№ 159(5), May, 2020
Public date: 29.05.2020
Archive of journal: Articles count 23, 89 kb
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BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR DATA ANALYSIS METHODS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF CLASSIFICATION TASKS)
08.00.13 Mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics
Description
There is a need to clean up the classification methods. This will increase their role in solving applied problems, in particular, in the diagnosis of materials. For this, first of all, it is necessary to develop requirements that classification methods must satisfy. The initial formulation of such requirements is the main content of this work. Mathematical classification methods are considered as part of the applied statistics methods. The natural requirements to the considered methods of data analysis and the presentation of calculation results arising from the achievements and ideas accumulated by the national probabilistic and statistical scientific school are discussed. Concrete recommendations are given on a number of issues, as well as criticism of individual errors. In particular, data analysis methods must be invariant with respect to the permissible transformations of the scales in which the data are measured, i.e. methods should be adequate in the sense of measurement theory. The basis of a specific statistical method of data analysis is always one or another probabilistic model. It should be clearly described, its premises justified - either from theoretical considerations, or experimentally. Data processing methods intended for use in real-world problems should be investigated for stability with respect to the tolerances of the initial data and model premises. The accuracy of the solutions given by the method used should be indicated. When publishing the results of statistical analysis of real data, it is necessary to indicate their accuracy (confidence intervals). As an estimate of the predictive power of the classification algorithm, it is recommended to use predictive power instead of the proportion of correct forecasts. Mathematical research methods are divided into "exploratory analysis" and "evidence-based statistics." Specific requirements for data processing methods arise in connection with their "docking" during sequential execution. The article discusses limits of applicability of probabilistic-statistical methods. Concrete statements of classification problems and typical errors when applying various methods for solving them are also considered
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
In the article, we have studied the influence of biological nitrogen deposition on the physical and chemical parameters of natural semi-sweet wine, on the example of two grape varieties – classic European Chardonnay and interspecific hybrid Ekaterinodar, including amino acids and aroma-forming components. It is established, that the use of the proposed technology contributes to the active consumption of amino acids by yeast in the fermentation stage. At the same time, yeast cells consumed most actively alanine, valine, phenylalanine, histidine, aspartic, aminobutyric, glutamic acids, leucine, lysine, Sirin, tyrosine, threonine. A slight increase in the concentration of amino acids was observed at the end of fermentation, when the yeast cells entered the stationary phase of development. However, the content of all amino acids, with the exception of Proline, in the wine material was less than in grapes and fermenting wort. As a result of biological nitrogen deposition in experimental versions, the concentration of nitrogen compounds (total and amine nitrogen) was three times less than in the control ones. There is a difference in the concentration of flavor-forming components in wines prepared from both grape varieties using different technologies. In experimental versions, we observed a greater accumulation of almost all components of the aroma-binding complex (especially esters, terpenes, phenylethanol, and ionone), with the exception of higher alcohols. Experimental samples of natural semi-sweet wines from the Chardonnay and Ekaterinodar grape varieties were characterized by a bright floral and fruit aroma and had a higher tasting rating in comparison with the classic technology
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EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF L-EXPRESS FOOD AGROCHEMICAL
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
In the study, there is an estimation of the biological effectiveness of the agrochemical called “L-express food L-Express-Mangamino”, based on buckwheat. As a result of the research, it was found that non-root feeding of buckwheat plants: the first - in the branching phase, the second-in the budding phase with organomineral fertilizer L-Express-Nutrition brand: l-Express-Mangamino contributed to immune modulation and increased plant adaptability to stress factors of abiotic and biotic nature. Powdery mildew, ascochitosis, false powdery mildew, gray rot spread on the experimental versions did not receive. The use of organic fertilizer L-Express-Nutrition brand: L-Express-Mangamino had a significant impact on the safety of plants. The safety of plants when using fertilizer at a dose of 1 l / ha was 72%, 1.5 l / ha-74.3%, 2 l / ha-75.2%, which is higher in comparison with the control by 0.9%, 3.2% and 4.1%, respectively. Balanced nutrition of buckwheat plants during the growing season contributed to an increase in the number of stems, inflorescences, the number of seeds per plant of buckwheat, the weight of 1000 seeds, increase productivity by 1.1-1.2 times. The positive effect of agrochemicals on the quality of buckwheat grain was established. The size increased when using increasing doses of agrochemicals by 1.0%, 3.1% and 5.2%, respectively, relative to the control
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THERAPY FOR ESCHERICHIOSIS OF NEWBORN CALVES
Description
Blood samples were taken from newborn calves and sent to the Rostov regional veterinary laboratory. The result of the general analysis of blood showed increased erythrocytes, increased red blood cell count and increasing white blood cell count as well as low hemoglobin levels. The results of the studies on the content of phosphorus, calcium, zinc, vitamins A and C in the blood showed that the sick calves have hyperphosphatemia, namely violations of the phosphorus-calcium ratio. A decrease in vitamin A in sick calves to 8.2±0.5 mcg% and zinc to 74.1±1.2 mcg% was found .This indicates a violation of mineral metabolism, which occurs due to a lack of minerals in the diet, but also with intensive withdrawal from the body, as a result of poor absorption and impaired renal filtration. As a result of typing on O-antigen, using a set of polyvalent and serogroup agglutinating O-coliseums, the presence of an adhesive A20 antigen was revealed. In the course of research, faeces from 9 newborn calves of 1-8 days of age were sent to determine the sensitivity to antibacterial drugs. Thus, 9 samples of cultures of E. coli sensitive to the following antibiotics: enrofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, levofloxacin, and vancomycin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, and rofloxacin. Based on data from blood tests and sensitivity to anti-biotics, the animals were divided into 3 groups. And each group used three different treatment regimens. Observing the calves of the experimental groups, we found that the condition of the sick animals stabilized within 2-4 days. In the first group of 12 calves, 1 calf fell and 11 survived. In the second group of 11 calves, all survived. In the third control group of 12 calves, 7 fell, and 5 survived. When determining the sensitivity of Escherichia cultures isolated from calves of this farm to antibiotics, 100% sensitivity to levomycetin sodium succinate was obtained
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SUBSTANTIATION OF THE SIZE OF A COMBINED DEVICE FOR TILLAGE AND SOWING
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
Description
The article presents a methodological approach to the rational selection of the optimal working width by the example of a combined tillage unit using original software. To select the optimal working width of a combined soil cultivating unit, the initial data are: make (type) of the tractor (power tool), unit cost of the machine and tractor unit in comparable prices, production time of the machine and tractor unit to perform the technological operation at a given operating speed with a clear compliance with agrotechnical requirements, both to the technological operation itself, and, directly, to the agricultural machine. As an example, we consider a combined semi-mounted modular tillage and sowing unit for grain crops and the MTZ-82.1 tractor. In this unit, the main working bodies are S-shaped spring teeth and rollers. Based on the performed analytical studies of the pre-sowing (surface) tillage process and the application of theoretical modeling methods, mathematical dependencies have been developed to determine and further analyze the energy-technological parameters of combined tillage units with dynamic working bodies. The performed calculations according to the developed method allow us to choose the optimal working width of the combined soil cultivating unit
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HEMATOLOGICAL STATUS OF DOGS USING A BIOSTIMULATOR DEP
Description
In veterinary practice, feed biologically active additives of plant and animal origin are widely used to improve digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as to correct the normalization of metabolism. One of these biologically active drugs is denatured emulsified placenta (DEP) which has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating properties. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to study the effect of DEP on the morphological composition of dog blood. During the research, it was found that the number of red blood cells in dogs of the control group was 1.57% or 0.12 x 1012/l more than in the experimental group. Erythrocytes of dogs in the control group had 0.37% more volume than the same indicator in the experimental group. However, each red blood cell of animals in the experimental groups was characterized by a high content of hemoglobin in it by 1.6%. Before the start of the experiment, the number of lymphocytes in the blood of dogs in the control and experimental groups was 4.07 and 2.34%, respectively, below the minimum reference value. The number of monocytes and granulocytes in the peripheral blood of dogs in the control group was 0.23 and 1.49% higher, respectively, than in the control group. The platelet content was higher in the control group than in the experimental group by 49.38 x 109/l or 27.3%. Changes that occur in the body of dogs under the action of a biostimulator indicate an increase in the production of antibodies to protect the body from infections and ensure the animal's immunity. They completely regulate the immune system
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article considers the types of functional stability of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing. We have substantiated the necessity of developing methodological bases for ensuring and managing the stability of reproduction processes. Methodological bases for managing the stability of reproduction processes have been developed, taking into account the specifics of industrial fruit growing as a complex organized system, consisting of biological, technogenic and economic subsystems. We have also proposed an algorithm for ensuring and managing the sustainability of reproduction processes, which is the basis for the development of digital technologies for managing the sustainability and efficiency of industrial production. The work reveals and defines factors influencing the level of sustainability and efficiency of reproductive processes, the relationship and interaction between result indicators and factor variables; it identifies emerging imbalances in the organization of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing. Using methods of mathematical statistics, we calculated an integral indicator of the functional stability of reproductive processes and gave its semantic interpretation. It was found that the structural elements of reproduction processes are inconsistent with the actual indicators that characterize functional stability, with the normative parameters. This trend makes it necessary to develop a mechanism for managing sustainability and tools for influencing functional zones in order to bring actual indicators to the standard level. When developing tools for sustainability management, the following were clarified: management methods, process goal setting, functional load of the management object, level of organization, various restrictions (criteria) related to the specifics of technological and economic relationships and mutual influences. We have developed a mechanism for ensuring and managing the functional stability of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing by its types, including the following stages: automated database formation; cognitive analysis of the influence of factors on the functional areas of influence by types of stability; assessment of functional stability and justification of the integral indicator; filling in, compensating for missing information, generating information data; determining the optimal parameters of functional stability; developing regulators for leveling functional imbalances in the organization of reproduction processes that ensure effective and sustainable management of industrial production
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TO THE QUESTION OF POTATO DAMAGE DURING HARVESTING AND LAYING FOR STORAGE
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
Description
The article considers the possibility of using a potato harvester with an unloading device. The principle of operation of an unloading device based on a potato harvester is presented. The unloading device of the root-harvesting machine allows to prevent damage to tubers by damping the speed and lowering the height of the falling heap due to the use of the unloading gutter equipped with a lifting-lowering mechanism made of two differently inclined flat sections, on the inner surface of which, across the gutter, elastically deformable elements are fixed in the form loop absorbers. A group of authors carried out a comparative assessment of the tests of the basic model of the AVR Kolnag potato harvester Spirit 6200 and its improved experimental version with an unloading rating device. The studies were conducted on the fields of the Danko farm of the Lukhovitsky district, Moscow region in 2018 - 2019. Harvesting was carried out alternately from several fields. According to the data obtained, it was found that the level of damage to potato tubers when using the developed experimental version of the unloading device of the potato harvester is 2.1%, which is lower in comparison with the basic model of the harvester. The obtained results of field studies of the experimental unloading device confirmed the results of previous theoretical calculations and laboratory studies, including the high efficiency of the developed device compared to the serial analogue
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FEATURES OF LINEAR GROWTH OF HOLSTEIN HEIFERS OF DIFFERENT LINES
Description
The article presents the results of studying the growth and development of repair heifers of Holstein cattle belonging to the lines Vis Back Ideal and Reflection Sovering. The feeding and maintenance conditions in both groups were the same. In accordance with the generally accepted scheme of drinking during the milk period, the heifers received 180 kg of whole milk and 400 kg of its substitution. Starting from the age of 10-15 days, the heifers were grouped into groups of 15 heads each. The live weight and average daily increments of test heifers varied differently. Linear growth and average daily gains in the experimental group were higher than in the control group. Studies have found that heifers from the experimental group in all the studied periods were superior to heifers from the control group and for the entire period, the average daily increase was 16.5 g more. The average daily increments were at the level of 747.5 and 764.0 g, the live weight by the age of the first insemination was 373.5 kg in the control group and 381.8 kg in the experimental group. Linear indicators have significant differences in height at the withers at the age of 1 insemination; depth of chest behind shoulders in 6-month age and at 1-tion insemination; oblique body length (tape) in the age of the 1st insemination; the chest girth at 12 months of age and at 1-tion insemination. The results of the study show that the cultivation of repair heifers of the Vis Back Idial and Reflection Sovering lines of the Holstein breed further contributes to an increase in the growth of dairy productivity in farms and an increase in gross milk production
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TECHNOLOGICAL AND DESIGN PARAMETERS OF A PNEUMATIC SEEDER WITH A CENTRAL DOSING SYSTEM
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
Description
The article describes reasons for uneven distribution of seeds by pneumatic grain drills. For the theoretical justification of the operation modes of the pneumatic seeder, we have calculated the coefficients of the weight concentration of seeds in the air stream for different seeding rates and movement speeds. We have also calculated feed rate of seeds and planting performance of the machine for working width of 8.4 m. We have derived an equation of constancy of consumption of seeds, and the equation determining total pressure loss in the pneumatic conduit, emerging from the sum of the losses in the receiver, losses on the dispersal of the material after the receiver, and losses on the stopped movement of pneumatic mixtures
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