North-Caucasus research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture of Russian Academy of Agriculture
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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THE HARDWARE SOURCES OF THE AUTOMATION OF THE SOLAR WATER HEATING OF THE AGRICULTURE PLANTS
Description
The article deals with the necessity of the uninterrupted control of the work quality of the solar heating system. The advantages of the microcontroller systems, which gave their evolution in the last years, are shown. The possibilities of the usage of the microcontroller systems for carrying the work quality control are shown. The electrical principal scheme of the system of the automatic control of the solar water heating which allow to control the work quality control are shown. The system was divided into interconnected parts. The methods of the temperature control by the electronic temperature sensors 18B20, water control by the optical pair with open channel and water quantity meter with the optical wheel, water level in the tank by the ultrasonic sensor of the distance and level of the solar radiation by the pyranometer are shown. The necessarily calculation of the geometric tank sizes and water velocity in the solar collector are carried out. The corresponding hardware resources of the PIC microcontrollers like hardware counters, timer with the ability to allow counting by the external signal (Gate Control), analog-digital converter and fixed voltage reference module are described. The algorithms of the control of the water temperature in the tank and the control of the filling the tank with the hot water from the solar collector are described. The methods of the transmitting information to the operator are shown. The advantages of the microcontroller control are described
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Description
In the article, a method of determining of initial ear motion velocity parameters after its separation from the stalk when stripping of grain crops with one-drum header is considered. The dependences of changes of normal and tangential component of ear’s velocity upon the parameters and operation regimes of the header and breadstand characteristics are illustrated
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Description
The negative economic consequences of using sun-flower seeds infested by molds Phomopsis helianthi Munt. Cvet. et al. as inoculums are described in the article. The necessity of finding the ways of these molds inactivation alternative to the way of chemical disinfection, and the advantages of usage of electro-physical ways of seeds’ treatment for this purpose and in particular electromagnetic field (EMF) of microwave frequency (MWF) are explained. The construction of the laboratory experimental setup is shown, on the bases of which the process of Flagman variety of sunflower seeds disinfection EMF MWF is researched. The testing technique is described too. The observable sowing sunflower with the starting infection rate by phomopsis at 22% is treated for different durations in the EMF MWF, being in either static or continuously mowing layers. As result of these experiments the particular rates of treatment providing the total disinfection of sunflower seeds from molds Phomopsis helianthi Munt. Cvet. et al. are revealed and the discovered contradictions in the experiments’ results are explained
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Description
The development of laboratory setup is connected with a necessity of designing and experimental investigation of equipment examples for innovative energy efficient system of agricultural enterprises off-line power supply on the basis of helio moduluses and is stipulated by needs of efficient heat electro supply of agricultural enterprises working in climatic regions with low and short-term solar activity. Operating regimes, matching and justification of necessary elements for the construction of the energy efficient helio system and the most efficient their arrangement are determined based on preliminary experiments. Geographical location of agricultural enterprise (the principal checkpoints should be insolation intencity and solstice angle typical for the region) and social-economic development level of the region should be taken into consideration at forming demands to the constructions and abilities of heat water supply helio modules. The necessity of investigations at laboratory setup with artificial heat sources, simulating solar heat, is explained by impossibility of experiments’ carrying out in the real nature conditions, notably because of weather inconstancy and climate in tote, because of impossibility of setups exact placement on ground location, because of helio collector’s modes of operation limitation by the range of solar activity only in the investigated region etc. The list of technological parameters and helio water heating process factors, which are measured and controlled during the experiments, is built into the designing of the setup. These parameters are based on the statistical data given by meteorological stations of late years. All that will ease the designing of manufacturing helio collectors and will allow to get more precise information, oriented to the maintenance of energy efficient equipment in different zones of researched region with highest possible usage of their potential. With a glance of foresaid, we have designed the laboratory setup for the experimental investigations of the module solar collectors’ elements
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Description
We have made energy estimation of absorbed solar fluxes with a glance of diffuse insolation which passes through double- glazing unit to the right-angled planar radiator. While designing the model it was conceded to assume that direct solar radiation is the radiation of a point source
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Description
Solar collectors of helio water heater with ramified surface were developed. We have made an energy estimation of helio unit construction and enhancement of the efficiency of its work because of multiple reflections of solar fluxes
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MODULAR AUTOMATED COMPLEX OF THE SOLAR WATER HEATING PLANT FOR AGRICULTURAL OBJECTS
Description
The article deals with the system, providing automatic control of the solar water heating system with the abilities to store in internal memory and to transmit by the cellular network the information about the conditions of the plant and the occurring failure conditions. The common principles of the building the automatic system with the modular principles are shown. The article solves the issue about the quality of the water supply through the quality parameters which provided by the considered system. The methods of the active and passive loss minimizing of the heat of the water in the tank are shown. The usage of the active loss minimizing system was considered. The block-scheme of the implementation of the automatic system with described abilities are shown. The compulsory and auxiliary blocks of the automatic system are shown. The algorithm of the checking of the water supply quality parameters was presented. The study considers methods of the storing of the parameters of the working conditions of the plant and the occurring failure modes as well as the remote information of the attending personnel by the cellular networks. The advantages of the conducting of the system log are shown. The preliminary calculation of the memory capacity for storing the system log was completed. The advantages of the described automatic system with relation to the constructing, controlling, service and research of the described solar water heating systems are shown
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Description
The article presents a study of parameters and modes of operation of machines for soil cultivation. In determining the parameters and modes of operation of machinery for tillage we have applied the theory of similarity and dimensions of physical quantities. We have obtained the regularities of disclosing the relationship of the parameters from the medium to the energy characteristics of the process. As the initial data we used test protocols of machines for soil cultivation (Central - Black Earth, Kubanskaya, Sibirskaya, of North - Caucasion MIS, RosNIITiM) : KPI - 3.8, AРC - 3.9, AKV - 4, AKM - 6 - V, AMP - 4 APC - 4 A, AРC - 10 APR - 4.4, APU - 6.5 APSH - 6 , CNC - 6.0, CSТ - 3.8, APC - 4. We defined the formula оf dimension parameters and modes of operation of machines for soil cultivation and properties of soil (traction resistance, depth, width, speed, hardness of the soil, acceleration). Based on dimension theory we have received similarity criteria. Based on the correlation analysis and the least squares method we determined the nature of addiction and the coefficients for it. We have also received a graph for determining the operating modes and parameters of machines for soil cultivation
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CALCULATION OF MAGNETIC RESISTANCE OF A CHISEL WORKING ORGAN FOR FIBREWISE SUBSURFACE TILLAGE
Description
The article presents a calculation of traction resistance chisel working organ for layered subsurface soil treatment and proposed the construction of a working body for subsurface tillage with an elliptical element. We have also included a comparative analysis of traction resistance of workers to the waterline and moldboard tillage
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Description
The procedure of combined electrooptical processing which allows to disclose the reasonable energy and technological conditions of seeds’ treatment and to define the main factors which influence such seeds’ sowing qualities as: germinating power, germinating ability and length of sprouts is used in this article. Besides, the procedure allows conducting the research of efficiency evaluation of some rational parameters and conditions of treatment which influence their yield characteristics in field conditions. The research task was to obtain the data about the number of spring barley called “Ratnik” shoots and their productivity depending on the number of working volume converter’s lamps (1-6) and on the protectant’ norm percent (1-100). The experiments have been carried out and the data have been obtained for this purpose and the processing of these data has given the regression equation of the second order writing the process with the volumetric graphical interpretation. The rational parameter space of presowing treatment providing maximal germination and crop capacity of barley “Warrior” has been obtained on basis of the diagrams’ analysis. As the growth of germinating ability and crop capacity is observed when the number of working lamps is increased the double spreading at 6 working lamps should be recommended. The concentration of the protectant practically ceases to influent the crop capacity. According to the results of the research there has been drawn a conclusion that preliminary seeds treatment, for the purpose of plant diseases preventing, restrains the germination processes at the initial level. It happens in connection with conditions deterioration of moisture access to seeds which are covered with protectant film. Further processing of treated seeds by optical radiation promotes the growth of germinating ability and length of sprouts compensating negative effect of treatment
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