North Caucasian federal scientific center of horticulture, viticulture, winemaking
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
-
APPLE ROSETTE DISEASE IN NORTH CAUCASUS PLANTATIONS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article presents the results of a study of the apple tree rosette disease found in a collection garden and having a viral nature. The rosetting has typical signs of manifestation. Sick plants develop narrow small chlorotic leaves. Rosettes of leaves on the upper cervical and lateral shoots are formed as a result of the convergence of internodes. The spread of the rosetting in the planting reaches 10-11 %. The prevalence of viral disease varies among the 44 varieties of apple trees of different ecological and geographical origin. So, the lesion of rosetting was noted on single trees in the varieties of Gala Redi Red, Fujiko, Red Free, etc., and it was a complete defeat in the variety of Piros. A different degree of the manifestation of the disease on the trees was established: from partial manifestation on individual shoots, to aggressive damage to the entire crown of the tree. On young trees bearing fruiting (3-4 years from planting), the rosetting reduces the yield of apple trees by 36 %, ¼ part of the fruits on the trees are small in size compared to the fruits of healthy trees. The infectious nature of the rosetting is confirmed by the transfer of the disease on the most affected Piros variety using summer budding
-
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
Description
The article presents the results of studying the influence of some types of packaging materials used in conjunction with Inter Fresh’s ethylene absorber (sachets) on commercial quality and losses of Alexandria zucchini, Lyubov sweet pepper and tomatoes cv. Inkas during storage. The study was carried out using StePac Xtend bags, creating a modified atmosphere. The objects of research were stored for 14 days at a temperature of 8 – 10 °С and air relative humidity of 90±3 %. One sachet for ethylene absorption was placed in Xtend bags. It was found that when stored under these conditions, the total weight loss is: for tomatoes – 0.3% when using Xtend bags and Inter Fresh ethylene absorbers, 1.8% when using traditional packaging materials; for zucchini – 0.4% when using Xtend bags and Inter Fresh ethylene absorbers, 1.6% when using traditional packaging materials. Losses associated with microbiological damage during storage of zucchini and tomatoes were not observed. During storage of sweet pepper microbiological spoilage took place, which, apparently, was the result of increased contamination with pathogenic microorganisms
-
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
Description
The urgent task facing the agro-industrial complex is the improvement of storage methods for agricultural products and the development of new ones. One of the actively cultivated crops, characterized by a variety of species, valuable taste and medicinal properties – grape. It is possible to provide the population with fresh grapes of high quality through the introduction of effective storage technologies that reduce losses, preserve marketable properties and biological value. One of the effective ways to preserve the quality of grapes during storage is the use of sulfur dioxide (SO2). This gas inhibits oxidative enzymes in berries, thereby reducing the rate of development of the phytopathogen Botrýtis cinérea, which causes gray rot. At the same time, it is especially important to control the rate of release of sulfur dioxide, since at the beginning of storage it is necessary to ensure the receipt of a large amount of it, which will eliminate Botrytis spores present on the surface of the berries and stabilize the existing damage. Further, during the entire period of storage of grapes, sulfur dioxide must be supplied in minimal quantities. Such dynamics of SO2 emission can be ensured by the use of two-phase generators of sulfur dioxide. The article investigated the effects of sulfur dioxide generators on the quality of grapes during storage. The study also investigates quality indicators of grapes of several varieties zoned in the Krasnodar region under long-term storage
-
A MODIFIED PROTOCOL OF RNA ISOLATION FROM MATURE LEAVES OF GRAPES FOR RT-PCR
Description
Isolation of high-quality RNA from the tissues of perennial woody plants, including woody grape vines, is very difficult due to the high content of phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites and polysaccharides and the ribonuclease activity of destroyed tissues. Most of the existing methods require either large time or financial costs, or do not give reproducible results in the case of RNA extraction from mature grape tissues. The modified isolation protocol is based on a combination and modification of the known RNA extraction methods, taking into account the characteristics of mature grape tissues. Existing commercial kits for the isolation of RNA from plant tissues showed a low efficiency of RNA extraction from mature grape tissues, primarily associated with "varietal specificity". Reproducible results in the extraction of RNA showed CTAB-method, however, it has several significant drawbacks associated with the duration of the extraction and the complexity of the processing of an RNA preparation with a DNAase. The developed method is based on increasing the concentration of mercaptoethanol and polyvinylpyrrolidone in the extraction buffer, eliminating the stage of RNA selective precipitation via LiCl, and replacing it with deposition on a silica-based membrane (SiO2) followed by processing with DNA-ase. and increase the purity of the preparation of RNA from genomic DNA in comparison with the original method. A modified isolation protocol was developed based on a combination and modification of known RNA extraction methods, taking into account the characteristics of mature grape tissues. This solution allows to obtain reproducible quantity and quality of RNA for the subsequent synthesis of cDNA and RT-PCR
-
Description
Industrial horticulture assumes the most effective use of the potential of varieties. One of the key factors determining the yield of garden plantings is the effectiveness of pollination. To obtain the maximum yield, it is necessary to ensure maximum pollination during the flowering period. For this reason, much attention has been paid to the selection of pollinators. Crab-apple forms are promising for use as pollinators, so this work was aimed at identifying the most common alleles of the self-incompatibility gene in the crab-forms using the molecular genetic method of analysis. The object of the study was 29 apple-tree creams and 3 elite selection forms. They carried out the molecular genetic identification of alleles S2 and S10, which are among the most common apple trees in the world gene pool. Allele S2 was identified in 16 samples (14 forms and 2 elite selection forms), while S10 allele in one sample (elite form 12/2-20 (24-28)). Data on the allelic composition of the S gene in the samples studied are of value for the formation of a genetic passport on the compatibility of the studied samples of apple with modern industrial varieties
-
Description
The pathogenic agent of apple scab disease, Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Winter, causes significant damage to the industrial production of apples. Studying the pathogen in pure culture is important for solving the theoretical and practical issues of its biology. The sporulation ability of the Venturia inaequalis laboratory culture is an important diagnostic feature in morphological culture analysis, in the test for sensitivity to fungicides, when creating a collection inoculum for an artificial infection. We have studied the morphological features of conidiogenesis of pure V. inaequalis culture, such as the location of conidiogenic structures and their form. For the first time in the laboratory culture of the pathogen, sporulation in the thickness of agar on the substrate mycelium was demonstrated. Conidiogenesis proceeded according to the blastic-annellidic type. Depending on the location of the conidiogenic structures on the aerial or substrate mycelium, their morphology was different. Conidiogenic areas in the substrate mycelium could be observed with the unaided eye, in the form of hyphal grit, while they were conidia conglomerations in each annelid. Annellide had a curved shape. On the aerial mycelium, annelids were straight and always had only one conidium. Differences in the morphology of conidiogenic structures are supposed to be related to the physical conditions of the environment in which sporulation takes place. In the agar, each mature conidium remaining at the apex of the annelid interferes with the formation of the next one, which results in its bending. The fixed arrangement of conidiogenic structures and forming conidia in the thickness of agar allows the use of substrate sporification for model studies of the conidiogenesis process
-
Description
The creation of high-quality grape varieties of domestic breeding is relevant in order to successfully import substitution. The purpose of these studies was to isolate and study the hybrid forms of the technical direction for the creation of promising high-quality grape varieties of domestic breeding, tolerant to phylloxera and with high quality wine-making products. The objects of research were the breeding forms of grapes of the technical direction, growing in on the hybrid section AZOSViW - a branch of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW. The studies were performed using modern and generally accepted programs and techniques. The selection of elite forms according to a complex of attributes based on many years of field and laboratory research is one of the main stages of the selection process. As a result of studying the potential of hybrid forms of grapes, the selection of AZOSViW of the technical direction highlighted the hybrid forms of grapes to the elite: III -59-21, III - 62-9, with good quality of final products and tolerance to phylloxera. The article presents a brief description of selected elite forms of grapes. The selected hybrid forms belong to the early-medium term of ripening, accumulate a high concentration of sugars and have an average cluster weight greater than that of the control variety called Krasnostop Anapa
-
Description
For the effective development of modern industrial gardening, it is necessary to maximize the use of the biological potential of cultivated varieties of fruit crops. In order to identify the most valuable for use in breeding and production of varieties and elite forms of apple regional and foreign selection studied the features of growth and fruiting of apple genotypes. The objects of study are 14 varieties and 2 elite forms of apple. In the work, programs and methods of selection and sorting studies that are generally accepted and developed with the participation of employees of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW were used. According to the results of many years of research, low-growing apple varieties that are promising for breeding and production have been identified: the Golden Crown, Carmen, Favorite Dutovoy, Red Chif, Sunrise, Novella, Talisman, and the elite form 12/2-20-35. Low-growing varieties with a convenient vertical crown are distinguished: Carmen, Favorite Dutovoy, Red Chief. Selected varieties of regional breeding: immune to scab Carmen and highly resistant to scab Favorite Dutovoy, possessing a complex of significant features: fruitful, low growth, with a vertical form of crown as the most valuable for use in breeding and production
-
Description
Professional apple gardening is bound to particular risks, of which is essential losses of a harvest because of diseases. An apple scab, the caused Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter, brings the greatest loss. The main approach in monitoring of a scab of an apple-tree is creation of grades, steady against pathogen. In the present work we have carried out phytopathology testing of generations of the seedlings received from the free pollination of six forms of a crab of Malus orientalis from a collection MOS VIR (Maykop) characterized by a relative resistance to the apple scab in 2-3 classes of damage by long-term data. For infection we used inoculum, consisting both of natural population of a scab, and of strains of pathogen of various cultivars and geographical origin. When carrying out padding infection increase in force of an infectious background that can be bound to selection of the plants of biotypes of a fungus that are most adapted for genotypes was noted. It is recommended for precise elimination of unstable plants at selection at early stages of an ontogenesis to carry out more than one serial infection during the season. By results of the phytopathological testing, we highlighted three Malus orientalis forms from the six studied No. 17982, 17985 and 3080 the most perspective stability genes for an introgressiya in a cultural gene pool of an apple tree
-
PERSPECTIVE OF USING KRASNOSTOPS OF THE ANAPA STATION SELECTION IN THE WINE-MAKING
Description
Currently, more and more popular in the world are indigenous grape varieties. Now in Russia and abroad there is a growing interest in Krasnostops - a high quality indigenous red grape varieties of technical direction. The object of research was the red technical grape variety called Krasnostop Anapa and Krasnostop AZOS, grown in Anapa ampelocalamus and wine from them. As a control, we used two classic grape varieties of varying degrees of saturation in color and extract content of the wines of Cabernet Sauvignon and Saperavi. The article presents the materials of years of research – agrobiological, technological and economic indicators of technical grades of grapes of selection of the Anapa station – Krasnostop Anapa and Krasnostop AZOS. The amount of anthocyanins in wine from Anapa Krasnostops has superior data for these components in the control options. The mass concentration of phenolic substances and their monomer forms in wine materials of grape varieties Krasnostop AZOS and Krasnostop Anapsky is higher than in the quality control of red wines-Cabernet Sauvignon, which indicates a high accumulation of phenolic substances in new grape varieties. In the years of the study of Krasnostop AZOS and Krasnostop Anapsky on organoleptic properties of wine has received good performance - and of 8.78 8.73 points. The brands of wines developed on their basis will fill up a number of high-quality table and liqueur red wines in the Russian market. These grapes have high potential and great prospects in the light of the global trend of their use in winemaking. All this allows to recommend these grades for wide introduction into production in the southern wine-growing regions of Russia
pdf 1.529.008kb
doc 1.529.008kb