The state scientific institution Anapsky zone experimental station of wine growing and winemaking of the NCZSRIGandW of the Russian academy of agricultural sciences
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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DESTRUCTION OF SOIL STRUCTURE WHEN CULTIVATING GRAPES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The ecological state of soil on the globe is unstable. Intensification of agricultural production is accompanied by negative trends in changes in soil fertility. One of the most important indicators of soil fertility is its structural state. With a long time cultivation of grapes in one place, the physical properties of the soil deteriorate. The purpose of our research is to study the process of destruction of soil structure during the cultivation of vineyards. The object of research is the soils of plots of various agricultural uses (vineyards, field crop rotation, forest belts). The research methods used in the work are route-field surveys, a laboratory study of the waterphysical properties of the soil. The article presents the data of the structural-aggregate composition of the soil from plots of various agricultural uses. From the data given, it can be seen that the soil occupied by the vine plantations is characterized by a poor structure and low structure of the arable horizon. The share of agronomically valuable aggregates is 40.4%, the structural coefficient is 0.68 units, while in the forest belt this figure is 5.7 units. The increased mechanical load on the soil during the cultivation of vineyards leads to a deterioration in the physical properties of the soil. Soil with low indicators of physical condition is more susceptible to erosion processes, such as water and wind erosion. Water erosion annually causes great damage to agricultural lands throughout the world. The article clearly demonstrates and scientifically substantiated the negative effect of the system of soil content of vineyards on the type of black steam. Also proposed are ways to reduce the mechanical load on the soil and prevent the development of degradation processes in the soils of vineyards
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GRAPE VARIETIES OF THE ANAPA AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION AND THEIR USE IN BREEDING WORK
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In the world, huge work is being done to create global information banks of plant genetic resources. The need for conservation and rational use of genetic resources in modern conditions has become very relevant. Genetic collections are the basis for selection work: creating new varieties, replenishing the assortment with new, classic, introduced and native varieties, adapted to the natural (soil and climatic) conditions of the cultivation sites. In the Anapa ampelographic collection, 4911 varieties of various ecogeographical and genetic origin are represented, the use of which provides great opportunities for creating and breeding new varieties, their state testing and zoning. In the gene pool of the ampelographic collection, most varieties of V. vinifera L. grapes are represented by local honeycombs of different regions of the grape culture, and more than one fourth of varieties of V. vinifera L. are obtained from intraspecific crossings. Despite the value of local varieties of grapes, they do not always meet all the requirements of production. Therefore, to improve the local assortment, it is necessary to carry out selection - breeding new varieties of grapes. This article presents the long-term results of the work on the selection of varieties of table and technical directions in the Anapa ampelographic collection used for breeding. Also, the role of the genetic collection in the creation of new generation varieties by combinative selection is shown - as donors for creating new varieties of grapes. Dedicated varieties are the sources of valuable traits, which are given primary importance and are especially important for the viticulture of the Russian Federation
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PHENOTYPING OF HIGH-QUALITY TECHNICAL GRAPES OF AZOSVIV SELECTION IN THE AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
A variety determines the direction of use of grape products and plays a leading role in improving its quality. Preservation of genetic resources of grapes and their studying are very important for modern science. The studied material makes it possible to use the selected genetic characteristics for breeding new varieties of grapes, taking into account the requirements, and introducing them into production, as well as highlighting the most valuable varieties for transferring them to the state variety testing. Among a wide variety of grape varieties, in the ampelographic collection there are varieties of AZOSVIV selection of the technical direction: Krasnostop AZOS and Dostoiniy, for which complete phenotyping was carried out. The phenological and agrobiological information on the grape varieties studied for 2015- 2017 is collected. The presented grades of grapes of the technical direction are characterized by high quality of production. The wines from the varieties Krasnostop AZOS and Dostoiniy are competitive, characterized with high consumer properties; they enjoy the well-deserved fame and were nominees of exhibitions and holders of diplomas repeatedly. Based on the results of microsatellite profiling, the varieties showed a sort-specific general combination of alleles. At the same time, in each locus there is one identical allele, which corresponds to the fact that the varieties Krasnostop AZOS and Dostoiniy have one common parent (Phylloxer-resistant Gemete). The received formulas of a variety (DNA-passports) in practice can be effectively applied to determine the cleanliness of planting stock and plantations of grapes, specification of the parent forms of the sample and in the disputed questions of the authorship of the variety. The study was supported by Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations program for support the bioresource collections
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PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT HYBRID FORM OF GRAPES OF TECHNICAL SORTS FOR IMPROVING THE ASSORTMENT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Many old varieties of grapes do not meet modern requirements, so there is a need for improved assortment of new high-quality varieties. The translation of the vineyards of the black sea coast of the Krasnodar region on inoculated culture is not fully decided the fate of the viticulture of the area. Weak resistance of American rootstocks to increased content of calcium and salts in the soil, caused the weakening of the bushes, reducing the vigor of the shoots, their maturation and yield of grape plantations in some areas of the district while reducing their quality indicators. In this regard, the development of new high-yielding varieties suitable for own-rooted viticulture remains the most urgent task for breeders. The article shows the potential of many years of breeding work and study of grapes of technical varieties in Anapa Zone Station, tolerant to phylloxera and resistant to fungal diseases and frost, with high quality products and gives a brief description of some prominent grape varieties
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DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF SOILS TAMAN PENINSULA
Description
The work presents the results of the scientific research in the Taman Peninsula soil properties. We carry out the historic review of the studies in the Taman Peninsula soils, and its geological structure. We present morphological characteristics of the soil profile for the southern, calcareous, ultra heavy loam chernozem developed from the loessial loams and forming genetic horizons. The studies of the humus content in the soils show the associations between its percentage and the type and intensity of the agricultural use. Studies of the soils structure and composition demonstrate marked aggravation of the soils physical properties caused by grape growing. The best results of the particle size analysis have been achieved for the woodland soils. In woodlands, after their establishment, the soils under the grass and crown layers develop free of the anthropogenic impact. We register self-supporting growth of organic matter and natural processes of soil fertility recovery; therefore, such soils are characterized with a greater content of organic matter as compared to the soils under grape plantings cultivated in the monoculture regime. Reduced soil organic matter (humus) content in vineyards results from the disturbed biological interchange of the matter and increased anthropogenic impact causing erosion processes
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