State Scientific Organization North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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Description
This article presents the results of testing IRAP DNA markers Cass1 and Cass2 applied to Prunus spinosa. The findings suggest the high perspectiveness of their using for the study of genetic diversity of the gene pool of this species. According to the results of the analysis of the sample 12 genotypes were identified from 6 to 13 fragments in the spectrum of Cass1 and from 5 to 11 fragments for Cass2. As a result of cluster analysis in the sample formed three groups of samples. In one of the groups, which is most distant from the other two, includes samples taken in Ukraine, while the remaining two groups included samples from Armenia, the Krasnodar region region, the Republic of Adygea, Ukraine and Moldova, and three cultural large-fruited form. The distribution of samples in clusters corresponded to their geographical origin that favors the objective assessment of genetic distances between the samples using Cass1 and Cass2 markers. Thus, it was concluded that the prospects of using DNA markers to study the genetic diversity within a species of Prunus spinosa
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SYSTEM-WIDE INDICATORS AND ASSESSMENT OF STABILITY OF REPRODUCTION PROCESSES IN BRANCH PRODUCTION
DescriptionMethodical approaches to assessment of stability of reproduction processes which cornerstone formation of system of the balanced indicators which is based on coordination of functional and system-wide stability is are developed. The system of estimated indicators of stability is offered. The analytical model of assessment of stability providing the choice of criteria of efficiency and formation of system of estimated indicators is developed, as well as the analysis of dynamics of the external influencing factors, productive and economic indicators, financial and economic indicators; identification of the most characteristic and significant functional interrelations and dimension of interference of factors; assessment of reproduction opportunities of subjects of branch business. Calculation of an integrated indicator of financial and economic stability is performed. The complex assessment of stability providing combination of private indicators of eco-economic, technological and economic, financial and economic stability in an integrated indicator by means of methods of multidimensional correlation is given. The analysis of the factors influencing the level of stability and efficiency allowing estimating reproduction opportunities of the economic entities making grapes and wine-making production to define interrelations and interferences between resultant indicators and factorial signs and also to designate the arising disproportions is carried out. The generalizing characteristic of the macroeconomic, market and production factors influencing stability of reproduction processes in industrial wine growing is given. Based on the carried-out analysis of the factors causing stability and efficiency of reproduction processes in industrial production of grapes, the main reasons reducing stability of branch production are established
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Description
In this article, the influence of foliar treatments with complex fertilizers (Polimiks-agro, Sprühdünger 2) and a growth regulator (SeaweedMix) in the cultivation of rootstocks and seedlings given the concentration of drugs and phase of plant development. The positive effect of fertilizer "Polimix-agro" on physiological processes in plants of SC2U apple rootstock in the formation of adaptive resistance to abiotic stresses of the summer period, where the best water-holding capacity of the leaves than in the control. It was found that a single non-root feeding in the uterine growth regulator called SeaweedMix when reaching rootstocks height of 10-15 cm, allows to increase the yield by increasing the growth activity, increase the standard of layering with a decrease in the number of lateral branches, as well as 3-fold non-root fertilizing fertilizer Sprühdunger 2 provided an increase in the quality of rootstocks on the diameter of the trunk and height
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IMPROVEMENT OF AGROTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS IN A FRUIT TREE NURSERY
DescriptionAgro-technological operations, achieved in the specialized fruit tree nurseries are directed toward the optimization of the seedlings cultivation conditions. The agro-chemicals application is one of the most important technological questions in production system. The method of the complex use of physiologically active materials with the nourishing salts is directed, in the first place, toward the development of the healthy, actively functioning assimilation apparatus of the perennial plant, whose task – the balanced increase and the formation of reproductive organs already in the early stages of ontogenesis. In the article the results of work on introduction into the flow chart of the production of the apple tree landing material of bio stimulants and fertilizers of the directional effect are represented. Positive effect from the introduction into the diagram of nourishing salts of stamp N20P8K8+1,5Mg+9S in different combinations with the preparations: «lignogumat» of sodium, «lignogumat» of potassium, by ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, by the natural stimulator of an increase «Silk» it was reflected in the level of the plants security of with mineral elements, it contributed to an increase on 5,7-10,2 % the diameter of trunk; the height of seedlings exceeded index in the control on 4,9-6,2 %
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Description
The results of the study of amino acids of white table wines depending on the yeast strain, continuous contact of wine with yeast biomass and the presence of lees stirring are presented. The dynamics of amino acids, which affect wine organoleptic characteristics and the formation of wine defects, specifically, tyrosine, methionine, threonine and lysine is shown. Conducted researches made it possible to divide the amino acids into three groups depending on the carrying out the batonnage or lack of it. The first group consisted of amino acids, the concentration of which practically has not changed in the presence or lack of stirring. The second and third groups include amino acids, the concentration of which increased and decreased, respectively during batonnage. The stirring of the wine with yeast biomass facilitated to the activation of mass transfer processes between cell and medium, and the access of air lead to oxidation of some amino acids and the change of its concentration. The absence of stirring influenced to a slight increase in the concentration of such amino acids as cystine, cysteine, β-phenylalanine, serine, α-alanine, leucine and glutamic acid. The experimental data allowed to arrange amino acids in a row depending on the speed of release into the medium: ά-aminobutyric acid > glutamic acid > α-alanine > leucine
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents brief results of the introduction of Hibiscus syriacus L. varieties for a signs collection in the south of Russia. Since 2007, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture (Krasnodar) has been working on the introduction and researching of Hibiscus Syriacus varieties and signs collection is being formed. Introduced varieties of hibiscus are obtained in zones with a moderate temperature-humidity regime, therefore not all are easily adapted in the conditions of the south of Russia. According to the results of the research, several varieties of sources of valuable traits have been identified. Varieties with pure white petals: Totus Alba, William R. Smith, White Chiffon, White Pillar. Varieties with bright crimson color petals: Freedom, Carneus Plenus, Woodbridge, Duc de Brabant. The Blue Chiffon variety is the source of bright blue petals, Sanchonyo is a source of bright purple-crimson petals. Of great value are varieties that have an unusual combination in the color of petals, like the varieties Monstrosus and Hamabo. By the sign: a large flower (d of a flower more than 12 cm), the collection includes varieties White Chiffon, Chaina Chiffon, Pink Giant. Variety Dorothi Crane and hybrids: T-16-11, T-7-11, K-16-12 are identified as sources of round, wheel-shaped flower. With a double flower type, the varieties are represented by varieties: Blue Chiffon, White Chiffon, China Chiffon, Leopoldii, Speciosus, Lucci, Sanchonyo, Freedom, Carneus Plenus. Varieties: Woodbrige, Russion Violet, Ledy Stenly, White Chiffon, China Chiffon, Purple Pillar are sources of abundant long (more than 3 months) flowering. With a high degree of self-purification after flowering, varieties are distinguished: White Chiffon, Sanchonyo, Purple Pillar, White Pillar, Freedom. Varieties: China Chiffon, Freedom, Lucii, Leopoldii, RussionViolet, hybrid forms: T-16-11, T-18-11, T-21- 12 are characterized by increased adaptability to abiotic factors in south of Russia. Dedicated varieties and forms - sources of valuable economic and biological characteristics are of interest for involving in selection and allow to model varieties with given properties
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TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF N. I. VAVILOV’S RULE ON HOMOLOGICAL SERIES IN HEREDITARY VARIABILITY
06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
Description100 years ago, on June 4, 1920, 32-year-old Professor of the Saratov University Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov (1887-1943) first reported at the III all-Russian selection Congress at the University of Saratov on his discovery of homological series in the study of parallelisms in the phenomena of hereditary variability by analogy with homological series of organic compounds. This discovery in genetics received the rank of law, the only one after the laws of G. Mendel. This major study was a further development of the genetic idea of C. Darwin on the origin of species. It showed the ways in which close species and genera of plants have a parallel formative process, because the crucial in the process of evolutionary development of living organisms – first of all, their genetic features. In cases where the development of a trait requires the joint and consistent action of many genes, the occurrence of homological series is inevitable, and this does not contradict the random variability of C. Darwin. In addition to its great genetic significance as a law of evolution, the law of homological series in hereditary variability is of great importance for botanists, plant breeders and breeders: it not only determines the place of each form in the plant world, but can also indicate to the breeder possible directions in his practical work. According to a number of geneticists and breeders, if G. Mendel discovered the rules of heredity, then N. I. Vavilov discovered the rules of variability
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Description
Industrial horticulture assumes the most effective use of the potential of varieties. One of the key factors determining the yield of garden plantings is the effectiveness of pollination. To obtain the maximum yield, it is necessary to ensure maximum pollination during the flowering period. For this reason, much attention has been paid to the selection of pollinators. Crab-apple forms are promising for use as pollinators, so this work was aimed at identifying the most common alleles of the self-incompatibility gene in the crab-forms using the molecular genetic method of analysis. The object of the study was 29 apple-tree creams and 3 elite selection forms. They carried out the molecular genetic identification of alleles S2 and S10, which are among the most common apple trees in the world gene pool. Allele S2 was identified in 16 samples (14 forms and 2 elite selection forms), while S10 allele in one sample (elite form 12/2-20 (24-28)). Data on the allelic composition of the S gene in the samples studied are of value for the formation of a genetic passport on the compatibility of the studied samples of apple with modern industrial varieties
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Description
Results of the research on ecological safety of utilizing high clearance tractors for cultivation and harvesting of high stalk plants are presented. Purpose of the research was to decrease damaging of high stalk plants during multi-pass harvesting by tractor parts. For increasing efficiency and competitiveness of high stalk plants decreasing prime cost of production, increasing profitability and labor productivity are required. This can be achieved by introducing complex factors, which together with other factors as complex technological and technical modernization are required. Basic direction of modernization is utilizing completely new technologies and renewal of machines. Modern tractors utilized for tobacco growing have been analyzed. Basic demands for high clearance tractor which can be used for tobacco, grape and fruit trees growing have been developed. Researches on studying the tobacco plant folding during harvesting have been carried. Scheme of high clearance tractor MTZ-80 which can be assembled with machines for multi-pass harvesting of high stalk plants without their damaging has been developed. New scheme for modernization tractor MTZ-80 into high clearance model has been proposed. It can be done by changing speed reducers and forward wheels with size 11,2x20 on size 11,2x28. This will increase clearance from 470 to 840 mm
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Description
Professional apple gardening is bound to particular risks, of which is essential losses of a harvest because of diseases. An apple scab, the caused Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter, brings the greatest loss. The main approach in monitoring of a scab of an apple-tree is creation of grades, steady against pathogen. In the present work we have carried out phytopathology testing of generations of the seedlings received from the free pollination of six forms of a crab of Malus orientalis from a collection MOS VIR (Maykop) characterized by a relative resistance to the apple scab in 2-3 classes of damage by long-term data. For infection we used inoculum, consisting both of natural population of a scab, and of strains of pathogen of various cultivars and geographical origin. When carrying out padding infection increase in force of an infectious background that can be bound to selection of the plants of biotypes of a fungus that are most adapted for genotypes was noted. It is recommended for precise elimination of unstable plants at selection at early stages of an ontogenesis to carry out more than one serial infection during the season. By results of the phytopathological testing, we highlighted three Malus orientalis forms from the six studied No. 17982, 17985 and 3080 the most perspective stability genes for an introgressiya in a cultural gene pool of an apple tree