All-Russian Research Institute of crops
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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NI, CR, PB IN HYDROMORPHIC SOILS OF THE TEREK-SULAKSKOY SUBPROVINCE OF DAGESTAN
Description
In the article, we investigated hydromorphic soils of the Tersko-Sulak subprovince of Dagestan. We determined the content of humus, nickel, chromium and lead with genetic horizons of the investigated soils. The small excess of the maximum allowable concentration of nickel and chromium has been found, doze of lead was within norm
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AGRI-ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF NEW VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS OF SWEET SORGHUM
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The organization of animal feeding in the summer and procurement of fodder for the winter are of great importance. The sowings of sugar sorghum can become a reliable and stable source of fodder even in the regions with insufficient humidity. It is a unique drought tolerant crop, which can be used as green mass, hay, silage, grain, mono fodder, briquettes. The article gives the study results of green mass and absolutely dry substance, and the assessment of cultivation efficiency of such sugar sorghum varieties and hybrids grown in FSBSI ‘I.G. Kalinenko ARRIGC’ as ‘Zernogradsky yantar’, ‘Debyut’, ‘Listvenit’, ‘Zersil F1’, ‘Elisey F1’. The productivity of green mass and dry substance of the new variety ‘Listvenit’ and the hybrid ‘Elisey’ exceeded the standard variety on 7,0-5,0 t/ha and 2,30-0,74 t/ha respectively. The cultivation technologies of sweet sorghum varieties and hybrids produced the high net energy of 69,6-121,9 GJ/ha with the coefficient of energy efficiency of 3,72- 5,08. As for the energy, the cultivation technology of the sweet sorghum hybrid ‘Elisey’ can be considered as the most efficient variant, as it produced the maximum net energy of 121,9 GJ/ha with the coefficient of energy efficiency of 5,08
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Description
In the article, the results of calculation of combinational ability are presented, the analysis of inheritance of hybrids F1 and F2 is carried out. Sources of low growth are allocated
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INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN PRODUCTIVITY AND ELEMENTS OF ITS STRUCTURE AT GRADES OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT
Description
Correlation interrelations of some morpho¬logical signs of winter wheat and their influ¬ence on productivity are established. Positive correlation communication of efficiency with weight of grain with an ear (r=0,70) is revealed
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The study was carried out during 2010-2015 years in the All-Russian research Institute of Grain Crops named after I.G. Kalinenko (the laboratory of the cultivation technology of plowing crops), situated in the southern soil-climatic zone of the Rostov region, which is characterized with the unstable and insufficient humidity. The trials were conducted on the heavy loamy, calcareous chernozem obyknovenny (natural blacksoil). The object of the study was the grain sorghum variety ‘Zernogradskoe 53’, approved to use in the Rostov region. The agroclimatic conditions during the years significantly differed during the vegetation in the amount of precipitations (from 110.2 mm in 2010 to 200.2 mm in 2013) and in the temperature regime (from 2512.9 0С in 2010 to 2788.8 ºС in 2015), that allowed evaluating the grain sorghum productivity more objectively. The article gives the study results of the effect of the weather conditions on the duration of vegetation, productivity and grain quality (content of protein, oil, ash and fiber). The article showed the estimated interconnection among the sum of active temperatures, precipitations and hydrothermal coefficient during the sorghum vegetation with the principal economic-valuable traits of grain sorghum. The sum of active temperatures showed the greatest effect on the duration of the vegetation (r=0.89); the sum of precipitations during the vegetation had the greatest effect on the productivity (r=0.80). There was determined the strongest positive correlation of the sum of active temperatures with the content of protein in the grain sorghum kernels (r=0.80) and the average negative correlation with the content of oil (r=-0.69). The sums of active temperatures and precipitations, when the grain sorghum gives the largest productivity, were established
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents the results of the effects of treatments of the plants of winter wheat with biological stimulants and drugs and microfertilizers. The most effective treatment and most responsive varieties of soft wheat have been found. We also present the indicators of the quality of the grain of soft wheat after treatment with drugs and stimulants
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06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
Description
The purpose of the work was to test the winter wheat varieties artificially infected with North-Caucasus brown rust to identify its harmfulness. There was carried out a two-stage testing on two sets (8 and 10) of varieties that differed in their resistance to the pathogen. As a result, there has been identified high brown rust harmfulness in susceptible varieties, which led to a yield decrease from 16.3 to 32.2%. Among the maximum infected varieties, there has been identified the most tolerant variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’ which, when damaged to 100%, had a minimum yield decrease (less than 10.6%). The poorly susceptible to brown rust varieties reduced their yields from 11.2% to 20.7%. Among them, the variety ‘Spartak’ showed lower rates of a yield decline. Among the five varieties that showed an average brown rust affection, there have been noted various indicators of a yield decrease. The variety ‘Donskaya Yubileynaya’ showed a minimum decrease of a yield and its structural elements under the conditions of artificial infection with brown rust; and together with the variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’ can be classed to the varieties tolerant to brown rust. When predicting brown rust epiphytoty the susceptible and medium-resistant wheat varieties require obligatory protection with fungicides
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Description
We investigated the basic soil types (brown, brown wood) of foothill zone of Dagestan. We revealed that the distribution of nickel, chromium and lead in the soils depends on several factors: soil-forming rock, physical clay, humus and pH. We defined the background content of heavy metals in the studied soils of the region
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Based on the analysis of the nature of some flowering test crosses which have been resulted in the hybridization with purposely chosen sterile sources (analyzers), the new self - pollinated lines of maize have been identified according to the content of fertility-restorer genes of ‘C’ type of CMS. Genotype of the line RD 257 - rf4rf4rf5rf5Ff6Rf6 (class II), genotype of the line RD 245 - rf4 rf4 Rf5 Rf5 rf6 rf6 (class III), genotype of the line RD 274 - rf4rf4Rf5Rf5Rf6Rf6 (class V), genotype of the line RD 231 - Rf4Rf4rf5rf5Rf6Rf6 (class VI ) genotype of the line RD 261 - Rf4Rf4Rf5Rf5Rf6Rf6 (class VII). The identification of the content of the alleles of fertility - restorer genes allows forecasting the nature of flowering hybrid progeny resulted in the hybridization with a known genotype. We have created a catalog of self - pollinated lines of maize according to the fertilityrestorer genes, which consists of 18 lines, which have been studied in all the years of research. We have identified the lines belonging to classes I, II, III, V, VI, VII and VIII. During the transfer of maize hybrids on a sterile basis the lines of classes I and VIII are those ones which have been of great interest. The self - pollinated lines KV 204, SP 286 (class I) are the reliable fixers of «C» type of CMS. The progeny resulted in the hybridization with any sterile lines is characterized by complete sterility. The new self - pollinated lines KV 498, KV 272, KV 227, SP 357, RD 261 (class VIII) are constant natural fertility-restorers. They are able to fully restore fertility in hybridization with any sterile lines and in any growing conditions
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The value of the initial material for selection for heterosis is primarily defined by the combining ability in respect to the main economically valuable characteristics. Combining ability with respect to “grain productivity” has been studied among fourteen selfpollinated lines of maize of early ripening and three testers in the system of hybrid combinations. We have proved that weather conditions have an influence on the variability of the estimates of the combining ability. We have identified the new self-pollinated lines of maize SP 165 and SP 175, which are characterized by invariably high evaluations in the effects of GCA (gi) in different years. The new self-pollinated line SP 167 has got high variants of SCA (δ2si). The new lines SP 161, SP 163, SP 167 and SP 174 have been characterized by the variability of the evaluations in the effects of GCA. They are related to the first or second rank in respect of GCA, depending on the year of the conducted evaluation. These are SP 163, SP 164, SP 170, SP 171 and SP 173 that have differed by their variability of the variants of SCA (from the low variants to the high ones). The highly productive testcross hybrids: Madonna M × SP 165 (4.88 t / ha), Madonna M × SP 171 (4.85 t / ha), Madonna M × SP 167 (4.80 t / ha), T 7M × SP 165 (4.78 t / ha) have been obtained based on the self-pollinated lines having invariably high figures of GCA and SCA
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