State Scientific Organization North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
-
A MODIFIED PROTOCOL OF RNA ISOLATION FROM MATURE LEAVES OF GRAPES FOR RT-PCR
DescriptionIsolation of high-quality RNA from the tissues of perennial woody plants, including woody grape vines, is very difficult due to the high content of phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites and polysaccharides and the ribonuclease activity of destroyed tissues. Most of the existing methods require either large time or financial costs, or do not give reproducible results in the case of RNA extraction from mature grape tissues. The modified isolation protocol is based on a combination and modification of the known RNA extraction methods, taking into account the characteristics of mature grape tissues. Existing commercial kits for the isolation of RNA from plant tissues showed a low efficiency of RNA extraction from mature grape tissues, primarily associated with "varietal specificity". Reproducible results in the extraction of RNA showed CTAB-method, however, it has several significant drawbacks associated with the duration of the extraction and the complexity of the processing of an RNA preparation with a DNAase. The developed method is based on increasing the concentration of mercaptoethanol and polyvinylpyrrolidone in the extraction buffer, eliminating the stage of RNA selective precipitation via LiCl, and replacing it with deposition on a silica-based membrane (SiO2) followed by processing with DNA-ase. and increase the purity of the preparation of RNA from genomic DNA in comparison with the original method. A modified isolation protocol was developed based on a combination and modification of known RNA extraction methods, taking into account the characteristics of mature grape tissues. This solution allows to obtain reproducible quantity and quality of RNA for the subsequent synthesis of cDNA and RT-PCR
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe results of the study of physiological and biochemical parameters of plum plants, changing when infecting plants Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) are shown. It was found that the infected leaves at the stage of full development of the content chlorophyll a reduced by 30 % in variety Stanley and by 6 % in Kabardinskaya rannaya, chlorophyll b in less than 49 % at Stanley, 37% in Kabardinskaya rannaya, carotenoids are less than 22 % in the variety Stanley and by 11% in the variety Kabardinskaya rannaya . Leaves infected with the virus pox (PPV), in comparison with not infected, the amount of protein were decreasing: in the variety Stanley by 21 %, in the variety Kabardinskaya rannaya by 28 %. In the period of active growth of the leaves change in the content of pigments and protein is more intense. The content of lignin in the tissues of leaves, infected with the virus pox (PPV), in comparison with not infected in the variety Stanley was below on 13 % and in the variety Kabardinskaya rannaya - 8 %. The total content of water of infected tissue on the stage of a full-time development is reduced in patients leaves as compared with not infected 11 % in the variety Stanley and by 1 % in the variety of Kabardinskaya rannaya. Throughout the period of development of foliage studied parameters vary depending on the variety
-
Description
This overview and theoretical article deals with the consideration of hypothetical possibilities for the development of molecular-kinetic markers of agricultural plants allowing to quantify the effect of genotype-environment interaction on the basis of stability studies of mRNA. The development in view is based on the results of studies of the mRNA decay identity in vivo and in vitro (the ommp system), as well as the phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi), widely studied in plants. The ommp system has allowed to establish the relationship of the cultivar-specific growth reaction to the effects of low positive temperatures, dehydration, salinity, illumination and biologically active substances with the stability of the total and a number of gene-specific mRNAs of green and etiolated seedlings of winter soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Similar studies of mRNA stability have been conducted on ripening grains of maize (Zea mays L.), with a particular result of the in vivo and in vitro decay identity confirmed for major mRNAs of stored proteins, 19 and 22 kDa zeins, of normal maize and mutant according to the regulatory gene opaque-2, changing the amount and stability of zein mRNA in the maturing grain of high-lysine maize. Regulatory response of the organism through RNAi is also multiple and includes neutralization of viral and bacterial infections, reaction to pathogens and biologically active substances, circadian rhythms, water stress, hypoxia, mechanical stress, mineral nutrition, salt stress and temperature changes. Unfavorable environmental influences result in an increase or decrease in the expression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs). The change in mRNA stability is an important component of the gene expression regulation system in eukaryotic cells. The main determinants of mRNA stability are in the 3'-untranslated region. It is the It is the (U)nА sequence and the degree of polyadenylation of mRNA, i.e. length of its terminal homonucleotide chain. It is to this region that mRNA molecules are complementary to miRNA. The most important component, which largely determines the regularity of the genotype-environment interaction, is the polyadenyl sequence at the 3 'end of the mRNA. Its length depends both on the genotype and on the environmental conditions. There is evidence that polyadenylation degree of mRNA determines the secondary structure of the molecule. As is known, deadenylation of mRNA reduces its lifetime, and when the poly-A-tail reaches several dozens of nucleotides, an explosive disintegration of the mRNA molecule occurs. Consequently, in a living cell the following mRNA decomposition scheme appears to be logical: shortening the poly-A-tail of the mRNA opens the sites of miRNA interaction with the 3'-non-coding region of the mRNA molecule, which causes its degradation. Thus, it is safe to assume that the interaction of mRNA and miRNA in the ommp system is the underlying process for molecular-kinetic markers under development
-
Description
The pathogenic agent of apple scab disease, Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Winter, causes significant damage to the industrial production of apples. Studying the pathogen in pure culture is important for solving the theoretical and practical issues of its biology. The sporulation ability of the Venturia inaequalis laboratory culture is an important diagnostic feature in morphological culture analysis, in the test for sensitivity to fungicides, when creating a collection inoculum for an artificial infection. We have studied the morphological features of conidiogenesis of pure V. inaequalis culture, such as the location of conidiogenic structures and their form. For the first time in the laboratory culture of the pathogen, sporulation in the thickness of agar on the substrate mycelium was demonstrated. Conidiogenesis proceeded according to the blastic-annellidic type. Depending on the location of the conidiogenic structures on the aerial or substrate mycelium, their morphology was different. Conidiogenic areas in the substrate mycelium could be observed with the unaided eye, in the form of hyphal grit, while they were conidia conglomerations in each annelid. Annellide had a curved shape. On the aerial mycelium, annelids were straight and always had only one conidium. Differences in the morphology of conidiogenic structures are supposed to be related to the physical conditions of the environment in which sporulation takes place. In the agar, each mature conidium remaining at the apex of the annelid interferes with the formation of the next one, which results in its bending. The fixed arrangement of conidiogenic structures and forming conidia in the thickness of agar allows the use of substrate sporification for model studies of the conidiogenesis process
-
INTRODUCTION OF NEW GRAPES VARIETIES TO THE IN VITRO CULTURE
DescriptionClonal micro-multiplication – is this the basic method of obtaining the qualitative virus-free planting material. The high quality specificity of the explants reaction of the grapes varieties to the composition of nutrient medium requires the individual selection of the medium components for the most successful multiplication in vitro. In the article we present the results of studies on the cultivation of the grapes apexes in vitro the modified medium with the reduced content of macrocells. As a result of conducted investigations we have established that for the grapes varieties of Academic Trubilin, Artemis, Gurman Kraynova, Maria Kallas, Nizina, Petit Verdo and Traminer Black the most effective introduction into the in vitro culture (acclimatization of apexes 80- 100%) occurs on modified nutrient medium to Murasige and Skoog (1962), by being differed in terms of the content macro-elements (mG/l): NH4NO3 – 1237; KNO3 – 1425; MgSO4 · 7N2O – 277,5; KN2PO4 · H2O – 277,5, of the vitamin Of v1 – 10,0 mG/l, nicotinic acid – 4 mG/l. Remaining varieties of Kishmish luchistiy, Preobrajenie, Roshfor K and Yubiley Novocherkasska in the same medium were developed slowly and in a different way
-
HYGROSCOPICITY OF MATURE GRAIN AS A MARKER OF WINTER BARLEY AND SUNFLOWER FROST RESISTANCE
DescriptionIn the review article we present a comparative analysis of frost resistance of varieties of winter barley and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by the results of freezing in the refrigerating chambers and by the hygroscopicity of mature grain. On the example of a number of varieties of both cultures, it is shown that the higher the frost resistance of the variety, the smaller the volume of the supernatant can be obtained by extracting the press cake with a solution containing magnesium cations. It is assumed that increased hygroscopicity of winter barley and sunflower press cake is associated with a relatively high content of so - called "water-soluble starch" - β-glucan polysaccharides in its grain. The possibility of regulation of the degree of hygroscopicity under the influence of potassium (KNO3), zinc (ZnSO4) and gibberellic acid (GA3) was studied on a number of sunflower varieties. It was shown that treatment with a solution of potassium (a concentration of 50 ppm KNO3) of sunflower plants at the stage of 4 leaves leads to a significant increase in hygroscopicity of grain and hardiness of plants, little effect was given treatment with zinc (30 ppm ZnSO4) and a lesser effect was observed when treating plants gibberellovaja acid (20 ppm). Potassium treatment significantly intensified the biosynthesis of free Proline, phenolic compounds and soluble proteins. When processing zinc significantly increased the content of carbohydrates in sunflower plants. Hygroscopicity showed a significant correlation with the content of free Proline (R2=0.621), phenolic compounds (R2=0.907), total carbohydrates (R2=0.673) and soluble proteins (R2=0.708). It is assumed that the treatment of plants with potassium and zinc plays a key role in increasing the hygroscopicity of grain. The results of comparative studies of frost resistance on the degree of survival of plants during freezing in cold rooms and the degree of hygroscopicity of mature grain showed that these two methods of assessing frost resistance give very close data. At the same time, in terms of simplicity and low economic costs, the proposed method of assessing frost resistance is many times superior to the method of direct freezing of plants
-
ДНК-ПАСПОРТИЗАЦИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ РОССИЙСКИХ СОРТОВ РИСА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ SSR-МАРКЕРОВ
DescriptionIn the presented study, we have performed genotyping of modern Russian rice cultivars using microsatellite DNA-markers. The markers showed different level of allelic polymorphism: from 2 to 8 alleles per locus. For all studied cultivars,unique DNA-fingerprints were obtained
-
APPROBATION OF SSR-ANALYSIS FOR DNA-IDENTIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL WINE YEAST STRAINS
DescriptionThe study was performed to genotype some commercial wine yeast strains with SSR-markers. Five polymorphic SSR-markers were tested in a selection of 15 yeast strains. Tested SSR-markers showed a high level of informativeness as well as polymorphism and can be used further to analyze the genetic diversity of wine yeast
-
PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF BERRIES BY STRAWBERRY HYBRIDS OF NCRRIHV BREEDING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the results of evaluation of 20 strawberry hybrids by breeding in the NCRRIHV on the traits of productivity and chemical composition of berries. The results of the grouping of studied hybrids at the number of berries per plant and average weight of berries were shown. We have also highlighted the best hybrids, that shows the maximum number of berries (pcs per plant) – 2-10-06 Firework × Honey, 5-2- 06 Primella × Marmolada and average weight of berries (g) - 5-1-12 Elsanta × Alba, 11-7-06 Molling Pandora × Marmolada, 7-1-12 Elsanta × Camarosa, 6-1-06 Vesnyanka × Primella, 2-4-12 Eros × Camarosa, 3-4- 12 Belrubi × Camarosa. It was found that the integrated combination of high productivity characteristic values (the number of berries per plant and average weight of berries) are not mentioned in any of the hybrid selections. Study of the traits of berries quality in strawberry hybrids showed that they contain from 6,3 to 11,4% soluble solids, from 4,8 to 8,6% sugar, from 0,62 to 1,30% acid, the sugar-acid ratio It varies from 4,0 to 8,8 relative units. Almost all the studied hybrids accumulate in the berries more vitamin C in comparison with the control variety Honey. According to the complex biochemical parameters highlighted hybrids 2-9-12 Eros × Camarosa, 2-4-12 Eros × Camarosa, 5- 3-12 Elsanta × Alba, 3-1-12 Belrubi × Camarosa
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article gives a brief summary on the results of the introduction of rose varieties of climbing type in the central sub-zone of the Krasnodar region. Starting from the year 2000 in our institute a collection of roses from different garden groups, which includes 164 varieties, has been formed. Presently the rose varieties with long stems (from 2.5 m or more) are popular among specialists of landscape industry and floristlovers. Therefore we carry on introductions and study rose varieties of the groups of Rambler and LargeFlowered Climber. Rose varieties with valuable decorative signs, with enhanceable resistance to cold and drought-resistingness are selected. The valuable varieties and sources of the indicated signs are identified. Varieties of Albertine, American Pillar, Devichiy grezy are the sources of bright flower color; Bobbie James, Dorothy Perkins, Duc de Constantine - sources of long (more than 4 meters) of flexible shoots Warthburg - the source of early flowering. Variety New Daun - one of the few varieties of Rambler, which is characterized by re-bloom throughout the growing season in the conditions of the Krasnodar region. The indicative collection of several rose varieties includes the group of Large-Flowered Climber. A variety called Adzhimushkay is a source of large fragrant flowers of bright and early flowering. For the variety of Crimskiy Motive we noted the presence of a valuable feature - long flowering during the dry season (July-August). Flammentanz was included into the collection as one of the most winter resistant varieties of large-flowered. Promising varieties of the series of Super Rambler in the conditions of Krasnodar in the dry season formed short shoots, and flowers were not formed. Rose varieties included into the collection can be considered indicative of "anchor" genotypes, which are valuable for involvement into the selection process