The state scientific institution Anapsky zone experimental station of wine growing and winemaking of the NCZSRIGandW of the Russian academy of agricultural sciences
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF SOILS TAMAN PENINSULA
Description
The work presents the results of the scientific research in the Taman Peninsula soil properties. We carry out the historic review of the studies in the Taman Peninsula soils, and its geological structure. We present morphological characteristics of the soil profile for the southern, calcareous, ultra heavy loam chernozem developed from the loessial loams and forming genetic horizons. The studies of the humus content in the soils show the associations between its percentage and the type and intensity of the agricultural use. Studies of the soils structure and composition demonstrate marked aggravation of the soils physical properties caused by grape growing. The best results of the particle size analysis have been achieved for the woodland soils. In woodlands, after their establishment, the soils under the grass and crown layers develop free of the anthropogenic impact. We register self-supporting growth of organic matter and natural processes of soil fertility recovery; therefore, such soils are characterized with a greater content of organic matter as compared to the soils under grape plantings cultivated in the monoculture regime. Reduced soil organic matter (humus) content in vineyards results from the disturbed biological interchange of the matter and increased anthropogenic impact causing erosion processes
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PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT HYBRID FORM OF GRAPES OF TECHNICAL SORTS FOR IMPROVING THE ASSORTMENT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Many old varieties of grapes do not meet modern requirements, so there is a need for improved assortment of new high-quality varieties. The translation of the vineyards of the black sea coast of the Krasnodar region on inoculated culture is not fully decided the fate of the viticulture of the area. Weak resistance of American rootstocks to increased content of calcium and salts in the soil, caused the weakening of the bushes, reducing the vigor of the shoots, their maturation and yield of grape plantations in some areas of the district while reducing their quality indicators. In this regard, the development of new high-yielding varieties suitable for own-rooted viticulture remains the most urgent task for breeders. The article shows the potential of many years of breeding work and study of grapes of technical varieties in Anapa Zone Station, tolerant to phylloxera and resistant to fungal diseases and frost, with high quality products and gives a brief description of some prominent grape varieties
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PHENOTYPING OF HIGH-QUALITY TECHNICAL GRAPES OF AZOSVIV SELECTION IN THE AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
A variety determines the direction of use of grape products and plays a leading role in improving its quality. Preservation of genetic resources of grapes and their studying are very important for modern science. The studied material makes it possible to use the selected genetic characteristics for breeding new varieties of grapes, taking into account the requirements, and introducing them into production, as well as highlighting the most valuable varieties for transferring them to the state variety testing. Among a wide variety of grape varieties, in the ampelographic collection there are varieties of AZOSVIV selection of the technical direction: Krasnostop AZOS and Dostoiniy, for which complete phenotyping was carried out. The phenological and agrobiological information on the grape varieties studied for 2015- 2017 is collected. The presented grades of grapes of the technical direction are characterized by high quality of production. The wines from the varieties Krasnostop AZOS and Dostoiniy are competitive, characterized with high consumer properties; they enjoy the well-deserved fame and were nominees of exhibitions and holders of diplomas repeatedly. Based on the results of microsatellite profiling, the varieties showed a sort-specific general combination of alleles. At the same time, in each locus there is one identical allele, which corresponds to the fact that the varieties Krasnostop AZOS and Dostoiniy have one common parent (Phylloxer-resistant Gemete). The received formulas of a variety (DNA-passports) in practice can be effectively applied to determine the cleanliness of planting stock and plantations of grapes, specification of the parent forms of the sample and in the disputed questions of the authorship of the variety. The study was supported by Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations program for support the bioresource collections
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GRAPE VARIETIES OF THE ANAPA AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION AND THEIR USE IN BREEDING WORK
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In the world, huge work is being done to create global information banks of plant genetic resources. The need for conservation and rational use of genetic resources in modern conditions has become very relevant. Genetic collections are the basis for selection work: creating new varieties, replenishing the assortment with new, classic, introduced and native varieties, adapted to the natural (soil and climatic) conditions of the cultivation sites. In the Anapa ampelographic collection, 4911 varieties of various ecogeographical and genetic origin are represented, the use of which provides great opportunities for creating and breeding new varieties, their state testing and zoning. In the gene pool of the ampelographic collection, most varieties of V. vinifera L. grapes are represented by local honeycombs of different regions of the grape culture, and more than one fourth of varieties of V. vinifera L. are obtained from intraspecific crossings. Despite the value of local varieties of grapes, they do not always meet all the requirements of production. Therefore, to improve the local assortment, it is necessary to carry out selection - breeding new varieties of grapes. This article presents the long-term results of the work on the selection of varieties of table and technical directions in the Anapa ampelographic collection used for breeding. Also, the role of the genetic collection in the creation of new generation varieties by combinative selection is shown - as donors for creating new varieties of grapes. Dedicated varieties are the sources of valuable traits, which are given primary importance and are especially important for the viticulture of the Russian Federation
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DESTRUCTION OF SOIL STRUCTURE WHEN CULTIVATING GRAPES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The ecological state of soil on the globe is unstable. Intensification of agricultural production is accompanied by negative trends in changes in soil fertility. One of the most important indicators of soil fertility is its structural state. With a long time cultivation of grapes in one place, the physical properties of the soil deteriorate. The purpose of our research is to study the process of destruction of soil structure during the cultivation of vineyards. The object of research is the soils of plots of various agricultural uses (vineyards, field crop rotation, forest belts). The research methods used in the work are route-field surveys, a laboratory study of the waterphysical properties of the soil. The article presents the data of the structural-aggregate composition of the soil from plots of various agricultural uses. From the data given, it can be seen that the soil occupied by the vine plantations is characterized by a poor structure and low structure of the arable horizon. The share of agronomically valuable aggregates is 40.4%, the structural coefficient is 0.68 units, while in the forest belt this figure is 5.7 units. The increased mechanical load on the soil during the cultivation of vineyards leads to a deterioration in the physical properties of the soil. Soil with low indicators of physical condition is more susceptible to erosion processes, such as water and wind erosion. Water erosion annually causes great damage to agricultural lands throughout the world. The article clearly demonstrates and scientifically substantiated the negative effect of the system of soil content of vineyards on the type of black steam. Also proposed are ways to reduce the mechanical load on the soil and prevent the development of degradation processes in the soils of vineyards
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PERSPECTIVE OF USING KRASNOSTOPS OF THE ANAPA STATION SELECTION IN THE WINE-MAKING
Description
Currently, more and more popular in the world are indigenous grape varieties. Now in Russia and abroad there is a growing interest in Krasnostops - a high quality indigenous red grape varieties of technical direction. The object of research was the red technical grape variety called Krasnostop Anapa and Krasnostop AZOS, grown in Anapa ampelocalamus and wine from them. As a control, we used two classic grape varieties of varying degrees of saturation in color and extract content of the wines of Cabernet Sauvignon and Saperavi. The article presents the materials of years of research – agrobiological, technological and economic indicators of technical grades of grapes of selection of the Anapa station – Krasnostop Anapa and Krasnostop AZOS. The amount of anthocyanins in wine from Anapa Krasnostops has superior data for these components in the control options. The mass concentration of phenolic substances and their monomer forms in wine materials of grape varieties Krasnostop AZOS and Krasnostop Anapsky is higher than in the quality control of red wines-Cabernet Sauvignon, which indicates a high accumulation of phenolic substances in new grape varieties. In the years of the study of Krasnostop AZOS and Krasnostop Anapsky on organoleptic properties of wine has received good performance - and of 8.78 8.73 points. The brands of wines developed on their basis will fill up a number of high-quality table and liqueur red wines in the Russian market. These grapes have high potential and great prospects in the light of the global trend of their use in winemaking. All this allows to recommend these grades for wide introduction into production in the southern wine-growing regions of Russia
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GRAPE SORTIMENT OF TWO KUBAN ZONES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Results of four-year (2004-2007) researches of perspective technical grape varieties by contrast zones of Krasnodar region : in central- Antaris, Beisug, Cabernek, Clairette Temryk, Litdar, Merlok, Muscat Kuban, Rislinalk, Risling Kuban, Shardonek, in Anapa-Krasnostop AZOS, Rubin AZOS and to the memory of Zotkina, were cited in the article. It was shown their superiority under control varieties. Ampelographical screening of gene pool was carried out in subzone Temryk on the plot of I.G. Karas’ in 2007 and in the result of which there were selected some perspective varieties: Arcadia, Victoria, Hybrid 342, Long-waited , Lora, Original.
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NEW VARIETIES AND FORMATIONS OF GRAPES ROOTSTOCKS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In the modern wine growing, for fighting against root phylloxera an inoculation of European-Asian grapes varieties on rootstocks steady against this wrecker is used. In this article we present the information about the types of rootstocks of domestic and foreign breeding used in the modern branch of wine growing. The area of their use is described; the useful properties of rootstocks and their demerits are highlighted. The purpose of this work is creating new grapes rootstocks which wouldn't have the merits of existing rootstocks. The short description of the grapes rootstocks which were created in the Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of wine growing and winemaking such as AZOS-1, AZOS-2, AZOS-3, AZOS-4, AZOS-5 and AZOS-6 is given in the article. It is indicated that these rootstocks have a high resistance to a leaf form of phylloxera, to chlorosis and to some other diseases of a grapes bush. They have the short period of vegetation, high quantity of standard cutting from hectare and other useful properties. In the article the description of a new formation of rootstocks grapes bushes of "AOS- 1" and "AOS-2" with a free trail shoots is given. This construction of grapes bush is developed by the Anapa's Zonal Experimental Station of wine growing and winemaking. We have also given all the advantages of this forming in comparison with other designs of grapes bushes. It is especially noted that use of this forming of bushes increases the productivity per men in the process of bushes scrap and preparation of cutting; the expenditures on the struggle against diseases and wreckers on the vineyards are reduced; the quantity standard of grapes cutting increases by 27-33%
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Description
The creation of high-quality grape varieties of domestic breeding is relevant in order to successfully import substitution. The purpose of these studies was to isolate and study the hybrid forms of the technical direction for the creation of promising high-quality grape varieties of domestic breeding, tolerant to phylloxera and with high quality wine-making products. The objects of research were the breeding forms of grapes of the technical direction, growing in on the hybrid section AZOSViW - a branch of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW. The studies were performed using modern and generally accepted programs and techniques. The selection of elite forms according to a complex of attributes based on many years of field and laboratory research is one of the main stages of the selection process. As a result of studying the potential of hybrid forms of grapes, the selection of AZOSViW of the technical direction highlighted the hybrid forms of grapes to the elite: III -59-21, III - 62-9, with good quality of final products and tolerance to phylloxera. The article presents a brief description of selected elite forms of grapes. The selected hybrid forms belong to the early-medium term of ripening, accumulate a high concentration of sugars and have an average cluster weight greater than that of the control variety called Krasnostop Anapa
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STUDY OF SOIL WATER REGIME ON VINEYARDS OF ANAPA - TAMAN SUBZONE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
One of the limiting factors to obtain high yields of grape plantations in Anapa-Taman subzones with good quality is moisture. Grape plant adapts well to a limited amount of moisture in the soil. The penetration of roots deep into the soil horizons may reach 5-6 meters, provided with a moderate density of the soil and the lack of limiting factors such as the presence of ground water and limiting the content of toxic soluble salts. In the course of mathematical data processing we have established a trend of increasing average annual rate of precipitation in the period from 1932 to 2015. In the years when the amount of precipitation for the year exceeds the average long-term performance, the key amount of precipitation in the summer months in a downpour and in a limited area. Average annual amount of precipitation in the period from 1932 to 2015 was 519 mm, the minimum was recorded in 2002 (324 mm), the maximum - in 1981 (800 mm). Despite the general trend of increasing average annual rainfall over the years, moisture deficit is in the soil. Accounting of moisture saving dynamics in the soil in the 2015-2016's indicates the absence of moisture reserves. Optimal soil moisture values were observed only in May and June, and only half meter layer of soil. In the phase of growth and ripening berries (July, August, September) soil moisture content was much lower than the permissible value, which is comparable with the level of wilting point. For the stable-quality grape raw materials it is necessary to pay more attention to the water and the air regime of the soil
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