03.00.00 Biological sciences
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THE USING LOCAL NATURAL ORIGIN FORAGE RESOURCES IN COMPOUNDS OF BROILER CHICKENS
Description
Using of compound feeds in broiler feed additives of plant resources, activates body's biological functions. This increases productivity and gives an ability to make environmentally friendly products. These local plants feed additives contributing to enrich animal feed with active ingredients include flour from nettle and Caspian marine algae. This article is devoted to studying the composition of nettle from the different locations of growth in Dagestan Republic and also, to determine the effectiveness of the use of nettle flour individually and to how implement it with the seaweeds flour in feeds of broiler chickens instead of herbal flour. The studies showed that nettle from a foothill zone in the flowering period exceeds slightly the nettle from mountain zone on the content of dry matter-1.19 % of protein-0.09 % and exchange energy 0.77 kcal/100g. Nettle meal from mountainous zone also inferiors the foothills in the energy value to 6.81 kcal/100 g. The inclusion of 2% feed meal nettle, 3% seaweed either alone or in combination of 2% instead of+3% of alfalfa grass meal resulted increasing broilers’ body weight 4,60-8,95% betterment survival to2,8-5,70%, increasing muscle output at 0,56-2,54% compared with the control group. The protein content and the amount of essential amino acids in the thoracic muscle in the test group was to 0.97-2.74%andto1,68- 2,11%, respectively, higher than the control. There was a significant increasing iodine in thoracic muscles of experimental groups 119,6-166,07% relative to control. Based on the results of the research, it is recommended to include 2% of feed meal nettle and 3% from algae instead of 4% grass meal of alfalfa to improve the productivity and biological value of broiler meat and 1 % of cereals
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DETERMINATION OF ACUTE TOXICITY OF BIO HUMATES
Description
In the work, we present the results of the investigation of acute toxicity of bio humates obtained by the method vermicultivation on laboratory animals. In the diets of farm animals and Pets to fill in the missing nutrients in the past years, we had an extensive use of various feed additives. Among them, mineral (macro - and micronutrients), protein and fat supplements, vitamins, biostimulants, complex natural compounds (sapropel, peat), synthetic products (enzymes, hormones, antibiotics, adaptogens, antioxidants). The search for new ways of improvement and increase of efficiency of agricultural animals using feed additives with high demands on ecology of meat and dairy foods naturally led to increased studies on the use in livestock farming of water-soluble alkaline salts of natural humic acids - humates. Their environmental safety and the unique ability to improve metabolism and increase energy cells very positively manifested in living organisms. Numerous studies Russian and foreign scientists installed a high efficiency natural humates as biostimulators and immunomodulators in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine. Accumulated extensive experimental material, proving that the use of humates leads to faster growth of animals, reducing morbidity and mortality, increase the body's resistance to toxins in feed and resistance to adverse environmental conditions. Improving with the help of humates ecological purity of the ecosystems "water — soil — plant", as well as the health of birds, animals and fish will ultimately lead to strengthen health and to prolong human life as a consumer of agricultural products. Currently, the livestock market is intensively increasing the humates produced in Russia and abroad from brown coal, peat, sapropel. A special place among them has been occupied by the newest formulations because of a unique combination of safety, efficiency, and value, which, thanks to its amazing properties to increase energy cells, stimulate vital processes and to enhance the beneficial effects of other substances called energine. They are harmless to animals and humans; do not have allergologie, anaphylactogenic, teratogenic, embryotoxic and carcinogenic properties when used in recommended doses. This allows you to create on their basis organic natural feed additives and veterinary medicines for agricultural animals, birds, fish, fur animals and Pets, and preventive and therapeutic drugs for humans
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Description
Industrial horticulture assumes the most effective use of the potential of varieties. One of the key factors determining the yield of garden plantings is the effectiveness of pollination. To obtain the maximum yield, it is necessary to ensure maximum pollination during the flowering period. For this reason, much attention has been paid to the selection of pollinators. Crab-apple forms are promising for use as pollinators, so this work was aimed at identifying the most common alleles of the self-incompatibility gene in the crab-forms using the molecular genetic method of analysis. The object of the study was 29 apple-tree creams and 3 elite selection forms. They carried out the molecular genetic identification of alleles S2 and S10, which are among the most common apple trees in the world gene pool. Allele S2 was identified in 16 samples (14 forms and 2 elite selection forms), while S10 allele in one sample (elite form 12/2-20 (24-28)). Data on the allelic composition of the S gene in the samples studied are of value for the formation of a genetic passport on the compatibility of the studied samples of apple with modern industrial varieties
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INFLUENCE OF COMPLEX COMPOSTS ON DEVELOPMENT OF LIVING ORGANISMS IN TOP LAYERS OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM
Description
Complex compost, which is formed in the process of unification of organic and mineral colloids, the formation of new cycles of nutrients, increasing the enzymatic activity of organic matter and respiration of living organisms, the formation of gaseous compounds, increase of ecological niches and land reclamation is a new direction in practical ecology, agriculture and soil science. This line determines of creation and use of complex mixtures of different wastes household, industrial and agricultural production for enrichment soil of organic and mineral dispersed and colloidal systems and improving their physical, chemical and biological and ecological functions. Formation of complex of compost is provided by the enrichment of substrate of organic matter, comprehensive set of mineral substances and their mixed colloidal composition. Microbial communities are determined by the level of transformation of organic matter and activity of life support system and the variety of living species. Entering into the top layer of soil of complex compost contributes to the development and expansion of ecological niches. At the complex compost it is very active increases the number of actinomycetes, especially representatives of the genus Streptomyces, the population of which are accumulated in the top layer of soil in the summer. Actinomycetes series of Cinereus were encountered most often in the soil after introduction of complex compost, Violaceus and Aureus were allocated less
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Description
Professional apple gardening is bound to particular risks, of which is essential losses of a harvest because of diseases. An apple scab, the caused Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter, brings the greatest loss. The main approach in monitoring of a scab of an apple-tree is creation of grades, steady against pathogen. In the present work we have carried out phytopathology testing of generations of the seedlings received from the free pollination of six forms of a crab of Malus orientalis from a collection MOS VIR (Maykop) characterized by a relative resistance to the apple scab in 2-3 classes of damage by long-term data. For infection we used inoculum, consisting both of natural population of a scab, and of strains of pathogen of various cultivars and geographical origin. When carrying out padding infection increase in force of an infectious background that can be bound to selection of the plants of biotypes of a fungus that are most adapted for genotypes was noted. It is recommended for precise elimination of unstable plants at selection at early stages of an ontogenesis to carry out more than one serial infection during the season. By results of the phytopathological testing, we highlighted three Malus orientalis forms from the six studied No. 17982, 17985 and 3080 the most perspective stability genes for an introgressiya in a cultural gene pool of an apple tree
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ДНК-ПАСПОРТИЗАЦИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ РОССИЙСКИХ СОРТОВ РИСА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ SSR-МАРКЕРОВ
Description
In the presented study, we have performed genotyping of modern Russian rice cultivars using microsatellite DNA-markers. The markers showed different level of allelic polymorphism: from 2 to 8 alleles per locus. For all studied cultivars,unique DNA-fingerprints were obtained
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VISUAL PHENOTYPING IN PLANT BREEDING
Description
The article is devoted to visual analysis and its application in the selection process. New possibilities of application of visual display of information in the research process are considered. We have presented the examples of the use of visual phenotyping in breeding, evaluated the advantages and disadvantages in this area. In particular, the algorithm of the program of LHDetect for estimating leaf pubescence of wheat wafers is described, based on the analysis of digital images of the sheet bend. We have also considered Phenotiki platform that uses digital images of the profile of plants for visual phenotyping to assess plant growth. Based on the analysis of various studies it was noted that the application of visual analysis for some purposes is very effective, but for others, on the contrary, not effective. We highlight the actual problems of proper representation and converting information. The article shows the various causes of loss and distortion of data, as well as possible solutions to these problems. The work describes the application of ASK-analysis in the selection process. As an example, it describes the evaluation of the polymorphism of variety groups of grapes. We have presented interesting solutions and ways to minimize distortion and loss of information in the process of its transformation found by the authors of these works. The article reveals the concept of "computational biology" and describes fundamental differences from other areas as well as tasks, problems, possible research areas and promising directions of development of computer biology
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NEW ADVENTIVE WEED PLANT AMMANNIA COCCINEA Rottb. IN THE RICE FIELDS OF THE KRASNODAR REGION
Description
Rice fields all over the world are one of the places of invasion of adventive weed species. They can reduce the yield of the rice crop by 20-30%. The phytomonitoring studies in the rice systems of the Krasnodar region in 2017 have discovered a new species of Ammannia coccinea Rottb. (Lythraceae) among the weed vegetation of the grain crops. The article gives a botanical description of the species; its biological and ecological features and ways of its distribution are discussed. Ammannia coccinea is an annual plant, light-loving and hygrophilous. The country of origin is North America. This is one of the most malicious weeds in California and the United States in general. In Asian and European countries, the plant is brought with rice seeds. Currently, in many rice-growing regions of the world, the species A. coccinea tends to spread and increase the severity of infestation. The species was registered in the Krasnodar region in the rice fields of the Abinskiy, Kalininskiy, Krasnoarmeiskiy and Slavyanskiy regions. The number of plants of A. coccinea does not exceed one plant per 10 m2, with the exception of three locations of invasion, where the density is up to 5-7 pcs/m2 and the plants occupy an area about 0.5 hectares. Considering the fact that in rich soils the height of the plant reaches 1 m, with the ramification of the stem, the plants go to the first tier. They successfully compete with rice plants, suppressing their growth and development. This can adversely affect crop yield. The article discusses the reasons for the appearance of A. coccinea in the rice fields of the Krasnodar region
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SMALL MAMMALS OF THE TAMAN PENINSULA
Description
In the present study, fauna of small mammals of the Taman Peninsula is analyzed. It is shown that the complex of rodents and insectivores inhabiting the study area differs considerably from the adjacent continental areas and is an isolate. Structure of its fauna and population resembles that of the steppe parts of Crimea and, at the same time, North-West NearCaspian areas. Analyses of variation of the D-loop regions of mtDNA in yellow-bellied mouse Sylvaemus witherbyi, as well as certain peculiarities of the species diversity, show the priority of faunal and genetic connections of the Taman Peninsula’s mammal fauna with the North-West Near-Caspian one
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THE CURRENT STATE OF PIKES IN YAKUTIA WATERS
Description
Pike inhabits almost all the rivers of the Yakutia system. It is more widespread in the lakes of YanoIndigirka and Kolyma lowlands. Objective: To provide a modern assessment of fish in the main model reservoirs, create an ecological prognosis and the possibility of their use in modern conditions. Methods. The material was collected in the conditions of anthropogenic pollution. Full general biological analysis was conducted for the fish. Cruise studies were conducted covering the northern territories - r. Anabar, Olenek, Lena, Yana, Indigirka, Kolyma and Chrome, as well as Vilyuy Dam, from 1969 to 2016. We used the standard ichthyologic methods of selection and processing of the collected material. Results. Because of climate warming, there were reported pike approaches in the lower reaches of the river Lena, Yana and Kolyma. Maximum dimensions were noted earlier in the lower reaches of the river Lena, where the maximum weight of pike was 18 kg. The fecundity of 16-211 thousand eggs. It was revealed, that the catch was better for young pike. Conclusions. Stocks of pike are in satisfactory condition, and its reserves are proposed to be increased, at the expense of unused areas (lakes Kolymo- Indigirka lowland) up to 220 m. It is proposed as a fish-breeding facility in Yakutia reservoirs
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