№ 160(6), June, 2020
Public date: 30.06.2020
Archive of journal: Articles count 15, 43 kb
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
Description
The urgent task facing the agro-industrial complex is the improvement of storage methods for agricultural products and the development of new ones. One of the actively cultivated crops, characterized by a variety of species, valuable taste and medicinal properties – grape. It is possible to provide the population with fresh grapes of high quality through the introduction of effective storage technologies that reduce losses, preserve marketable properties and biological value. One of the effective ways to preserve the quality of grapes during storage is the use of sulfur dioxide (SO2). This gas inhibits oxidative enzymes in berries, thereby reducing the rate of development of the phytopathogen Botrýtis cinérea, which causes gray rot. At the same time, it is especially important to control the rate of release of sulfur dioxide, since at the beginning of storage it is necessary to ensure the receipt of a large amount of it, which will eliminate Botrytis spores present on the surface of the berries and stabilize the existing damage. Further, during the entire period of storage of grapes, sulfur dioxide must be supplied in minimal quantities. Such dynamics of SO2 emission can be ensured by the use of two-phase generators of sulfur dioxide. The article investigated the effects of sulfur dioxide generators on the quality of grapes during storage. The study also investigates quality indicators of grapes of several varieties zoned in the Krasnodar region under long-term storage
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PROBABILITY-STATISTICAL MODELS OF CORRELATION AND REGRESSION
08.00.13 Mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics
Description
The correlation and determination coefficients are widely used in statistical data analysis. According to measurement theory, Pearson's linear paired correlation coefficient is applicable to variables measured on an interval scale. It cannot be used in the analysis of ordinal data. The nonparametric Spearman and Kendall rank coefficients estimate the relationship of ordinal variables. The critical value when testing the significance of the difference of the correlation coefficient from 0 depends on the sample size. Therefore, using the Chaddock Scale is incorrect. When using a passive experiment, the correlation coefficients are reasonably used for prediction, but not for control. To obtain probabilistic-statistical models intended for control, an active experiment is required. The effect of outliers on the Pearson correlation coefficient is very large. With an increase in the number of analyzed sets of predictors, the maximum of the corresponding correlation coefficients — indicators of approximation quality noticeably increases (the effect of “inflation” of the correlation coefficient). Four main regression analysis models are considered. Models of the least squares method with a determinate independent variable are distinguished. The distribution of deviations is arbitrary, however, to obtain the limit distributions of parameter estimates and regression dependences, we assume that the conditions of the central limit theorem are satisfied. The second type of model is based on a sample of random vectors. The dependence is nonparametric, the distribution of the two-dimensional vector is arbitrary. The estimation of the variance of an independent variable can be discussed only in the model based on a sample of random vectors, as well as the determination coefficient as a quality criterion for the model. Time series smoothing is discussed. Methods of restoring dependencies in spaces of a general nature are considered. It is shown that the limiting distribution of the natural estimate of the dimensionality of the model is geometric, and the construction of an informative subset of features encounters the effect of "inflation coefficient correlation". Various approaches to the regression analysis of interval data are discussed. Analysis of the variety of regression analysis models leads to the conclusion that there is no single “standard model”
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EFFECTIVENESS OF USING MULTIKAN-6 WHEN GROWING YOUNG FOXES
Description
The cost-effectiveness of animal husbandry in the conditions of Yakutia causes irreparable damage to viral diseases, such as salmonellosis, viral hepatitis, parvovirus enteritis and others. Based on this, in animal husbandry, increased attention is paid to the prevention of viral diseases. The work was carried out in the period from 2009 to 2012. in the conditions of LLC "Pokrovskoye animal husbandry" of the Khangalassky ulus of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Boning of young animals showed that all his indicators were higher for pups born in 2011. So body size and physique are rated higher by 15.15%, in males - by 20.58%. Hair color was better in females by 19.44%, in males by 22.66%. As a result, the classiness of the animals of the experimental groups was higher than that of pups born in 2010. The commodity properties of the animal products of experimental animals and its cost are consistent with the results of the valuation. The offset on the quality of the fur products of the experimental groups in 2011 was determined at 89.02%, which is higher than the 2010 results by 10.32%. The average cost of one fur of a silver-black fox in 2011 was 2225.62 rubles. Additional vaccination of the main herd of foxes in autumn against the viral diseases with the vaccine "Multikan-6" has a positive effect on the quality of the fur products. The economic effect amounted to 258.62 rubles per 1 skin of a silver-black fox (at 2020 prices)
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05.13.18 Mathematical modeling, numerical methods and software complexes
Description
The article presents ways to estimate the socio-economic condition of the subjects of the Russian Federation using fuzzy production systems, discriminant analysis and neural networks. This study is based on the thirteen indicators of the socio-economic condition of the regions of the Russian Federation identified by RIA Rating rating agency. The goal of the work is to develop a software package combining the estimation methods above and allowing to get three alternative estimation options for a subject of the Russian Federation, using these thirteen indicators. The developed program assigns each region an estimation from the following set: AAA– the highest socio-economic condition, AA - very high, A– high, BBB– above average, BB– average, B– below average, CCC– low, CC– very low, C– the lowest indicators of the socio-economic conditions in the region of the Russian Federation. The software package is developed in Matlab and has an intuitive interface. The results can be used as an alternative to current methods of estimation of the socio-economic indicators
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Description
Protection of farm animals from diseases remains one of the priority tasks for veterinary practice. A healthy animal is the key to obtaining high sanitary quality of livestock products. Among the veterinary-sanitary and organizational-economic measures carried out for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, disinfection is of particular importance. In the laboratory of veterinary and sanitary expertise of VNIIVSGE-branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, a new composite preparation “Hyponatum BPO” has been developed and is being tested. The studies found that the "Hyponat BPO" has a high disinfecting effect against gram-positive and gram-negative vegetative microflora, located on surfaces of various materials (wood, concrete, tile, stainless steel, plastic), both with the presence of protein protection, and without it
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PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGAR CORN DEPENDING ON NITROGEN FERTILIZERS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article gives a review of the results of studying the features of the formation of sugar corn grain yield depending on the application of nitrogen mineral fertilizers used for sowing and fertilizing. The object of research was the mid-early hybrid of corn called Krasnodarsky Sakharny 280 SV (FAO 280). In the experiment, 2 factors were studied: factor Ā - sowing nitrogen fertilizer (b / ud (k), 15 and 30 kg.d.v. / ha), factor B - root nitrogen fertilizing (b / ud (k), 15 and 30 kg.dv./ha). The total area of the plot is 20 m2, the accounting area is 10 m2. The number of rows in the plot is only 4, including accounting - 2. The plots are systematically placed. In the fall, the main mineral fertilizer was applied at a dose of N30P60K60, under the main tillage - plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm. Four-fold repetition. The predecessor is winter wheat. The counts and observations in the experiment were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Studies have established that the highest yield of ears of sugar corn in milk ripeness - 14.60 and 14.71 t / ha, respectively, was obtained on options with the addition of N30 when sowing + N15 or N30 in root dressing. A further increase in the dosage of nitrogen to 60 kg.d.v./ha does not lead to an increase in yield. The highest level of profitability was obtained with the option of sowing nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of 30 kg.d.v / ha in combination with nitrogen for top dressing at a dose of 15 kg.d.v / ha (N30 + N15)
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YIELD OF WINTER BARLEY OF VOLZHSKY PERVIY VARIETY DEPENDING ON DIFFERENT SOWING RATES
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article studies the effects of different sawing rates of witer barley on crop yield. The studies were conducted on the experimental field of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education in the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy at the Novinki training experimental establishment from 2015 to 2018 on light gray forest soils. The object of research was Volzhsky Perviy variety of winter barley. We studied different sowing rates: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 million germinating seeds per 1 hectare. The predecessor was clean fallow. On average, over 3 years of research, we observed the seeds field germination rate of 84.0-84.5%. The survival rate of plants at harvest was quite satisfactory 51.4-69.3%. We have noticed that an increase in the seeding rate from 2 to 7 million units / ha has led to a decrease in survival rate of plants by 17.9%. The highest grain yield in the experiment - 4.47 t / ha was obtained at a sowing rate of 6 million germinating seeds per 1 ha. An increase in the seeding rate from 2.0 to 7.0 million germinating seeds per 1 ha has led to an increase in the density of the productive stalk from 252 to 367 pcs / m2. The number of grains per spike in the study varied within a narrow range from 38 to 39 pieces, whereas the weight of 1000 grains varied from 32.7 to 33.8 g. We observed high spike productivity from 1.260 to 1.303 g due to the high number of grains per spike. Volzhsky Perviy variety of winter barley, showed good tillering ability when cultivated in the conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The coefficient of total tillering capacity varied from 2.03 to 2.78, whereas the productive tillering capacity varied from 1.99 to 1.42
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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER MODELS BETWEEN THE DEFENSE AND CIVIL SECTOR OF ECONOMY
08.00.13 Mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics
Description
The article considers the problem of increasing the efficiency of budget expenditures due to the transfer of military technology to the civilian sector of the economy. An analysis of foreign experience has shown that private companies are widely involved in a number of states to solve some of the infrastructure problems in the military sphere. In the USA, private companies provide communications and provide other information services to state power structures, which makes it possible to develop private business on the one hand and save budget expenses on the other. An analysis of domestic experience has shown that the use of military technologies for the production of civilian products and services in some cases can significantly save time and other resources. A model for the interaction of civilian companies with the defense complex and a diffusion model of military technologies have been developed. The article proposes creation of new structures that solve the problems of adapting military technologies to the requirements of civilian customers, as well as a database of adapted technologies and a technical investment center that supports small and medium-sized enterprises in the acquisition of equipment and technical documentation. The authors believe that the approaches proposed in the article to solving the problem of technology transfer will stimulate innovative activity in the country, reduce import dependence and increase the efficiency of budget expenditures
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05.13.10 Management in social and economic systems
Description
Geographical information systems are currently considered to be one of the most technologically advanced ways to observe natural processes. In many industries, geoinformation systems have found their application and show a positive effect from implementation. This article discusses the features of their application in the field of specially protected natural territories. The structure is given in accordance with Federal and regional legislation, as well as quantitative characteristics of specially protected natural territories of the Krasnodar region. The article also describes advantages of using geoinformation systems for specially protected natural territories
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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND TO THE SUBSTANTIATION OF LOADING A POTATO STORAGE CONTAINER
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
Description
Today, the main goal of the State Program is to ensure food independence of Russia within the framework of the Food Security Doctrine, which includes accelerated import substitution, namely the creation of new technologies in the field of potato storage, which in turn will reduce the supply of agricultural products from abroad. But, despite the existing success, the problem of potato losses during transportation and storage still remains in the Russian Federation, comprising from 30% to 40% of the grown crop, in many cases, by the end of storage, losses reach 60%. This article describes a container for transporting and storing potatoes in storage. The disassembled container is transported to the place of loading of the product, where it is mounted and loaded with potatoes. When loading containers for storing potatoes in order to reduce damage, various types of shock absorbers are used. One of the simplest absorbers is the rubberized fabric belts, which are deflected between the opposite edges of the container. The location of the belts, their width and the distance between them will determine the passage of potato tubers when they are loaded. Successful implementation of the presented design will help reduce mechanical damage to tubers and increase the safety of agricultural products
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