03.00.00 Biological sciences
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FEATURES OF REGENERATIVE ABILITY IN CUTTINGS OF TECHNICAL VARIETIES OF BIANCO, VIORICA AND RITON
DescriptionThe article presents the results of three years of studies on regenerative processes in technical white one-bud cuttings of resistant varieties of grapes Bianca, Viorica and Riton. The studies were conducted in greenhouse experiments at the Department of Viticulture of Kuban State Agrarian University. It was found, that the cuttings of Viorica varieties had achieved the best ripening, and the worst was Bianca. Varieties of Viorica and Ryton which have rather good level of ripening of the cuttings, had starch in carbohydrates and Bianca variety had sugar. Earlier blooming of buds characterized the cuttings of Ryton. Blooming of the buds of Bianca somewhat delayed. Maximum length of the shoots characterized the cuttings of Bianca, and the lowest – Viorica. The shortest pre-root period (26.3 days) was observed in Ryton, and the longest (29.3 days) – in Bianca. Viorica was characterized by the highest yield of cuttings with 3 roots and more (81.3%), this indicator was a bit less (72.5%) for Ryton. For Bianca it was minimal and it was 26.3%. A similar pattern was observed for the average number of cuttings formed at the roots: the variety Viorica - 9.4 pc.,Ryton - 8.1 pc. and Bianca - 4.3 pc. Thus, cuttings of the varieties of Viorica and Ryton belong to a group with a very high root growing activity and Bianca has an average activity
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ECOLOGICAL-HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF THE RECREATIONAL ZONE OF THE KRASNODAR REGION
DescriptionThe anthropogenic interference plays more and more increasing role in modern ecologic paradigm. Adjusting this role to the studied region, it is defined by the socio-economic conditions being formed in our country. The rate of construction in the resort zones of the Krasnodar region is sweepingly rising. In spite of the high therapeutic-recreational capacity of the region, this tendency is leading to the further worsening of the ecological situation. The strengthening of the ecological control in the terms of the present economic crisis is highly urgent when more and more Russians prefer native resorts for their rest and in the first turn - resorts of the Krasnodar region. The condition of the ambient air of some recreation zones of the Krasnodar region has been studied. Methods of atomic-absorbing chromatography and optical emissive spectrometry have been used. It has been shown that the differences in data are mainly determined by the different content of the air impurities depending on the probe selection place. According to the studied data, the ecologically purest places are Krasnaya Polyana and Goryachy Klyuch. Whereas, the content of atmospheric air pollutants in the central districts of the resort towns of Sochi and Goryachy Klyuch exceeds MAC. The comparison of the obtained data with the same data of the city of Krasnodar that had been obtained before allows making a conclusion about the favorable eco-hygienic state of the resort zones of the Krasnodar region. So our investigations authentically prove the existence of the significant differences in the ecological conditions of the city on the one hand and of the resort zones of the Krasnodar region on the other hand
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Description
The plant body cells must contain a certain amount of water for a normal life. Water deficiency in cultivated plants was due to using herbicides used in intensive technologies of cultivation of agricultural crops. The conditions of the environment determine the sensitivity of the plant to herbicide. Soil and climatic conditions of winter wheat grown in the time of herbicide treatment are important for the effectiveness of its actions. It was found, that plants grown under shade or high humidity are more sensitive to herbicides than ones grown in bright sunlight and in times of drought. During drought, and in the open sunny spot, plant development is faster and become more stable. On soils rich in humus, we may grow less herbicide-resistant plants than in soils poor in organic matter. Herbicides are moved through the vascular system of plants with nutrients and metabolic products, they cause general poisoning as deformation of the stem and leaves of the plants, growth inhibition, chlorosis, fragility of leaves and stems, sterility, reducing the amount of free to bound water, which is particularly important for combating perennial weeds that have strong and well-developed root system. Monocots are able to immobilize the leaf herbicides. Latency of herbicides and their immobilization are carried out in various ways. Elucidation of the physiological characteristics that determine the resistance of plants to water scarcity and the effects of the herbicides is the most important task, the solution of which is not only of great theoretical, but also has practical significance
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COMBINED PLANTING OF ANNUAL CROPS - IMPORTANT PROBLEM OF PRACTICAL ECOLOGY
DescriptionSelf-regulation of agricultural systems is based upon taking into account the interaction of their components released in variety of species and trophic relations; agricultural systems is diversified in towards a sustainable, productive and strategic development of the systems; one of the most promising areas of diversification of agricultural systems is considered to be an introduction to the practice of combining crops, known in agriculture for a long time, which shows us the nature. The most developed technology for creating combined crops is the practice of creating mixtures and the nature of the relationship between their different components
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DESIGN OF THERAPEUTIC PHAGE COCKTAILS BASED ON T4-TYPE BACTERIOPHAGES: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
DescriptionIn the review, the stages of designing therapeutic cocktails of T4 type bacteriophages based on works by Harald Brüssow from Nestlé S.A. (Switzerland) are considered. The main stages of this process are identified: analysis of existing cocktails, selection of phages; creating a collection; cultivation of the host bacterium, multiplication of viruses; purification of the preparation; contamination testing; preservation, stabilization and storage; preclinical and clinical trials. H. Brüssow first studied the Russian drug " Coli-Proteus bacteriophage " of "Microgen" with the help of metagenomic analysis, electron microscopy and conducted its clinical studies. Prof. Brüssow considered the advantages of T4 bacteriophages for the treatment of Escherichia coli infections. Researchers studied methods of cultivation in Erlenmeyer flasks, in a bioreactor, in disposable sack cultivators for the propagation of viruses. For its purification the chromatography, centrifugation, filtration and polyethylene glycol precipitation were studied. To quickly check the contamination of phage cocktails, a mass spectrometry method is proposed. Researchers considered basic strategies, such as lyophilization, spray drying, the formation of microcrystals and microspheres to stabilize the preparations. They also reviewed the results of clinical trials of phage cocktails. We have listed the problems of selecting T4 bacteriophages from the point of view of modern knowledge. H. Brüssow and his colleagues carried out an interesting work on the construction of phage cocktails based on T4 type bacteriophages, and also revealed the problems of the current state of phage therapy
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EFFECT OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES ON SEEDS GERMINATION OF WINTER BARLEY
DescriptionThe article presents experimental data on the research of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with mean diameter 15 nm and 50 nm effect on seeds germination and growth of 3-day-old etiolated coleoptiles and roots. Compared with distilled water (control) initial colloidal solution of 15 nm and 50 nm GNPs (57 µg/ml) had no significant impact on seeds germination and growth of coleoptiles and roots. However, in both cases a weak tendency to stimulation of the coleoptile growth and root growth inhibition was observed. Reduction of 15 nm GNPs concentration down to 10 µg/ml and 1 µg/ml had not effect on the growth of the seedlings, but stimulated seed germination up to twofold. Similar concentrations of 50 nm GNPs exerted the stimulating effect on seed germination (twofold) and the growth of root and coleoptiles. Seedlings grew especially intensive in colloidal GNPs solution with Au concentration of 10 µg/ml. Temperature rise of 2 degrees (from 25°C to 27°C) resulted in growth increase of control 3-day-old seedlings and opposite effect of 50 nm GNPs: coleoptiles and roots growth fell behind control seedlings growth by 16-17%. However, on the 4th day, the relative growth slowdown of control seedlings occurred at 27°C and growth stimulation effect under the influence of 50 nm GNPs appeared again. Over time, the stimulating effect of 50 nm GNPs decreased: at the end of October it weakened, and in November – beginning of December, it was no observed for the roots, and there was a decline in coleoptiles growth. However, in all cases the effect of stimulation of seeds germination persisted under the influence of 50 nm GNPs, weakening by December. We hypothesize the molecular mechanisms of biological action of GNPs
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METHOD OF SKETCHES IN ARCHAEOGENETICS AND BREEDING OF AGRICULTURAL PLANTS
DescriptionThe issues associated with visualization images of the examined object and the method of sketches or visual notes have been discussed in the article. The images of lagenaria (bottle, shape pumpkins or gourds) in works of art and agrobotanic illustration as a research tool have been selected, with the aim to conduct a visual analysis of the morphological characteristics of bottle gourd for further application of the knowledge gained in archaeogenetics and plant breeding. The article presents images of plants of lagenaria for the period from 1311 to 2014 years. Visual analysis of the morphological characteristics of lagenaria on the basis of visual notes allowed us to identify several key points: the polymorphism of fruits and different duration of the vegetation period, particularly of the reproductive system, which is characterized by different proportions of male and female flowers, the presence of pollinators, night flowering, fruit pubescence on the first stages of development, polymorphism seeds, features maturation based on the size and weight of the fetus. Understanding the range of individual development allows the breeder to submit a complete selection issue, search for new signs will touch the ancient forms of the object, diseases, pests, images which have remained only on the pictures. In our opinion, the method of visual notes can be successfully used in the educational process because it stimulates creativity and cognitive activity of students to search for information about the studied object and its reflection
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Description
The article presents the results of the research on the effect of processing cuttings grapes Moldova and Bianca by a growth regulator called Stimolant 66f (Stimolante 66f) on their regenerative properties, the yield and quality of seedlings. In Moldova grade, we tested three concentrations of the drug - 0.001; 0.01 and 0.1% and grade Bianca - five - - 0.001; 0.005; 0.01; 0.05 and 0.1%, compared to treatment with IAA (standard) or without treatment (control). It was found, that both types of processing cuttings with IAA led to the inhibition of blooming buds. Application of Stimolanta to both varieties accelerated blooming buds, and to the greatest extent on grade Bianca. On the variety Moldova, the processing cuttings with heteroauxin and Stimolant at 0.01 and 0.1% had an inhibitory effect on the growth of shoots, which survived to the end of the experiment. On the variety of Bianca, both the IAA and Stimolant at all concentrations of working solution contributed to a significant increase the length of the shoots. At grade Moldova, basal ends of cuttings treatment for 24 hours in solutions of Stimolanta at 0.01 and 0.1% concentration had the root-growing ability stimulated, enhanced the yield and quality of seedlings. In grade Bianca, better rooting of cuttings with 3 or more roots was observed in the variant of "Stimolant - 0.05%", and a greater number of roots were produced in the version of "Stimolant - 0.1%." In cuttings of varieties ofMoldova, Stimolant showed better results than the IAA in optimal concentrations, and grade Bianca had about the same results
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LAMPENFLORA OF NOVOAFONSKAYA CAVE
DescriptionNovoafonskaya cave is located in Abkhazia. It is equipped for visits in 1975. The cave has permanently installed lighting. In caves with artificial lighting, a vegetation of cyanobacteria and algae, bryophytes and ferns can be found around lamps. The development of lampenflora is a typical problem for cave management. We have identified 69 species of phototrophs in Novoafonskaya cave: Magnoliophyta 2 species, Pteridophyta 6 species, Bryophyta 11 species, Cyanobacteria 34 species, Bacillariophyta 9 species, Ochrophyta 2 species, Chlorophyta 5 species. The article considers main habitat of lampenflora and gives their characteristics. We have also revealed predominance of cyanobacteria in the cave
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Description
This article is devoted to treatment effects of cuttings of a grape variety called Moldova with 0.01% solution of heteroauxin on their regenerative capacity, depending on the light conditions. We have established that the germination of cuttings in the dark, as well as the treatment of heteroauxin significantly stimulate their regenerative abilities. The length of the shoots, regardless of the use of heteroauxin, depends on the mode of the light produced during the germination of cuttings. In both studies, the length of the shoots on the end of experiment cuttings germinated in the dark, was 1,71-2,66 times more than when germinated in the light. Cuttings rooting ability also largely depends on the light produced in their germination. In both studies, the rooting of cuttings started earlier and passed more rapidly during their germination in the dark. Processing cuttings with heteroauxin, followed by germination in the dark, speeded up the formation of roots even more, compared with the case where the cuttings treated with heteroauxin germinated in the light. In the best case rooting increased by 42,5-47,5%, the number of roots on basal ends of cuttings in 18,3- 18,5 times, the numbers of cuttings with 3 or more roots to 72,5-80,0%