03.00.00 Biological sciences
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SPECIES COMPOSITION OF ALGOFLORA IN AGROCENOSIS OF KUBAN
Description
Species composition and abundance of soil algal flora were studied in the Central zone of the Krasnodar region on crops of crops cultivated by various technologies. In the algal flora of the studied area, 48 species of soil algae and cyanobacteria from 28 genera and 18 families, 7 classes and 4 divisions were identified. The largest and numerous in number of species are the departments: Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta. Extensive delivery: Oscillatoria, Gloeocapsa. They account for 22 % of the total number of species. A negative effect of herbicides on number and species composition of soil algae was noted. In all variants of their application there was no form of Klebsormidium flaccidum (Kützing). The number of species of Chlorella vulgaris Beyer. was low, Botrydiopsis arhiza Borzi. It is believed that these species of algae can be used as bioindicators. The positive effect of mineral fertilizers and the aftereffect of introducing organic matter on the soil algal flora have been established. In these variants the deleterious effect of herbicides was reduced. According to the calculated regression equations, the applied mineral fertilizers to a greater extent weakened the negative effect of herbicides on the total number of populations than the aftereffect of introduced organics
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BIOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF BURBOT – LOTA LOTA (LINNAEUS, 1758)
Description
The article presents a biological characteristic of burbots in the waters of Yakutia. We discuss the most essential features of the ecology of this fish
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DISTRIBUTION AND VARIABILITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF CENTAUREA DAGHESTANICA (LIPSKY) CZER
Description
The distribution and variability of features of the endemic of flora Eastern Caucasus Centaurea daghestanica (Lipsky) Czer. were given in this article. Eleven locations of the species are detected and three of them are new ones. C. daghestanica grows in the lower and middle mountain belts from 400 to 1250 m above sea level. In the lower belt, the species is found on clayey areas of the solonchak valley of Kar-Kar and the limestone slopes adjoining the valley, on average on shale screes and stony slopes. Three populations of the C. daghestanica we studied. Species composition on the investigated sites was determined, and a geobotanical description is carried out. Project coverage of C. daghestanica in the studied populations varies within 2–5%. By generative individuals of different ages were represented mainly populations. One generative shoot from 30 individuals in each population was taken to reveal the variability of the generative shoot structure, on which 13 traits were taken into account. The degree of variability of the morphological features of C. daghestanica shoot is different, the influence of the altitude level on them is not the same. The annual shoot of C. daghestanica has an average of 3-5 branches of the first order. Branches of all levels are located at the bottom of the shoot
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BIOLOGY OF SEED GERMINATION OF SOME SPECIES OF FAM. ROSACEAE JUSS
Description
We have studied the germination and the nature of germination of seeds of 20 species of FAM. Rosaceae. A wide range of germination characterizes their seeds: rapid, slow, with very poor or no germination. Laboratory germination of seeds stored at room temperature for 6-7 months have 80-100% - 8 species, 66-77% - 3, 1-9% - 4 species and 5 species did not germinate at room temperature, they need special conditions for germination
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NEW ADVENTIVE WEED PLANT AMMANNIA COCCINEA Rottb. IN THE RICE FIELDS OF THE KRASNODAR REGION
Description
Rice fields all over the world are one of the places of invasion of adventive weed species. They can reduce the yield of the rice crop by 20-30%. The phytomonitoring studies in the rice systems of the Krasnodar region in 2017 have discovered a new species of Ammannia coccinea Rottb. (Lythraceae) among the weed vegetation of the grain crops. The article gives a botanical description of the species; its biological and ecological features and ways of its distribution are discussed. Ammannia coccinea is an annual plant, light-loving and hygrophilous. The country of origin is North America. This is one of the most malicious weeds in California and the United States in general. In Asian and European countries, the plant is brought with rice seeds. Currently, in many rice-growing regions of the world, the species A. coccinea tends to spread and increase the severity of infestation. The species was registered in the Krasnodar region in the rice fields of the Abinskiy, Kalininskiy, Krasnoarmeiskiy and Slavyanskiy regions. The number of plants of A. coccinea does not exceed one plant per 10 m2, with the exception of three locations of invasion, where the density is up to 5-7 pcs/m2 and the plants occupy an area about 0.5 hectares. Considering the fact that in rich soils the height of the plant reaches 1 m, with the ramification of the stem, the plants go to the first tier. They successfully compete with rice plants, suppressing their growth and development. This can adversely affect crop yield. The article discusses the reasons for the appearance of A. coccinea in the rice fields of the Krasnodar region
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DETERMINATION OF ACUTE TOXICITY OF BIO HUMATES
Description
In the work, we present the results of the investigation of acute toxicity of bio humates obtained by the method vermicultivation on laboratory animals. In the diets of farm animals and Pets to fill in the missing nutrients in the past years, we had an extensive use of various feed additives. Among them, mineral (macro - and micronutrients), protein and fat supplements, vitamins, biostimulants, complex natural compounds (sapropel, peat), synthetic products (enzymes, hormones, antibiotics, adaptogens, antioxidants). The search for new ways of improvement and increase of efficiency of agricultural animals using feed additives with high demands on ecology of meat and dairy foods naturally led to increased studies on the use in livestock farming of water-soluble alkaline salts of natural humic acids - humates. Their environmental safety and the unique ability to improve metabolism and increase energy cells very positively manifested in living organisms. Numerous studies Russian and foreign scientists installed a high efficiency natural humates as biostimulators and immunomodulators in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine. Accumulated extensive experimental material, proving that the use of humates leads to faster growth of animals, reducing morbidity and mortality, increase the body's resistance to toxins in feed and resistance to adverse environmental conditions. Improving with the help of humates ecological purity of the ecosystems "water — soil — plant", as well as the health of birds, animals and fish will ultimately lead to strengthen health and to prolong human life as a consumer of agricultural products. Currently, the livestock market is intensively increasing the humates produced in Russia and abroad from brown coal, peat, sapropel. A special place among them has been occupied by the newest formulations because of a unique combination of safety, efficiency, and value, which, thanks to its amazing properties to increase energy cells, stimulate vital processes and to enhance the beneficial effects of other substances called energine. They are harmless to animals and humans; do not have allergologie, anaphylactogenic, teratogenic, embryotoxic and carcinogenic properties when used in recommended doses. This allows you to create on their basis organic natural feed additives and veterinary medicines for agricultural animals, birds, fish, fur animals and Pets, and preventive and therapeutic drugs for humans
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SEED GERMINATION OF SPECIES RANUNCULACEAE OF YAKUT FLORA
Description
The work was done based on the collection of the natural flora of the Yakut Botanical Garden. The object of research was the seeds of 22 species of the family Ranunculaceae. It is known that the seeds of many buttercup characterized morphophysiological tranquility associated with hypoplasia of the fetus (Nikolaeva, 1988; 1999), due to what delayed the germination of their seeds. Laboratory germination of seeds of the studied species varies from 0 to 100%. Among them, we have not found the kinds seeds which have explosive or fast germination (1 type of seed germination). The germination of the studied seeds states ranging from 6-7 days or more. The studied seeds were evenly distributed between 2 (12 species), and 3 types of seed germination (10 species). Type 2 is characterized by slow germination, type 3 - poor germination or lack of it
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PROSPECTS OF CULTURE SPECIES OF BETULACEAE IN ROSTOV REGION
Description
Were summed up of perennial introductory tests of the representatives of the family Betulaceae S.F. Gray in the Botanical Garden SFedU. The 33 species of this family have been studied for a total. Evaluation of winter hardiness of the family members showed that the absolute resistance to the full range of factors winter have representatives genus Betula, also Alnus incana (L.) Moench and Corylus colurna L. Species of the genus Betula and Corylus may be attributed to the plants having a resistance to drought. The highly drought-resistant species – Carpinus betulus L., C. turczaninowii Hance, Alnus incana (L.) Moench and Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. Less than drought-resistant – Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Most of the tested species should be attributed to hemixerophytes. The high degree of defeat by fungal diseases of the species genera Alnus, Betula and Carpinus makes them unsuitable for the regional culture. The causative agent of the disease is a fungus Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar. Based on the totality ecological and biological properties only species of the genus Corylus remain promising for the culture. For introductory test it is advisable to attract drought-tolerant species of the family Betulaceae such as: Alnus barbata C.A. Mey., A. rubra Bong., A. rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng., Carpinus cordata Blume, C. caucasica Grossh., C. caroliniana Walter, C. orientalis Miller., C. tschonoskii Maxim., Betula insignis Franch., B. lanata (Regel) V.N. Vassil., B. luminifera H.J.P. Winkl., B. nikoensis Koidz., B. forrestii Hand.-Mazz., B. utilis D. Don., Ostrya virginiana K.Koch
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Description
Industrial horticulture assumes the most effective use of the potential of varieties. One of the key factors determining the yield of garden plantings is the effectiveness of pollination. To obtain the maximum yield, it is necessary to ensure maximum pollination during the flowering period. For this reason, much attention has been paid to the selection of pollinators. Crab-apple forms are promising for use as pollinators, so this work was aimed at identifying the most common alleles of the self-incompatibility gene in the crab-forms using the molecular genetic method of analysis. The object of the study was 29 apple-tree creams and 3 elite selection forms. They carried out the molecular genetic identification of alleles S2 and S10, which are among the most common apple trees in the world gene pool. Allele S2 was identified in 16 samples (14 forms and 2 elite selection forms), while S10 allele in one sample (elite form 12/2-20 (24-28)). Data on the allelic composition of the S gene in the samples studied are of value for the formation of a genetic passport on the compatibility of the studied samples of apple with modern industrial varieties
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VISUAL PHENOTYPING IN PLANT BREEDING
Description
The article is devoted to visual analysis and its application in the selection process. New possibilities of application of visual display of information in the research process are considered. We have presented the examples of the use of visual phenotyping in breeding, evaluated the advantages and disadvantages in this area. In particular, the algorithm of the program of LHDetect for estimating leaf pubescence of wheat wafers is described, based on the analysis of digital images of the sheet bend. We have also considered Phenotiki platform that uses digital images of the profile of plants for visual phenotyping to assess plant growth. Based on the analysis of various studies it was noted that the application of visual analysis for some purposes is very effective, but for others, on the contrary, not effective. We highlight the actual problems of proper representation and converting information. The article shows the various causes of loss and distortion of data, as well as possible solutions to these problems. The work describes the application of ASK-analysis in the selection process. As an example, it describes the evaluation of the polymorphism of variety groups of grapes. We have presented interesting solutions and ways to minimize distortion and loss of information in the process of its transformation found by the authors of these works. The article reveals the concept of "computational biology" and describes fundamental differences from other areas as well as tasks, problems, possible research areas and promising directions of development of computer biology
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