03.00.00 Biological sciences
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FOREST AMELIORATION OF SANDY SOILS OF TERSKO-KUMSKOYE INTERFLUVE PLAIN WITH PINE CULTURES
DescriptionThe article considers the regularities of the growth and development of the plantations of Crimean and Scotch pine on sandy soils of Tersko-Kumskoye interfluve plain, presents the classification of forest suitability, estimates the forest growing efficiency and prospects of the use of pine species when forest amelioration of soils, suggests the technologies for forestations arrangement. During the past century there had been grown over 60 hectares of pine cultures on sands of Tersko-Kumskoye interfluve plain under the strict conditions of transition zone dry steppe-semidesert. The Achikulakskaya NILOS VNIALMI (N. K. Lalymenko, V. I. Kabalaliyev, N. S. Zyuz) managed to plant about 60 hectares of Crimean pine and over 5 hectares of Scotch pine cultures in the 70-80-th of the last century, about 50 % of them are still growing. The study of the said forestations led to the following conclusions. On the thick sands (6-8 m) of Bazhigansky forest area the stable growth of Scotch pine continues up to 25-30 years, that of Crimean pine – up to 30-35 years. By the age of 40 the productivity of Crimean pine forestations (170-260 m3/ha) exceeds visibly the accumulated reserve of Scotch pine forest stand (60-100 m3/ha). The increment in height decreases sharply starting at the age of 15-20 years for Scotch pine and at 25-30 for Crimean pine plantations. On the clay sands with the level of low-mineralized ground water of 2,5-3,0 m and despite high fall the stable growth of Crimean pine continues up to 35-40 years and more. On the monophase sands of Tersky forest area the Crimean pine grows relatively slowly during the first 10-15 years though more evenly year by year. The thick lamellar deposits and monophase sands with the depth of sweet ground water of 3-5 m provide the best conditions for forest growing. The longevity of Scotch pine plantations of 50-55 years and that of Crimean pine of 60-65 years can be achieved by current planting technologies and effective conservation of the forestations on the thick sands, while on the medium thick clay sands it can be 60-65 and 70-75 correspondingly, and on the monophase sands on the sites with the additional life-long sweet ground water nutrition – over 80 years. The following measures should be the most effective when afforestation of highly overgrown sites – the many-year fallow and thorough cultivation of inter-rows of young cultures and their planting with coulisses and blocks. When planting of cultures on interfluve plain on lightly overgrown sands of low water capacity the planting of seedlings by combined aggregates type MPP-1 provides the best results. The ecological and economical effectiveness of forest amelioration of pastures forms of the costs of the woody and non-woody forestation resources, their soil-conservation, environment improvement and recreation functions. The effect of one hectare of pasture protective pine coulisses planted on lowdegraded pastures should be about 35 thousand rubles during 50 years (average longevity of forestations), when amelioration of highly overgrazed pastures it would be 130 thousand rubles per year. The main part (80-90 %) of the benefit takes the costs of the prevented loss caused by wind erosion
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Description
This work was carried out on the natural territories in the collection and of the Yakut botanical garden (JBG). The object of study was medicinal plants used in the treatment of cardio-vascular system. On the natural territories JBG we have noted 39 species of medicinal plants. 26 species were studied in a culture
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LAMPENFLORA OF NOVOAFONSKAYA CAVE
DescriptionNovoafonskaya cave is located in Abkhazia. It is equipped for visits in 1975. The cave has permanently installed lighting. In caves with artificial lighting, a vegetation of cyanobacteria and algae, bryophytes and ferns can be found around lamps. The development of lampenflora is a typical problem for cave management. We have identified 69 species of phototrophs in Novoafonskaya cave: Magnoliophyta 2 species, Pteridophyta 6 species, Bryophyta 11 species, Cyanobacteria 34 species, Bacillariophyta 9 species, Ochrophyta 2 species, Chlorophyta 5 species. The article considers main habitat of lampenflora and gives their characteristics. We have also revealed predominance of cyanobacteria in the cave
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LAGENARIA - ICONOGRAPHY, DISTRIBUTION AND MULTI-PURPOSE USE
DescriptionThe article considers the multiple use of lagenaria or bottle gourd in different countries of the world. It presents the information of the different types of lagenaria that in each country have their own purposes. Attention is paid to the origin of culture, in this context, considered a variety of the use of culture. A distinctive feature of the culture is that lagenaria is one of the ancient plants that were cultivated by mankind as functional and decorative purposes. We have analyzed lagenaria using on the territory of our country. Total analysis with iconic images of plants allowed us to evaluate new opportunities in the use of culture. In the work we have applied methods of analysis, synthesis and descriptive method
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NUTRIENT MEDIUM FOR INDUCTION GEMMOGENESIS TO CREATE SOMATIC CLONES OF TEA PLANTS IN VITRO CULTURE
DescriptionThe article presents the first results of studies of somaclonal variability, which take place during cultivation of tea plants tissues and organs in vitro culture. As a starting material, there was used morphogenic callus, isolated from the basal part of tea microshoots, because callus increases somaclonal variability. An optimized protocol of the nutrient medium for induction gemmogenesis to product somatic clones of tea plants in vitro culture was developed. Morphogenesis calluses, initiated from the basal part of tea microshoots and subcultured on the nutrient medium with 6 – BAP – 2,5 ml + gibberellic acid – 1,0 ml + Tidiazuron – 4,0 ml + Tryptophan – 1000 mg, distinguished by high rates of induction of gemmogenesis – 63,3 %. The article studies the effect of exogenous growth regulators on morphological and growth indices of tea callus culture in vitro
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LARGEFRUITNESS OF WILD ROSE ON THE SLOPE OF THE FOOTHILLS OF KABARDINO-BALKARIA
DescriptionProducts, received from hips (fruits of wild roses), are profit a high consumer demand, that dictate solutions, which connected with technology of improvement natural dense bushes and creating artificial planting the most valuable in economic relation forms. In connection with it different characters of allocation of wild rose’s bushes is revealed by indicator of size of hips
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BLOOD SUPPLY OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SPOTS OF THE THORAX OF ANIMALS
DescriptionIn the article, the review of the results of the research of blood supply of the thorax of large horned livestock, a pig and a dog is given. Blood supply and outflow of blood from biologically active spots of the thorax are discussed
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KRIMBAS - A NEW WINE HIGHER QUALITY MUSCAT BLACK BERRY GRAPE VARIETY
DescriptionThe variety Krimbas is a hybrid, was gotten by Panteley Zamanidi in Greece and Troshin Leonid in 2001 year by crossing of the varieties Aigeorgitiko and Muscat aleksandriisky. It is got into the group of black sea grape varieties (convar. pontica subconvar. balcanica Negr.). The production period is 146-155 days. The growth of shoots is higher. The average mass of cluster is 300 g. It has higher resistance to frost, drought and fungal diseases compare with Muscat Vitis vinifera L. varieties. The leave is middle, black-green, five lobes, deep dissected, the bubbles on the upper side of leaves surface is low. The upper and bottom cuttings are closed with gleams. The form of cut of leave with low elliptic gleam, the length of petiole is middle. The flower is hemofradit. The ovary is low conical. The pollen is fertile. The cluster is middle or round, conical, middle density. The berry is middle side, oval, black-blue color. The skin is thick. The pulp is juicy, with Muscat after taste, the juicy is not colored. The sugariness of juice is very higher: the berries after overripe faded, then overraisines till 30% from the berry. The quantity of seeds in berry one, rare two. The seed of middle length, brown color, piriform, with shot beak. There are sometimes berries with not advanced seeds. The variety used for preparing dry pink and red wines of perfect grade, so and dries higher quality desert and liker wines; it is used for preparing juice, compotes and jam. The risen got of good quality with soft Muscat after taste.
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FORMS OF PERENNIAL GRASSES WITH RHIZOMES
DescriptionConsidering the nature of the development of sod, gemmation resumption for a period of unfavorable conditions, types of shoots, their vegetative mobility and placement in terms of ecological niches rhizomatous grasses are divided into rhizomatous, rhizome-loosely-turf and sod-rhizomatous biomorphological types, that stand out the specifics of environmental and biological characteristics forming generative, elongated, lateral shoots and roots, differing features of morphology, anatomy, biochemistry and phytocoenology forming continuous grass stand
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BROAD BEANS LEGUMES OF SUMMER PASTURES OF THE NAKHCHIVAN AUTONOMOUS OF REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN
DescriptionThis article includes the value of forage and species composition of legume forage plants of summer pastures in Nakhchivan region. We have found that the forest, subalpine and alpine meadows and covers are regularly arranged in the vertical zone. We have also learned the species content. Flora of summer pasture forage plants rich in resources which have 1588 species (56% of the flora of Nakhchivan region)