State Scientific Organization North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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Description
In this article there have been given an analysis of a complex of biochemical signs, usual for cold resistant apple, cherry and plum sorts. There have been found the regularities of variability for different complexes of biochemical signs which is similar for all investigated cultures
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HYGROSCOPICITY OF MATURE GRAIN AS A MARKER OF WINTER BARLEY AND SUNFLOWER FROST RESISTANCE
Description
In the review article we present a comparative analysis of frost resistance of varieties of winter barley and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by the results of freezing in the refrigerating chambers and by the hygroscopicity of mature grain. On the example of a number of varieties of both cultures, it is shown that the higher the frost resistance of the variety, the smaller the volume of the supernatant can be obtained by extracting the press cake with a solution containing magnesium cations. It is assumed that increased hygroscopicity of winter barley and sunflower press cake is associated with a relatively high content of so - called "water-soluble starch" - β-glucan polysaccharides in its grain. The possibility of regulation of the degree of hygroscopicity under the influence of potassium (KNO3), zinc (ZnSO4) and gibberellic acid (GA3) was studied on a number of sunflower varieties. It was shown that treatment with a solution of potassium (a concentration of 50 ppm KNO3) of sunflower plants at the stage of 4 leaves leads to a significant increase in hygroscopicity of grain and hardiness of plants, little effect was given treatment with zinc (30 ppm ZnSO4) and a lesser effect was observed when treating plants gibberellovaja acid (20 ppm). Potassium treatment significantly intensified the biosynthesis of free Proline, phenolic compounds and soluble proteins. When processing zinc significantly increased the content of carbohydrates in sunflower plants. Hygroscopicity showed a significant correlation with the content of free Proline (R2=0.621), phenolic compounds (R2=0.907), total carbohydrates (R2=0.673) and soluble proteins (R2=0.708). It is assumed that the treatment of plants with potassium and zinc plays a key role in increasing the hygroscopicity of grain. The results of comparative studies of frost resistance on the degree of survival of plants during freezing in cold rooms and the degree of hygroscopicity of mature grain showed that these two methods of assessing frost resistance give very close data. At the same time, in terms of simplicity and low economic costs, the proposed method of assessing frost resistance is many times superior to the method of direct freezing of plants
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ДНК-ПАСПОРТИЗАЦИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ РОССИЙСКИХ СОРТОВ РИСА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ SSR-МАРКЕРОВ
Description
In the presented study, we have performed genotyping of modern Russian rice cultivars using microsatellite DNA-markers. The markers showed different level of allelic polymorphism: from 2 to 8 alleles per locus. For all studied cultivars,unique DNA-fingerprints were obtained
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Description
The results of the study of amino acids of white table wines depending on the yeast strain, continuous contact of wine with yeast biomass and the presence of lees stirring are presented. The dynamics of amino acids, which affect wine organoleptic characteristics and the formation of wine defects, specifically, tyrosine, methionine, threonine and lysine is shown. Conducted researches made it possible to divide the amino acids into three groups depending on the carrying out the batonnage or lack of it. The first group consisted of amino acids, the concentration of which practically has not changed in the presence or lack of stirring. The second and third groups include amino acids, the concentration of which increased and decreased, respectively during batonnage. The stirring of the wine with yeast biomass facilitated to the activation of mass transfer processes between cell and medium, and the access of air lead to oxidation of some amino acids and the change of its concentration. The absence of stirring influenced to a slight increase in the concentration of such amino acids as cystine, cysteine, β-phenylalanine, serine, α-alanine, leucine and glutamic acid. The experimental data allowed to arrange amino acids in a row depending on the speed of release into the medium: ά-aminobutyric acid > glutamic acid > α-alanine > leucine
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Description
This article presents the dispersal analysis of the effec-tive influence of dehydration’s correction on the func-tional condition and componential staff of the body weight of the road-bicyclists in an atmosphere of using of rehydrational drink
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Description
We have established a change in the concentration of nitrous connections - amino, ammonium, total nitrogen and protein - during the fermentation of grape must by different races of yeast. Yeast which ensure reduction in the number of nitrous connections at the stage of the active fermentation were isolated
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Description
The results of the study of the dynamics of physiological and biochemical parameters of the immune response of grapes to fungal pathogens are given in the article
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USING OF SSR MARKERS IN GENETIC STUDIES OF PRUNUS GENUS
Description
This article discusses the actual problem of using SSR-markers in studies of the genus Prunus. We have examined the works on the most important cultures of genus, collected and analyzed contemporary literature of the subject. Data of the initial stage of Prunus SSR-based genetic diversity study in the North-Caucasian region has been described in the presented publication
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TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF N. I. VAVILOV’S RULE ON HOMOLOGICAL SERIES IN HEREDITARY VARIABILITY
06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
Description
100 years ago, on June 4, 1920, 32-year-old Professor of the Saratov University Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov (1887-1943) first reported at the III all-Russian selection Congress at the University of Saratov on his discovery of homological series in the study of parallelisms in the phenomena of hereditary variability by analogy with homological series of organic compounds. This discovery in genetics received the rank of law, the only one after the laws of G. Mendel. This major study was a further development of the genetic idea of C. Darwin on the origin of species. It showed the ways in which close species and genera of plants have a parallel formative process, because the crucial in the process of evolutionary development of living organisms – first of all, their genetic features. In cases where the development of a trait requires the joint and consistent action of many genes, the occurrence of homological series is inevitable, and this does not contradict the random variability of C. Darwin. In addition to its great genetic significance as a law of evolution, the law of homological series in hereditary variability is of great importance for botanists, plant breeders and breeders: it not only determines the place of each form in the plant world, but can also indicate to the breeder possible directions in his practical work. According to a number of geneticists and breeders, if G. Mendel discovered the rules of heredity, then N. I. Vavilov discovered the rules of variability
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Description
The article investigates the possible pathways for the formation of crotonaldehyde in wine production in the result of the activity of wine yeast and lactic acid bacteria. It established that exposure to exhaust gases, noble rot, pathogens and pests on grape plant does not lead to the biosynthesis of crotonaldehyde in grape berry. The experimental data to identify probable pathways for the formation of crotonaldehyde during vinification has been presented. The effect of the test substance on the life of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria has been estimated
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