The All-Russia scientific research institute of tobacco, makhorka and tobacco products
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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STUDY OF XENOBIOTICS INFLUENCE ON SOIL ALGAE FLORA
Description
Use of algae as bioindicators on soil pollution by xenobiotics was studied in Krasnodar territory. There was diagnosed the low specific content of soil algae on the territory of a pesticide warehouse. There were presented some species, characteristic for the polluted soils.
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UTILIZATION OF THE WORLD TOBACCO COLLECTION’S GENETIC RESOURCES FOR BREEDING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Tobacco collection of All-Russian research institute of tobacco, makhorka and tobacco products is unique and only in the world because of its quantity and composition. It has 4500 foreign and national sorts of tobacco, Nicotiana Rustica and wild species of Nicotiana variety from 70 countries around the world. According to sort breeding aims, compliant with agricultural demands for 20 year period (1994-2014), 15 000 sorts of tobacco, Nicotiana Rustica and wild species of Nicotiana variety were analyzed. 820 donor sorts with valuable properties were defined and the best of them were involved in breeding process. During national selection history on the base of institute’s world tobacco collection over 180 sorts and hybrids of tobacco were created by our breeders. In recent years the interest from farmers and other small plant growers in tobacco production is constantly raising. As some of them are from northern non-traditional for Russia tobacco growing regions there is necessity for more intense utilization of the world collection’s genetic resources
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FINAL INDICATORS OF VALUABLE PROPERTIES FOR NEW TOBACCO SORTS (FOR FIVE YEAR PERIOD)
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Basic aim of institute’s breeding is to keep, renew and increase selection and genetic resources of Nicotiana tabacum. Final stages of this work are competitive and state sort testing procedures. Their results are base for zoning new sorts. In the article, the results on testing 8 new tobacco sorts of Trapezond and Ostrolist sort type are presented. Testing on experimental field situated in Severskii district of the Krasnodar region lasted for five years. For this purpose, phenological observations, biometric and technological properties measuring, plant productivity and dried tobacco quality assessments and other operations were carried. As the result, Trapezond 25, Ostrolist 360 and Sheptalskii 63 sorts may be recommended for zoning and utilizing in industry. Trapezond 25 and Sheptalskii 63 are sorts with high productivity, high quality of dried tobacco and good curing properties. Ostrolist 360 when earlymiddle maturing keeps high productivity and quality of cured tobacco. Other sorts: Trapezond 115, Ostrolist 311, Ostrolist 149, Ostrolist 90, Krupnolistniy 22 can be initial material for further selection
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SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TOBACCO SEEDS GROWING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Nicotiana tabacum and rustica are facultative self-pollinated plants, therefore, because of pollination peculiarities, specific methods are applicable to growing seeds of this plants. Researches on mass, individual and family, recurrent methods of seeds selection for productivity and sowing properties are carried in the institute for revealing most efficient methods of getting seeds. Seeds growing system for Nicotiana tabacum and rustica is a part of general seeds growing system for all agricultural plants and consists of breeding, testing new sorts, mass reproduction of seeds with retained biological and productivity properties, seeds harvesting and controlling their sort and sowing properties. Primary growing of nicotiana tabacum and rustica seeds is carried by individual and family or recurrent selection and further testing of chosen plants, distinctive for this sort, on economically valuable and biological properties. Peculiarities of each zoned sort are kept by retaining its primary genome with constant selection of highly productive genotypes, specific for this sort. Well-organized seed growing system leads to sort potential revealing. Biotype composition of sort is obviously changing in a few years, so primary seeds growing system should be constantly improved
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Description
The article contents substantiation of the choice of physical method (a constant magnetic field and laser) for intensification of artificial drying of tobacco
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PROVING THE INNOVATIVE MANUAL HAR-VESTING TECHNOLOGY AND GREEN LEAF PROCESSING IN ONE FLOW
Description
Research results on elaboration manual harvesting technology and green leaf processing in one flow for farmers are presented. The result of proposed technology is decreasing labor expenses in 1.3–1.4 times and related costs on 20–25 % compared to manual harvesting and preparation leaves for curing
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DEFINITION OF HEIGHT OF PULLING BODY INSTALLATION
Description
In the article signs of sprouts of the tobacco are considered, allowing to make its division on suitable and unsuitable to disembarkation. Essentially new scheme of the working body is presented, allowing to make sample of sprouts vegetable and commercial crops from ground with pulling
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OPTIMAL PARAMETERS OF TECHNOLOGICAL LINE FOR LOADING TOBACCO LEAVES INTO CONTAINERS
Description
The article presents the research results on parameters optimization of technological line for loading tobacco leaves into containers. The aim of the research was decreasing labor expenses on preparing tobacco for artificial curing. This was achieved by line modernization utilized for loading tobacco leaves into containers. We have also developed working parts of technological line for automatic loading of tobacco leaves into containers. Researches on weight studying of tobacco leaves of 3 sorts zoned in the Krasnodar region have been carried out. Dispersion analysis has not revealed weight differences between sorts, therefore, further researches can be carried for one sort. Optimization of working part for loading tobacco leaves into containers was carried by analysis of regression equation obtained by bifactorial experiment. Irregularity of leaf position was taken as optimization criterion. It has been discovered that optimal regimes: transporter belt speed v=2,8m/s, number of transporter’s double movements n=19 min-1 can be used for uniform container loading by leaves. Researches on studying line capacity on leaves position irregularity revealed that maximal uniformity obtained when line capacity is 260 kg/h
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EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING EQUIPMENT FOR TOBACCO GREEN LEAF PROCESSING
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
Description
Efficiency of tobacco green leaf processing can be increased by utilizing innovative equipment and technology improving. As a part of research and postgraduate work technology and equipment for tobacco green leaf processing were elaborated. Elaborated equipment consists of set of devices for preparing tobacco leaves for drying, drying and packaging of dry tobacco. Basic element of the equipment is double-sided needle, designed for threading the tobacco leaves and their further curing directly on the needle. The set of devices is patented and has passed experimental testing. This equipment is implemented in scientific and economic activity of the institute. Testing the equipment for large quantities of tobacco has proved the efficiency of new technology for preparing and curing the tobacco leaves and confirmed the validity of technical solutions and characteristics of manufactured equipment. It is determined that 50 devices for double-sided needle arrangement are sufficient per 1 ha of tobacco field. Leaf mass per one double-sided needle can reach 3 – 4.5 kg, depending on weather conditions. Carried experiments have proved the necessity of cutting the upper part of the petioles when placing long stemmed tobacco sorts and periodic distribution of leaves on the needle during the curing. Performing these operations led to obtaining the cured tobacco of high quality. Results of the semi-industrial experiments have proved the efficiency of elaborated technology. Utilizing of innovative equipment is recommended for industrial production of dried tobacco
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
We present results on proving parameters of the device for maintaining uniform flow of liquid in hydraulic row sowing machine for seedling plants. Main difference between row sowing in greenhouse and in field is 10 to 20 times less width between rows. Existing sowing machines (because of little width between rows) can only perform scattered sowing. A method and a scheme of the device for maintaining uniform flow of polydispersed system (working liquid – seeds of seedling plants) are theoretically proved. Parameters of the device for maintaining uniform flow of polydispersed system (working liquid – seeds of seedling plants) are experimentally proved. We have also defined the effect of pipe’s position in the tank on flow of polydispersed system out of it and the effect of polydispersed system parameters (working liquid – seeds of seedling plants) on peculiarities of hydraulic sowing technological process. Testing the experimental row sowing machine for seedling plants determined that this machine adequately performs sowing process and increases productivity 8.3 times compared to manual sowing
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