Russian research institute for horticulture named in honor of I.V. Michurin
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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THE EFFECT OF DRIP IRRIGATION ON SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTY CHANGE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Soil profiles were made in intensive apple orchard in the agricultural enterprises in Lipetsk and Tambov regions in 2015. Drip irrigation in year rates of 500-550 m3 was carried out since 2010. During the research we determined the soil density, the solid phase density, aggregate composition, particle size distribution, the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen and humus by conventional methods. As a result of drip irrigation can increase dust-like fraction in dark gray forest soil, whereas in chernozems this index did not change significantly. In the black earth soil was noted the process of increasing the proportion of mud fraction due to mineral part chernozem destruction. In both soil types was increased sand content. It was found that drip irrigation improves some of the soil water-physical properties, such as a soil structure coefficient and the content of agronomical valuable aggregates in a layer of 20-40 cm. There was also noted that with increasing soil depth was reduced humus and hydrolyzable nitrogen content. In aggregate analysis, it was found that dark-gray forest soil the amount of water-stable aggregates increased, while meadow chernozem leached soil decreased. Data of the aggregate analysis revealed that in the dark-gray forest soil the amount of water-stable aggregates increased as a result of drip irrigation, while in meadow chernozem leached soil decreased. It recommends by drip irrigation application permanent monitoring of the soil humus content
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DYNAMICS OF CATALASE ACTIVITY IN THE LEAVES OF APPLE TREES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The research was conducted studying the effect of various system of foliar fertigation on catalase activity in the apple orchard with drip irrigation in 2013-2014. The object of research were apple trees of Zhigulevskoye variety grafted on rootstock 62-396 in experimental intensive apple orchard of I.V. Michurin FSC which had been planted in 2007. During vegetation, the following indices were determined in apple tree leaves in dynamics: catalase activity by gasometrical method of M.I Lishkevich on the 3rd and 5 th day after treatments, the content of nitrogen (Kjeldahl method), phosphorus (KFK-3), potassium and calcium (Jenway PFP-7). Data were statistical processed according to the generally accepted methods described by B.A. Dospekhov. It has been established that foliar fertigation increased catalase activity on the 3 rd day after treatment, which then decreases to normal values. So, treatments acted as a stress factor. Correlation of catalase activity with nitrogen content in the leaves increased, and with calcium content decreased as the number of megafol mixed with calcium calbit treatments was enlarged. Using tank mixtures for multiple treatments with combination of antistress preparations and calcium-containing agrochemicals allows to moderate significantly the stress effect of foliar fertilizing on plants
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DEVELOPMENT OF MICROFLORA IN APPLE ROOT RHIZOSPERE WHEN FERTILIZING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The problem of environmental safety of agricultural products and agro-technical measures is very urgent now. Various agrochemicals are widely used in agricultural production: plant protection preparations, fertilizers, stimulants and plant growth regulators, etc. One possible solution of this problem may be a partial replacement of mineral fertilizers by bacterial ones. The aim of our research was to determine the effect of different fertilizers and methods of their application on the quantity of microorganisms in the apple root rhizosphere soil. The research was carried out according to conventional methods. In our experiment, we determined the number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the roots of apple trees, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves; hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in soil and crop yield. The highest yield was obtained by fertigation in our research. Application bacterial fertilizer to the soil ensured yield increase at the level of mineral fertilizer application. Application of fertilizers in general, in the studied application rates provided optimum level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the leaves and soil. By use of fertigation and bacterial fertilizers were high and relatively stable numbers of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the apple trees. The number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere had a positive correlation with yield and the content of nutrients in soil and in leaves
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Nitrogen supply of soils is an important factor in the successful cultivation of agricultural crops. Nowadays, in the Central Black Earth region there are planted orchards with high density of trees, with installed systems of drip irrigation and fertigation. Such orchards are relatively new, particularly in this region. Fertigation ambiguous effects on soil structure and its content of nutrients, especially hydrolysable nitrogen. Therefore, the study of the distribution of hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil under the influence of fertigation and drip irrigation is important. The aim of our research was to investigate the distribution hydrolysable nitrogen in the root soil layers 0-20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80 cm. Investigations were carried out according to conventional methods. In these layers of the soil, we have determined the content of hydrolysable nitrogen and yield. As a result, we have found that in variants with fertigation were the highest yield. In addition, with fertigation it was noted higher content of hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil as compared with the control without irrigation, especially in the deep layers 21-40; 41-60 and 61-80 cm. It was also noted increase of hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil along the periphery of the wetting
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
There are given the results of long-term research of different forms of soil nitrogen content and their relationships with the content of total nitrogen in leaves and yield. It was detected a strong positive correlation among them hydrolyzable nitrogen content in the soil and total nitrogen content in the leaves and yield. It is proposed the use of this index for diagnostic of soil nitrogen supply
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DEVELOPMENT OF SOME APPLE PRODUCTIVITY COMPONENTS WITH FOLIAR NUTRITION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In the article, the results of the research of foliar nutrition of apple-tree effect on development of fruits and yield, depending on the weather condition are given. The foliar nutrition system, consisting of boro-plus and Calbit C, combined with megafol, which makes it possible to optimize fruiting in years within unfavorable weather conditions are presented
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