03.00.00 Biological sciences
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Description
In this article we consider application of the automated systemic and cognitive analysis (ASK-analysis), its mathematical model – a systemic information theory and the program tools realizing them – the intellectual Eidos system, for input (digitization) of images from graphic files, synthesis of the generalized images of classes, their abstraction, classification of the generalized images of classes (clusters and constructs), comparison of concrete images with the generalized images (identification) of classes, comparisons of classes with each other and creations of the generalized images of genus of ground beetles on the basis of images of the types. The new approach to digitization of images of ground beetles based on use of a polar frame, the center of weight of the image and its external contour is offered. Before digitization of images, their transformations standardizing the provision of images, their sizes and an angle of rotation can be applied. Therefore, the results of digitization and the ASK-analysis of images can be invariant (are independent) concerning their situation, the sizes and turn. There is a successful experience of the solution of similar tasks in other subject domains. This article can be considered as a continuation of series of the works devoted to application of the automated systemic and cognitive analysis (ASK-analysis) and its program tools – the Eidos system
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Description
The article presents the results on the effects of Imazethapyr herbicide on aquatic organisms. The chronic toxic effects have been studied of the imidazolinone herbicide in a concentration range of 0.4 - 1150 mg/l to the representatives of various groups of aquatic organisms: zoobenthos – great ramshorn snail (Planorbarius corneus), zooplankton - Daphnia (Daphnia magna Straus), phytoplankton - protococcal alga (Scenedesmus guadrigauda) and macrophytes - higher aquatic vegetation (Elodea canadensis Michx). It is shown that the herbicide does not have a pronounced lethal effect to aquatic organisms tested. Their respective LC50 values are > 1000, 680, 510 and 910. Elodea is shown to be most sensitive to its sublethal effects (decreased growth of lateral and main sprouts at a concentration of 10 mg/l and more), reduced fertility was observed in Daphnia at a concentration of 300 mg/l and above, and as to the great ramshorn snail no sublethal effects have been revealed for all the concentrations studied
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INTRODUCTION OF NEW GRAPES VARIETIES TO THE IN VITRO CULTURE
DescriptionClonal micro-multiplication – is this the basic method of obtaining the qualitative virus-free planting material. The high quality specificity of the explants reaction of the grapes varieties to the composition of nutrient medium requires the individual selection of the medium components for the most successful multiplication in vitro. In the article we present the results of studies on the cultivation of the grapes apexes in vitro the modified medium with the reduced content of macrocells. As a result of conducted investigations we have established that for the grapes varieties of Academic Trubilin, Artemis, Gurman Kraynova, Maria Kallas, Nizina, Petit Verdo and Traminer Black the most effective introduction into the in vitro culture (acclimatization of apexes 80- 100%) occurs on modified nutrient medium to Murasige and Skoog (1962), by being differed in terms of the content macro-elements (mG/l): NH4NO3 – 1237; KNO3 – 1425; MgSO4 · 7N2O – 277,5; KN2PO4 · H2O – 277,5, of the vitamin Of v1 – 10,0 mG/l, nicotinic acid – 4 mG/l. Remaining varieties of Kishmish luchistiy, Preobrajenie, Roshfor K and Yubiley Novocherkasska in the same medium were developed slowly and in a different way
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THE APPLICATION OF THE BACTERIOPHAGES TO COMBAT COLIBACILLOSIS AND CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS IN POULTRY
DescriptionThis work considers the needs and methods of phage therapy of two bacterial infections in poultry. The review examines the use of bacteriophages, from the moment of their discovery to the present day. We discuss the relevance of such diseases as compilobacteriosis and colibacteriosis transmitted from birds to humans, we show how to use bacteriophages and their efficacy in models of adult birds and chickens, including information provided on the pilot study of phage therapy at a poultry farm. The reported study was partially supported by RFBR, research projects No. 16-44-230855 and No. 13-04- 00991 and № 16-44-230855-р_а
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BIOMONITORING OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS CONTAMINATION OF RECREATIONAL AREAS OF ROSTOV-ON-DON
DescriptionThe article presents the data on the chemical elements content in soils, plant leaves and lichens of three squares in Rostov-on-Don. The calculation of the total index of soil contamination by chemical elements finds that soils of the square are characterized by a low degree of contamination
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MODERN WAYS OF OIL-CONTAMINATED WASTE UTILIZATION FOR THE ELIMINATION OF POLLUTION
DescriptionThe article deals with the problem of eliminating environmental pollution by oil-contaminated waste. It's suggested modern ways of improving technologies for oily waste utilization. The comparative characteristic of the essence, advantages and disadvantages, effectiveness of ways of waste recycling is described. The basic utilization technologies of oil sludge of various origins are emphasized taking into account the aspects of their composition and properties. It's represented the results of a patent search in this area to ensure a high level of new developments. It's characterized the developed technologies for utilization and recycling of oily waste to produce environmentally products of utilization – organic and mineral additives which are suitable for use as secondary material resources
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USE OF EPIN-EXTRA, R PREPARATION ON SEED PLANTS OF ONION
DescriptionAn important element in the technology of growing seed plants of onion is the use of physiologically active substances to protect plants from frost in early spring growing season. Damage to plants during this period affects seed production. In the experiment we used preparation called Epin-Extra R, with which the leaves of plants were treated a day before expected frost. Test results have shown high efficiency of preparation in the field and in the film unheated greenhouse. Treatment helps to balance the negative impact of low temperatures and obtain an additional seeds yield 92-95 kg / ha more compared with the control, due to the increase of seed of productivity of plants to 3.2 g
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Description
The research results on regeneration activity of wilding cuttings of phylloxeraresistant varieties of grapes influenced by heteroauxin treatment are analysed in the article. The preliminary studies were held in All-Russian research institute of viticulture and wine-making of Ya.I. Potapenko using cuttings of 3 grape varieties – Berlandieri x Riparia Cober 5bb, Riparia x Rupestris 101-14 and Berlandieri x Riparia CO-4. The cuttings were soaked during 48 hours in 0,005 % heteroauxin and were implanted in sand in adjustable conditions of temperature, humidity and aeration. In 2012-2013 experiments were continued in Kuban State Agrarian University. The varieties Gravesak, RSB and Berlandieri x Riparia Teleki 5C were added to the experiment. Three-items buds were shooted in damp steamed sawdust in a film hothouse. In preliminary researches application of heteroauxin has allowed to increase root-growing by 20,3-40,0 %. The greatest increase of root-growing (40 %) was observed on variety СО-4, that is characterized by the weakest potential rhizogenesis activity, and the least (20,3 %) on control variety Cober 5 bb. Next researches show that treatment of cuttings basal ends by 0,01 % heteroauxin activated their regeneration process, that was expressed in: increase in sprouts length – variety 5 C, 101-14 and Gravesak by 23,1- 157,6 %; increasing of cuttings root-growing from 16,7 % on variety 5C to 60,0 % on variety Cober 5 bb, the quantity of cuttings with not fewer of 3 roots from accordingly 13,0 % to 54,7 %; increasing of roots from 0,7 on variety СО-4 to 2,7 on variety 101-14 or in 1,7-2,7 times. The application of heteroauxin on variety RSB did not show positive results, because of the variety peculiarities
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NEW MEDIUM-RIPENING WATERMELON VARIETY YUBILYAR FOR PRODUCERS IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
DescriptionAt present, the demand of producers and the market determine the model of future varieties. Task for breeders is to develop varieties having a set of economic and biological traits fitting into the model templates. The developed varieties and hybrids should ensure for climatic conditions of the Krasnodar region consistently high yields, better product quality and maximum efficiency of crop industry. As a result of breeding work there was developed a watermelon variety called Yubilyar, belonging to medium-ripening group, having high figures of economically valuable traits. The variety has resistance to unfavorable factors of growing conditions and stable yields. It is suitable for cultivation in rainfed areas and practically does not require protective measures against major diseases prevalent in the southern regions. Fruits are large, of wide elliptical shape, with bright crispy red flesh and a thin crust. Determined by stable fruiting under different weather conditions, friendly yield return, commercial fruits – up to 92%. Potential yield – up to 25 t/ha. Good stored for 40-50 days, suitable for transportation on a long distance. Passed preliminary tests on the fields in the Krasnodar, Rostov regions and the Republic of North Ossetia. According to results of evaluation from producers the variety meets requirements of the market and has a commercial appeal
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FASCIATION IN NATURE AND IN EXPERIMENTS
DescriptionThe phenomenon of fasciation on the example of higher plants was considered. The effect of fasciation on the various particularities of plants has been shown. The numerous examples of the different groups of plants with fasciation bodies are given. We have demonstrated that the phenomenon of fasciation is more common for cultivated plants than for wild. In most cases, fasciation is considered as an exceptional phenomenon. A number of authors have distinguished fasciation to inheritable and non-inheritable. The first is caused by internal reasons. The second is the influence of external factors such as insect damage, injury, weather conditions. The number of regularities was installed: reproductive bodies of plants fasciationing more often; thermophilic forms are more likely to be fasciation. The images of different cultures with fasciation parts are given. We discuss using the introduction of the term ”connаtions” as morphological abnormalities. Fasciation can be considered as a marker trait for the cause of this phenomenon with violation of ecological situation. The plants with morphosis, including fasciation of the certain parts of bodies, can act as indicators of environmental pollution. The study of the phenomenon of fasciation in higher plants can be regarded as a method of breeding for large fruit size. From one side, to establish the adaptation abilities of newly created genotypes. Thus, the phenomenon of fasciation has affected many areas of science. On the other side, it is proof of the violations caused by environmental factors. On the other hand, it is hereditary reasons, and can also serve as a model for studying morphogenesis