Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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Description
The practice of separate financing of projects of civil and defensive nature, which has been developed in Russia, requires, in the conditions of an aggravation of an international situation, increase in costs for carrying out researches and developments what to go a heavy burden on the federal budget. The analysis of international experience shows that industrially developed countries successfully solved this problem by means of distribution of dual-use technologies. The special effect is reached in space activities where dual-use technologies are widely used in the organization of communication, broadcasting and monitoring of the land surface. In the article, policy of usage of military technologies in civil sector of economy of the USA, Germany and China is analyzed. The policy of distribution of dual-use technologies leads to decrease in load of the budget and promotes attraction of a private equity in researches and developments. The main directions are conversion, sale of information from military companions to the commercial organizations and acquisition by military of information from commercial companions here. Backwardness of the market relations, impracticality of controlling mechanisms, developments and carrying out scientific and technical policy and other problems can become the main obstacle in a way to distribution of dual-use technologies in Russia. However, instability of the revenues of the Russian budget caused by volatility of the prices of energy resources and other external factors puts the most important priority of national economic policy development and distribution of double technologies
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HISTORICAL TENDENCIES OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
DescriptionIn this work, prerequisites of processes of globalization of economies which source, according to authors, is the scientific and technological revolution of the XVIIIXIX century of century are considered. Dissemination of new technologies led to the international labor division, and emergence of information technologies promoted to increase in speed of communications, deleting of economic borders between the countries. A specific place in processes of globalization is held by space technologies by means of which there was a possibility of exchange of information between various consumers and the companies, which are in the different countries and continents. Based on the carriedout analysis, it is revealed that in the conditions of globalization pressure of group of industrially developed countries upon the rest of the world for the purpose of imposing of a certain model of their existence by the rest amplifies. The tool in competition are new technologies which help to drive the national companies out of the local markets. A special role in the course of globalization is played by information and space technologies of communication and broadcasting. Only competitive hi-tech productions focused on perspective technological ways can resist to influence of the international corporations. According to authors, distribution of innovative technologies has to contribute to the uniform development of all countries, formation of the multipolar world, the excluding domination of any country or the international group
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThis article briefly reviews the classical concept of functional dependence in mathematics, determines the limitations of this concept for adequate modeling of reality and formulates the problem, consisting in search of such generalization of the concept of func-tions, which is more suitable for the adequate reflec-tion of causal relationships in the real domain. Also, it discusses theoretical and practical solving the prob-lem, consisting in: (a) we suggest the universal method of calculating the amount of information in the value of argument about the meaning of the function, i.e. cognitive functions which is independent from the subject area; b) we offer software tools: Eidos intelli-gent system, allowing in practice to carry out these calculations, i.e. to build cognitive functions based on a fragmented noisy empirical data of high dimension. We also offer the concepts of nonreducing, partially and completely reduced direct and inverse, positive and negative cognitive functions and the method of formation of reduced cognitive function, which is a generalization of known weighted least-squares meth-od on the basis of observation the amount of infor-mation in the values of the argument about the values of the functions accounting
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn the USSR higher attestation Commission from 1975 to the collapse of the USSR was subordinated not to the Ministry of education and science, but to the Council of Ministers of the USSR directly. However, since then there is a steady trend of gradual reduction of the status of the Commission. Today it is not just included in the Ministry of education, it is just one of the units of one of its structures: the Rosobrnadzor. Reduced status of the HAC inevitably leads to a decline in the status and in the adequacy of scientific degrees assigned as well as scientific ranks. This process of devaluation of traditional academic degrees and titles assigned to the HAC, has reached the point when a few years ago there were abolished salary increments for them. Now, instead of that, every university and research institutes have developed their local, i.e. non-comparable with each other scientometric methods of evaluation of the results of scientific and teaching activities. Despite the diversity of these techniques, there is a common thing among all of them, which is the disproportionate role of the h-index. The value of the Hirsch index starts to play an important role in the protection, when considering competitive cases for positions, as well as in determining the monthly rewards for the results of scientific and teaching activities. By itself, this index is well founded, theoretically. However, in connection with the practice of its application in our conditions, in the collective consciousness of the scientific community there was a kind of mania, which the authors call the "Hirschmania". This mania is characterized by elevated unhealthy interest to the value of the Hirsch index, as well as incorrect manipulation of its value, i.e. inadequate artificial exaggeration of this value, as well as a number of negative consequences of that interest. In this study we have made an attempt to construct a quantitative measure for assessing the extent of improper manipulation of the value of the Hirsch index, and offered a science-based modification of the h-index, insensitive (resistant) to the manipulation. The article presents a technique for all the numerical calculations, which is simple enough for any author to use
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COMPUTER-STATISTICAL METHODS: STATE AND PROSPECTS
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionWe have analyzed the current state of the main computer-statistical methods, identified achievements and existing problems, outlined the prospects of further movement and formulated the problems to be solved. We have also discussed the Monte Carlo methods, pseudo-random numbers, simulation, bootstrap and resampling, the automated system-cognitive analysis. We have considered the applications of computer statistics in controlling and properties of statistical packages as the tools for researchers
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CONTROLLING OF CONSUMER PRICES DYNAMICS AND LIVING WAGE
DescriptionIn accordance with the Presidential Decree of 21 August 2012 № 1199 one of the 11 integrated indicators of the activity of executive authorities is the measure "real disposable income of the population". For its calculation it is necessary to measure the level of consumer prices. The article presents the minimum consumer basket of physiologically essential food products, designed in 1993 by the Institute of High Statistical Technologies and Econometrics (IHSTE) based on the initial data of the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, and the results of measuring the cost of the consumer basket IHSTE and inflation index in 24 years (1993 - 2017). We discuss the application of the developed tools in Controlling of the level of consumer prices and living wage. According to M. Orshansky, living wage can be estimated by multiplying the cost of the minimum food basket by a factor which is equal to the quotient of all costs to the costs of food costs for a poor family. This work is aimed at the elimination of the monopoly of Rosstat in the calculation of indices of inflation, the living wage and the real disposable income of the population. The methods of the measurement and the use of inflation constitute an important part of training courses in econometrics, which are taught in the context of the scientific-educational complex "Engineering Business and Management" of the Baumann Moscow State Technical University. Nobel Laureate in Economics Vasiliy Leontiev thought that only 1% of economists analyze the newly collected data, 30% use the data contained in the publications of predecessors, and the rest did not turn in their arguments to the real world. This work belongs to the 1% of publications (which analyzes the newly collected data), about which Vasiliy Leontiev wrote
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MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF RATINGS
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionWhen developing management solutions with the aim of joint consideration and comparison of various factors, partial removal of uncertainty is widely used ratings. In the theory of decisionmaking in almost the same sense, we use the terms "composite index" or "integrated indicator". The article is devoted to the mathematical theory of ratings as tools for studying socio-economic systems. We considered, primarily, linear ratings which is a linear function from a single (private) indicators (factors, criteria), constructed using the coefficients of importance (weightiness, importance). The study discusses the factors affecting the magnitude of the ratings. Three groups of causes affect the value of a line ranking: the ways of measurement of individual indicators, the choice of the set of indicators; the values of the coefficients of importance. We considered binary ratings when the rating takes two values. To compare the proposed rankings we use a new indicator of the quality of diagnostics and prognostic power. Significantly, in many managerial situations, significant differences between objects are identified using any rating. According to the fundamental results of stability theory, the same source data should be processed in several ways. Matching findings, obtained using multiple methods, likely reflect the properties of reality. The difference is the result of a subjective selection method. When using the results of the comparison of objects according to several indicators (criteria ratings), including in dynamics, very useful is the selection of the Pareto set. We discuss the examples of the application of the decision theory, expert evaluations and rankings when developing complex technical systems
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MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN SOCIOLOGY DURING THE LAST FORTYFIVE YEARS
22.00.00 Sociological sciences
DescriptionSociology is one of the most important social sciences. Mathematical and primarily statistical methods are effective intellectual tools of sociologists. Let us analyze the work of the author of this article on the development of statistical methods to meet the challenges of sociology. Then we give the review of development of statistical methods in Russian sociology for 45 years (1970-2015). The basic scientific events of these years, first of all, were formation of applied statistics and its basis - statistics of the non-numerical data (in sociology of 70-90% of variables have non-numerical nature). Over the last 30 years, the Russian sociology has been growing rapidly in all quantitative parameters. Clearly, the depth of investigation gives the use of advanced scientific apparatus - methodology and methods of data collection and analysis, mathematical models. In our view, a fundamental breakthrough was made in our country in the 1970s. It was then in the arsenal of Russian sociologists appeared measurement theory and fuzzy sets, mathematical methods of classification and multidimensional scaling, nonparametric statistics and statistics of non-numeric data. In subsequent decades it has been a natural development of scientific apparatus. The same mathematical and statistical methods and models can be successfully applied in various fields of science and practice. Statistical methods and models are very effective in sociological, socio-economic, managerial, technical and feasibility studies, medicine, history, in almost any industry and application areas of knowledge. Within this field, the main event of the last thirty five years - is becoming a scientific and practical discipline "Applied Statistics", dedicated to the development and application of statistical methods and models. An analysis of the dynamics of applied statistics leads to the conclusion that in the XXI century the statistics of non-numerical data is becoming a central area of applied statistics, as it contains the most common approaches and results
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MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF CLASSIFICATION THEORY
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThis article gives a review of mathematical methods of construction and using of classifications. The main approaches to solving the problems of cluster analysis and grouping are discussed. We have also proposed global and local natural classification criteria. The methods of discriminant analysis (diagnosis, pattern recognition with the teacher) are discussed in connection with the construction of generalized indicators (ratings)
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionWe have proposed the method for testing of independence of two alternative variables on the basis of statistics of non-numeric data. The method is aimed at application in problems of statistical quality control. Testing of independence is based on set of small samples, i.e., in the Kolmogorov’s asymptotics, when the number of unknown parameters of the distribution increases in proportion to the data size