Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural University named after Kokov V.M.
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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Description
The struggle against soil erosion and the restoration of disturbed lands is a pressing issue for the regions of the North Caucasus and southern Russia. This problem is also acute in Kabardino-Balkaria, where more than 30% of agricultural and coastal lands suffer from water, anthropogenic and man-made erosion. Existing methods need to be improved and adapted to natural and local conditions. The aim of the work was to develop more efficient methods for the accelerated recovery of eroded and disturbed areas of land with the use of biopositive products and fastenings from local materials. Several technological solutions have been developed for the protection and restoration of land plots of agricultural and recreational zones located on slopes and coastal zones that have been eroded and disturbed by economic activity. All of these technical solutions are investigated and brought to the level of inventions and utility models. According to the results of the research conducted for the mountain and foothill areas of eroded lands, new methods are proposed based on the use of environmental protection technologies and restoration of damaged land. The introduction of these methods increase the effectiveness of anti-erosion measures and reduce the material costs of their implementation
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In the leached black soils of the foothill zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic on the territory of training experimental plant of FSBEI HE Kabardino-Balkarian state agricultural university named after V.M. Kokova we have studied the effect of soil and climatic conditions of area of cultivation and application of micro – macro fertilizers, plant growth regulators and biological products on the crops of lentils, their impact on the efficiency and quality. It is proved that in general, the natural conditions of the foothill zone are favorable for cultivation and obtaining high yields of major crops. The analysis of meteorological conditions of the area (typical for the whole area) shows that there are great reserves and opportunities to obtain high and stable yields of lentils grains. These morphological, genetic and agrochemical parameters of leached chernozem growing zones suggest the soil favorable to the growth and development of lentils. On average, during the years of studies, the number of plants on which we had marked tubercles, on the example of Rauza varieties in the background variant, was 63.7%; the use of the drug called Agropon C in combination with sodium selenite increased by 15.2% the number of plants with root nodules. Increasing the number of plants with root nodules was accompanied with increasing the number and weight of nodules per plant by 8.1 pc. and 10.1 mg. respectively. The highest yield - 2.66 t/ha under experimental conditions was obtained in the form of joint use of the drug Agropon C and sodium selenite with a seeding rate of 2.2 million viable seeds per hectare, which is higher than the reference version for this seeding rate by 0.46 t/ha or 17.3%. The maximum value indicators of protein content in the seeds and collecting the protein per unit area reached with the use of joint application of Agropon C and sodium selenite, where we achieved the seeding rate of 2.2 million of germinating seeds per hectare and made up 29.6% and 787 kg/ha, respectively
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Description
Mixed infestations have been reported in cattle with EI - 73.5%. The mixed infestations of cattle productive performance of animals decreased proportional to the intensity of infestation E.granulosus and D. lanceatum. In the carcasses of calves, depending on the AI of worms, we have marked the reduction in the yield of muscle tissue from 72.8 to 63.2%, fat - from 9.2 to 3.0% (3 times). Heavily infested bodies have shown a shortfall of 60.1 kg of meat in slaughter weight
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SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF AN ARTIFICIAL RAIN
Description
In the article we have analyzed the expediency of application of the method of calculation of definition of supposed (not washing away) speeds of water streams on a limiting condition for the Kabardino-Balkarian republic; criteria for a choice of parameters of a modeling rain are proved
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FEATURES OF THE SUBSTANTIATION OF MEANS FOR ANTIEROSION PROCESSING OF SOIL
Description
This article considers factors which are necessary for considering at application of the minimum processing of soil. The scheme of power saving processing of soil and the scheme of the minimum processing of soil in a crop rotation with good water penetration are offered
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
Description
For further increase in production of fruit products, there are long-term plans of development of agriculture of the Russian Federation provide laying of new gardens of intensive and superintensive types. In this regard, development of slope lands and their use under gardens is a current social and economic problem. In the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic there are over 10 thousand hectares of intensive and superintensive gardens now. Therefore, large corporations, as well as medium and small business are engaged in production of fruit. One of problems which producers of fruits face it is the shortage of the equipment on care of row-spacings and spaces around fruit plantings. The mechanized technologies of flat gardening are a little effective in the conditions of slopes where the main limiting factor is the soil fertility. At the same time, the issue of increase in fertility of the soil in space around fruit plantings, improvement of the water and food modes of fruit plantings on slope lands is particularly acute. Thus, improvement of technology and development of a new design of the unit, providing performance of several interconnected technological operations for processing of row-spacings and space around fruit plantings, preservation and increase in fertility of soils on slope lands is relevant in the conditions of mountain and foothill gardening Central the North Caucasus. As a result of the carried-out analysis of technological processing of row-spacings and space around fruit plantings and results of theoretical researches (as criterion of optimization) the quality of dyeing of the soil is accepted. Speed of movement of the unit, angular speed of rotation of a mill and the angle of installation of knives have the greatest impact on criterion of optimization. As a result of carrying out a multiple-factor experiment, we have established the optimum values of the specified factors providing the maximum quality of dyeing of the soil
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FEATURES OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY FOR LENTIL IN CONDITIONS OF FOOTHILL ZONE OF KBR
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents the data of the effect of sowing date, biologics and fertilizers on parameters of photosynthetic activity and symbiotic crops, yield and technological properties of lentil seeds. The calculation of the specific activity of the symbiosis (UAS) for the largest consumption of nitrogen by plants and lentils active symbiotic potential (TSA) crops of lentils, collection of protein per unit area under foothill zone of Kabardino-Balkaria
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Description
This article considers the criteria of the efficiency of means for antierosion processing of soil with reference to industrial-economic conditions of the Kabardino-Balkarian republic
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Description
The article is devoted to actual problems of ecological monitoring of conditions of small rivers in the North Caucasus and southern Russia. We are giving here the results of researches of natural and economic conditions and the current state of the river Nalchik near the city of Nalchik, which is typical for many small rivers. The materials of engineering researches and inspections of the territory of the urbanized areas of the river are brought with the detailed analysis of the results of the destroyed and broken areas. We describe the causes of the destruction of man-made protective and regulatory structures and the factors of their impact on the water protecting coastal zone and the hydrological regime of rivers. The effective method of regulation of short sites of the small rivers with use of groins and flexible biopositive nature protection technologies is offered. According to the complex research effective measures to improve the ecological state of the rivers on the example of Nalchik are offered. The rationale for the development of environmental monitoring in all urbanized coastal zones of small rivers and their cadastral registration is made. The main findings of the analytical and experimental research on different areas specific to the small rivers of the North Caucasus and southern Russia are brought here
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FORECASTING OF REGIONAL GRAIN MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Description
Forecasting the state of external and internal industry environment by assessing the impact of factors variety and analysis is the basis of the grain subcomplex purposeful development. It is necessary to take into account the integration of the industry into particular region environment, which requires additional consideration of natural factors in the forecast. Theoretical and methodological guidelines which define characteristics of the forecasting in the particular area, are designed to provide justification for that choice. Best results are obtained predicted values found by rapid and short-term models, as in a short period the trend rarely changes its direction and thus changes the value by several times. Forecasting methods can be divided into two major groups: intuitive and formal. As a dynamic system, the market (in particular the grain market) requires the usage of complex methods for forecasting time series of key market indicators. According to our opinion, the optimum method of forecasting the regional grain market conditions is based on the following principles: reliability, systematic analysis, taking into account factors that may have an impact in the long term; validity of the scientific justification i.e. obtaining a similar result when re-modeling of the experimental data; the adequacy of the results obtained after forecasting the experimental data; reliability and accuracy of the forecast assessment for its possible adjustments; cleariness of language, which should be understandable for the decision-makers; planned nature of the forecast
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