Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
For the research period (2003-2016), 57 pest species and 46 pathogens were recorded on stone and pomaceous fruits in humid Russian subtropics, among which the representatives of the order Lepidoptera and the division Ascomycota predominate. The greatest number of the species was recorded on the apple tree - 35 pests and 25 pathogens, the smallest - on cherry and sweet cherry trees (13 and 10, respectively). 43,7 per cent of the species are polyphages, while the relative abundance of monophages among fungi is higher than among arthropods. The species with activity in the summer are prevalent. A group of species that are harmful in humid subtropical environments all year round (11 species of phytophages and 19 pathogens) was identified. Analyzing the changes in the species composition of the complex through the time, we can speak about the relative stability of the dominant species. The group of the typical dominant species of pests for almost a century has included Grapholita molesta Busck., G. funebrana Tr., Cydia pomonella L., Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul., Stigmina carpophila (Lév.) M.B. Ellis, Monilinia laxa (Aderh. et Ruhland) Honey, M. fructigena Honey, Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E.S. Salmon, Venturia carpophila E.E. Fisher and pear V. pyrina Aderh. Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm., Scolytus mali Bechst. and Tranzschelia prunispinosae (Pers.) Dietel are currently dropped out from the group of the dominants; Halyomorpha halys Stål, which is a new pest for Russia, was added. Groups of the species with sharp fluctuations in abundance or frequently encountered were distinguished
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In peach orchards of the Russian humid subtropics, leaf curl is the most dangerous and harmful disease. Due to the high degree of danger from the peach leaf curl, for the first time in this region the main task was to analyze peach leaf curl development on weather conditions. In order to solve the problem, it is proposed to apply a new innovative intellectual technology: automated system-cognitive analysis (ASK-analysis) and its software tools - the “Eidos” system. In order to build the model, based on our own observations and the experience of Russian and foreign colleagues, it was decided to use the following factors: the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C of the current year (for the period from January to April), the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C of the previous year (for the whole year), the sum of precipitation of the current year (for the period from January to April), the sum of precipitation of the previous year (for the whole year), the number of hours of infection (in the current year). It was established that such factors as the number of hours of infection, the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C in April and during the period from January to April, as well as the sum of precipitation in March and April, are the most important in the dynamics of peach leaf curl development and spread. High rates of leaf curl spread and development are caused by the number of hours of infection in the range of 1440 ... 2064 hours, as well as by low air temperatures in March and April (the sum of temperatures above +4 °C – 89,4-240,4° and 283,7-316,7°, respectively) and high air temperatures - in January and February (the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C – 155,3-259,6° and 243,5-280,1°, respectively)
-
Description
The article discusses the formation of the collection that includes the most numerous genus Pelargonium (L.Herit.) from the family Geraniaceae Juss, as well as its importance, and the prospects for replenishing and use. There is also analysis of the publications for the recent years, clarifying approaches and principles in classifying the representatives of this species. The collection of Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops is described, taking into account new palynological and cytogenetic criteria in pelargoniums section division. It is represented by more than 120 species, cultivars, as well as intravarietal and interspecific hybrids and is divided into three branches (A, B, C2), three subgenus (Pelargonium. Parvulipetala, Paucisignata) and five sections (Pelargonium, Otidia, Peristera., Reniformia Ciconium). Collection samples are included to the breeding research, as sources of economic features when creating highly-ornamental hybrids and cultivars. The work also studies possible using of the most adapted species, cultivars and hybrids in urban landscaping on the Black Sea coast
-
NUTRIENT MEDIUM FOR INDUCTION GEMMOGENESIS TO CREATE SOMATIC CLONES OF TEA PLANTS IN VITRO CULTURE
Description
The article presents the first results of studies of somaclonal variability, which take place during cultivation of tea plants tissues and organs in vitro culture. As a starting material, there was used morphogenic callus, isolated from the basal part of tea microshoots, because callus increases somaclonal variability. An optimized protocol of the nutrient medium for induction gemmogenesis to product somatic clones of tea plants in vitro culture was developed. Morphogenesis calluses, initiated from the basal part of tea microshoots and subcultured on the nutrient medium with 6 – BAP – 2,5 ml + gibberellic acid – 1,0 ml + Tidiazuron – 4,0 ml + Tryptophan – 1000 mg, distinguished by high rates of induction of gemmogenesis – 63,3 %. The article studies the effect of exogenous growth regulators on morphological and growth indices of tea callus culture in vitro
-
MOLECULAR GENETIC ASPECTS OF PERSIMMON (DIOSPYROS L.) BREEDING
Description
Persimmon is the most cold-resistant subtropical culture. It is relevant in scientific research and a prospect for the application of modern methods in plant breeding. The aim of this work is to review the latest advances in molecular genetic methods in persimmon breeding (Diospyros L.). The article shows the importance of studying the molecular genetic basis of persimmon breeding as a necessary condition for the development of new approaches in the production of new varieties. Statistics on the cultivation of this crop on an industrial scale is presented. The importance of culture is shown and given information on the territory of cultivation. Data on the study of genetic diversity, assessment of genetic stability, understanding the origin of persimmon varieties, degree of relationship using a number of molecular markers are presented. There are also DNA sequencing results, which are shown closely related relationships of Diospyros kaki with wild species D. oleifera, D. deyangensis, D. virginiana, D. glaucifolia, D. lotus and D. jinzaoshi. The reduce the astringency of the fruit, the significant role of regulation of structural genes (DkADH, DkPDC, DkPK, ALDH) in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins, in increasing the tolerance of plants to abiotic and biotic stress factors, level of expression of the studied genes are presented in this review
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Peach fruit is much demanded worldwide. The success of its cultivation depends on the optimal plant placement of all the huge biodiversity considering the cultivar demands. The northern boundary of the peach cultivation passes through the Kiev-Kharkov-Rostov-on-Don, Maikop, Nalchik, Grozny, Astrakhan (Witkowski, 2003). However, because of extreme temperatures there are almost no suitable areas for Peach crop cultivation in these borderlands, in the Krasnodar and the Stavropol regions. From the other hand, extreme temperatures for peach cultivation in the humid Russian subtropics were not observed. Spring frosts till -5 ° C were observed in 2004, 2014. However, the cultivar productivity in the region influenced by the duration of low temperatures (7,2 ° C and below) that were observed from December to March. The amount of low temperatures for each cultivar was established using the highest coefficient of yield determination, depending on the temperature, amount of precipitation and the "cooling unit." The yield of peach cultivars is closely linked with the abovementioned agro-climatic conditions during the flowering period. Paired correlation coefficients of yield with precipitation and with temperatures (for most cultivars) were negative, and since they are unregulated value, the flowering phase is crucial for peach culture in the Russian subtropics
-
ASESSMENT OF STREET PLANTINGS ON THE EXAMPLE OF SOCHI CENTRAL REGION
Description
The article deals with the topical issues of ornamental woody plants used in street landscaping of Sochi Central district. It presents the quantitative composition of these species, numbering 12181 specimens. With the scale, modified for the regional conditions, we carried out an analysis of the studied plantations and their state, which revealed that weakened plants were predominant - 72.48%. Healthy plants make up over 20%. The lowest number of the specimen was recorded among the dead plants (0,26%). The analysis was carried out for all species according to the state categories. For instance, structure-forming species selected for further studies, were analyzed this way, including a large part of plants that belong to the second category of state (89,04%). Healthy plants are less than 8% from the total number of dominant species. The number of dead plants makes up 0,35%
-
PROMISING HYBRID FORMS OF ANEMONE CORONARIA
06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article provides the results of hybrid forms studies and their control cultivars for several years of research. The phenological phases of Anemone coronaria experimental plants were studied during the autumn planting of tubers (October - November), biometric measurements were carried out. On average, seedlings in the control cultivars appeared after 5.6 weeks, and in hybrids – after 4.8 weeks. This period in the researched hybrid forms was shorter on 12% than in the control cultivars. The phase “from seedling emergence to flowering” was longer in the following hybrid forms: A-10-1 (for 7 days), M-3-97 (for 5 days), than in the control cultivars. The earliest flowering was observed in the M-4-98 hybrid form (March, 23), and at the latest - in the M-3-97 hybrid form (April, 4). The flower diameter in the A-10-1 hybrid form is 31.1% larger, than its control cultivar, in the G-13-133 hybrid form - 27.1% more, in the hybrid form M-3-97 - 13.6% more, and the hybrid M-4-98 - 18.8% more. The flowering time of hybrid forms is 63 days (9 weeks), and their control cultivars - 51 days (7.3 weeks). The vegetation period of the investigate plants was not exceed 174 days. Vegetation of the hybrid forms A-10-1, M-3-97, and M-4-98 lasted 32, 23, and 14 days longer than in their control cultivars
-
RESULTS OF FEIJOA HYBRIDIZATION IN THE HUMID SUBTROPICS OF KRASNODAR REGION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Feijoa crop is valuable due to the complex of useful traits (high frost resistance, big yield, ornamental value and long profitable period). These fruits have delicate flavor, nutritional and dietary properties. The fruits are juicy with a pleasant, gentle, refreshing sweet and sour taste, specific strawberry-pineapple flavor and contain significant quantities of important substances for the human body. Pectin (up to 2.5%), sugars (6-14%), proteins, vitamins, organic acids, mineral salts, etc. are among them. However, the challenge of its cultivation is the lack of cultivars and plantations are represented by a mixture of hybrids originated from free pollination, and characterized by a great variety in biological and morphological traits, differing not only in yield, but in size, shape and yield period. In this connection, the breeders faced the objective to create new cultivars of feijoa, using classical and modern breeding methods and available genetic resources for commercial gardening and production. Development of the core hybrid diversity material and selection of promising forms are the most important stages of the breeding process, providing success of further breeding programs. The breeding of varieties and forms for crossings was carried out according to the principle of combining the desirable traits of the obtained offspring. There are direct and reverse crosses in six combinations ('Dachnaya' x 'Superba', 'September' x 'Superba', 'Dagomysskaya' x 'Superba', 'Superba' x 'Dachnaya', 'Superba' x 'September', Superba ; X 'Dachnaya'). The viability of the pollen was evaluated prior to pollination, by germination on a nutrient medium - 1% agar-agar + 15% sucrose. The degree of fertility varied year by year: in 2015 - 60-62%, and in 2016 - 68-77-88%. The best crossing combinations were established 'September' x 'Superba' and the 'Superba' x 'Dagomyskaya for the creation of the hybrid genepool of Feijoa sellowiana. A high percentage of germination of the feijoa seeds was noted in combinations of 'Dagomyskaya' x 'Superba' (74%) and 'Superba' x 'Dagomysskaya' (70%).
pdf 383.092kb
doc 383.092kb