine and further analyze the energy-technological parameters of combined tillage units with dynamic working bodies. The performed calculations according to the developed method allow us to choose the optimal working width of the combined soil cultivating unit
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ON THE HYBRIDIZATION OF RICE VARIETIES AND WEED-FIELD RED GRAIN FORMS
06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
Description
Large areas under commercial rice in many countries of the world including Russia are infested with weed-field red grain forms of rice. In the nineties of the XX century new red grain forms of rice appeared in the rice commercial fields of the Krasnodar region; these plants differed little from the morphotype of the variety in morphological characteristics. Such plants were difficult to distinguish and remove during varietal weeding. The increased content of red rice grains among the elite seeds leads to the rejection of such crops, thus reducing the economic efficiency of the seed production. Researchers do not have a single opinion on the origin of the new forms of the red grain rice. Various assumptions are made on mutations, unlocking of epigene of the pericarp coloration of the caryopsis to return to the ancestral red grain forms, and cross-pollination between cultivated and red grain rice. In 2014-2018 a methodological experiment on artificial hybridization between the white grain variety and rice varieties with colored pericarp of the grains (Mars and Yuzhnaya Noch) was carried out to discover the origin of these new forms of the red grain rice. The article presents an analysis of hybrids of direct and reverse crosses between the white grain variety Snezhinka, having an amylose long grain, and the black grain variety Yuzhnaya Noch with a glutinous short grain. As a result of artificial hybridization, a new initial material was received with a different type of grain in shape, color and consistency of the endosperm. This material is of significant interest for further breeding and genetic research. When evaluating hybrid plants obtained by direct crossing Snezhinka / Yuzhnaya Noch and reverse crossing Yuzhnaya Noch / Snezhinka, a significant influence of the maternal cytoplasm on the formation of quality signs of endosperm has been revealed. This must be considered when planning such studies. An analysis of the economically valuable traits of the received hybrid material brings a conclusion that the new red grain forms in the commercial rice varieties may appear as a result of spontaneous hybridization between red grain and white grain rice
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SEARCHING FOR NATURAL ANTIMICOTICS EFFECTIVE AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
Progress in crop production depends on many factors; including the important measure is the protection from pathogenic microorganisms. Various chemicals are used to control phytopathogens, such as natural and artificially synthesized ones. Natural compounds are more environmentally friendly, in most cases less toxic and quickly destroyed. The purpose of this work was to find strains of actinobacteria that have antifungal activity and are considered by us as possible sources of antifungal compounds for agricultural purposes. We selected 10 strains of actinobacteria that were isolated from typical regions of Russia. These strains were active against the fungal test strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae RIA 259 and Aspergillus niger INA 00760 when deep cultured. To determine the activity of selected actinobacteria against phytopathogenic fungi, 6 strains isolated from affected plants were used as tests. Morphological and genetic analysis methods have shown that the selected actinobacteria strains belong to two genera and are represented by the following species: Nocardia soli, Streptomyces antibioticus, S. bottropensis, S. chartreusis, S. chromofuscus, S. hydrogenans (2 isolates), S. lusitanus, S. netropsis, S. peucetius. Phytopathogenic fungi are represented by the following species: Fusarium armeniacum (2 isolates), Fusarium culmorum, Alternaria tenuissima (2 isolates), Bipolaris sorokiniana. As a result, it was found that under conditions of submerged cultivation on nutrient media, actibacteria form substances that inhibit the growth of all phytopathogenic tests used in the experiment. The representatives of species N. soli INA 01217, S.chromofuscus INA 01211, S. lusitanus INA 01218, S. netropsis INA 01190 and S. peucetius INA 01255 have not been described as having antifungal activity previously, so we consider them to be the most promising for chemical research to identify new antifungal antibiotics
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THE INFLUENCE OF THE HEFK GROWTH REGULATOR ON THE CROP YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article studies the influence of the plant growth regulator of the retardant type called HEFK (AS 480 g/l of etephone) on the yield and structural elements of winter wheat of Moskovskaya 39 variety under the conditions of the OAO Veryakushi Agricultural Entreprise, located in the north-eastern part of Diveyevo region on gray forest medium loamy soil. Field studies were being carried out for three years: from 2016 to 2019. We studied different application rates of HEFK: 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 l / ha. The processing of winter wheat crops was performed in the phase of the beginning of exit into the tube. On average, over 3 years, the indicators of field germination of seeds and the survival rate of plants at harvest were good and amounted to 88.4-89.2% and 80.1 - 81.3%, respectively. The processing crops by HEFK in doses of 0.5 and 1.0 l / ha, showed the highest crop yield of - 4.07 and 4.12 t / ha, which exceeded the control rate by 0.29 and 0.34 t / ha, respectively. The growth regulator did not showed a significant effect on the density of the productive stem. At the same time, the treatment of HEFK crops in doses of 0.5 and 1.0 l / ha showed an increase in the spike productivity by 0.121-0.133 g due to an increase in spike grains by 3 pcs. In the variant with a HEFK use rate of 1.0 l / ha, the weight of 1000 grains increased by 0.6 g compared to the control rate. An increase in the dose of the growth regulator significantly reduced the height of wheat plants from 72.1 cm in the control group to 48.0 cm in the variant with a product application rate of 2.0 l / ha. The spike length in the variants with the application rate of HEFK of 0.5 and 1.0 l / ha was at the control level - 7.0-7.1 cm, whereas an increase in the dose of the growth regulator to 1.5-2.0 l / ha showed the decrease in the length of the spike by 0.5-0.8 cm. When using growth regulator HEFK resistance of crops to lodging varied from 4.7 till 5.0 points
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