03.00.00 Biological sciences
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"RARE PUMPKIN" IN STAMPS – THE HISTORY OF PLANTS, DISTRIBUTION AND ICONOGRAPHY
DescriptionIn the article we consider illustrative images of rare pumpkin cultures presented in stamps of different countries. In this work, we analyze stamps which represent rare pumpkin cultures. Stamps are reflection of the economy; they portray agriculture and elements of technology of agricultural production. Cucurbitaceae family includes a large number of species that are very different from each other in the form of fruits, in purpose, in origin. The objective of our study was to conduct a visual analysis of rare pumpkin crops, which are used in the world; to reflect the research progress on the introduction and the achievement of breeding work. The article provides an analysis of several cultures: momordika (Momordica charantia L.), Kiva (Kiwano), horned melon, cucumber Antilles, (Cucumis metuliferus L.); Akantositsios Naudin (Acanthosicyos naudinianus L.); momordica balsamina (Momordica Balsamina L.); koktsiniya (Coccinia sessifolia L.); luffa cylindrical (Luffa cylindrica L.); Lagenaria (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.); cucumber snake (Trichosanthes anguina L.); antilles cucumber, anguria (Cucumis anguria L.); african cucumber (Cucumis africanus Lindl); wax gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb) Cogn..); chayota or mexican cucumber (Sechium edule Swartz). The analysis of the iconography of images of rare pumpkin crops in stamps of different countries allowed us to see the history of culture introduction of wild pumpkin from the local and foreign flora
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EFFECT OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES ON SEEDS GERMINATION OF WINTER BARLEY
DescriptionThe article presents experimental data on the research of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with mean diameter 15 nm and 50 nm effect on seeds germination and growth of 3-day-old etiolated coleoptiles and roots. Compared with distilled water (control) initial colloidal solution of 15 nm and 50 nm GNPs (57 µg/ml) had no significant impact on seeds germination and growth of coleoptiles and roots. However, in both cases a weak tendency to stimulation of the coleoptile growth and root growth inhibition was observed. Reduction of 15 nm GNPs concentration down to 10 µg/ml and 1 µg/ml had not effect on the growth of the seedlings, but stimulated seed germination up to twofold. Similar concentrations of 50 nm GNPs exerted the stimulating effect on seed germination (twofold) and the growth of root and coleoptiles. Seedlings grew especially intensive in colloidal GNPs solution with Au concentration of 10 µg/ml. Temperature rise of 2 degrees (from 25°C to 27°C) resulted in growth increase of control 3-day-old seedlings and opposite effect of 50 nm GNPs: coleoptiles and roots growth fell behind control seedlings growth by 16-17%. However, on the 4th day, the relative growth slowdown of control seedlings occurred at 27°C and growth stimulation effect under the influence of 50 nm GNPs appeared again. Over time, the stimulating effect of 50 nm GNPs decreased: at the end of October it weakened, and in November – beginning of December, it was no observed for the roots, and there was a decline in coleoptiles growth. However, in all cases the effect of stimulation of seeds germination persisted under the influence of 50 nm GNPs, weakening by December. We hypothesize the molecular mechanisms of biological action of GNPs
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MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF IRIS HALOPHILA AN INTRODUCTION IN CENTRAL YAKUTIA
DescriptionInvestigation variability of morphological features of Iris halophila an introduction in Central Yakutia. Dependence of morphological variability of Iris halophila on quantity of dropping-out rainfall in initial habitats is revealed
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Description
The results of scientific investigations in specifying environmental and faunal composition of soil invertebrates at agricultural landscapes of steppe zone of the Krasnodar region are presented this article. Observed territory is represented with four main classes of animals: Insecta (insects), Crustacea (cancroid), Myriapoda (myriapod), Olygochaeta (worms with small bristles). Those animals were the subject of further descriptions of territory. Some peculiarities and regularities of quantity and taxonomic compound of mesofauna, depending on technological methods that are being used for cultivation of agricultural crops in experimental farming JSC “Zavety Il’icha” of the Leningrad district, are considered. The observed area is mostly populated with soil inhabitants (68,7%) that include such families as Geophilomorpha (geofila), Lithobiomorpha (drupes), Julidae (millipede), Enchytraeidae, Lumbricidae (earth worms). It was found that the use of complex compost (as an alternate method of cultivating the winter wheat and the sugar beet) has a positive impact on a biological activity of ordinary chernozem. The introduction of complex compost optimized the ecological state of agrolandscape system, which is associated with activation of biophilic elements at upper soil layer. An upgrade of soil structure, water-holding capacity and agrochemical properties creates enabling environment for the vital activity of invertebrates and for their trophic cooperation with the habitats
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STUDYING THE GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF PINE GEOGRAPHICAL CULTURES IN THE CENTRAL FOREST-STEPPE
DescriptionThe results of studying the ordinary pine condition in geographical cultures of the Central forest-steppe are cited in the article. The general pattern of the ordinary pine intraspecific variability is represented. The data of origin influence on safety, efficiency, qualitative adjectives are presented. The pattern of ecotypes adaptability to new environment conditions is presented
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Description
The article presents data on the growth of an assimilation apparatus of Scots pine, silver birch and pedunculate oak in the conditions of the Lipetsk industrial center. It is established that the growth dynamics of annual and biennial needles of Scots pine under pollution is higher compared to the control, while absolute values of length and mass of needles less. Starting from the second year, in the conditions of contamination noted stunted pine needle growth, which increases by the third year. It is shown that the linear dimensions of the lamina of birch in the conditions of pollution are not changing much compared to the control, whereas the linear dimensions of the lamina of pedunculate oak in the conditions of pollution is less than the control
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ECOLOGICAL PATH "CHOCHUR-MURAN" ON THE NATURAL TERRITОRY OF YAKUTSK BOTANICAL GARDEN
DescriptionThe article presents the data about flora and vegetation of the territory of the Yakut Botanical garden, where an ecological trail will be; there is a characteristic of plant communities and their classification. Preliminary, the flora of the ecological path includes 310 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 54 families and 172 genera
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Description
The article provides information about phytochemical investigation, medical and nutritional importance of fruits of Capparisherbacea L. including CapparaceaeJuss. family in the area of the Nakhchıvan Autonomous Republic. Some solvents had been applied, fruit and leave extracts had been bought. The purification and identification of content of plant extracts had been investigated with spectroscopic and chromotographic methods. The saponins, carotinoids, chlorophyll pigments and flavonoids had been revealed in the content of extracts. The extracts have been acquired from fruits of this species by use of polar and nonpolar solvents and the composition of extracts have been studied with different applied methods. The column and thin layer chromatography carried out in order to purification of contents and extracts were fractionation and Rf values were calculated
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THE CONCEPT OF THE «RNA WORLD»: THEORY AND PRACTICE
DescriptionThe review examines research unusual properties of RNA. RNA has the ability to act as both genes and enzymes (ribozymes). This property could offer a way around the «chicken-and-egg» problem: genes require enzymes; enzymes require genes. Furthermore, RNA can be transcribed into DNA, in reverse of the normal process of transcription. These facts are reasons to consider that the RNA world could be the original pathway to cells. The general notion of an «RNA World» is that, in the early development of life on the Earth, genetic continuity was assured by the replication of RNA and genetically encoded proteins were not involved as catalysts. There is now strong evidence indicating that an RNA World did indeed exist before DNAand protein-based life. RNA has multiple functions. Among these, "messenger RNA" carries genetic information from DNA to protein formation. RNA is often a single-stranded spiral, but also exists in double-stranded form. In 1998, Craig Mello and Andrew Fire discovered through their studies of the roundworm C. elegans a phenomenon dubbed "RNA interference". In this phenomenon, double-stranded RNA blocks messenger RNA so that certain genetic information is not converted during protein formation. This "silences" these genes, i.e. renders them inactive. The phenomenon plays an important regulatory role within a genome. Recent years have been perhaps the most fruitful period yet in terms of research in the area of mRNA stability (Phenomena: Gene Silencing; RNA interference; Identity of mRNA decay in vivo and in vitro). The elaboration of new methods in biothechnology have been presented
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Description
Researches were carried out on three-eyed cuttings of stock of phylloxera-resistant grape varieties Berlandieri×RipariaCober 5BB (Cober 5BB), Riparia× Rupestris101-14 (101-14), Berlandieri × RipariaСО-4 (СО-4), Gravesak and RSB. Cuttings of presented varieties were wetted during 24 hours in water and after preliminary drying of the surface were covered in the upper part with antitranspirant, under the temperature about 90°С. Then 40 cuttings of every variety were placed with lower ends for 24 hours in 0,01% heteroauxin solution or for 8 hours in 1% Radix Plus solution. Cuttings of the control variant were placed in water. After treatment cuttings, were couching in a film greenhouse on a heated rack in humid steamed sawdust. In the result of the present researches there was determined that the wetting of basal ends of cuttings of stock phylloxera-resistant varieties in 1% Radix Plus water solution plus during 8 hours leads to the essential activity of regeneration processes in them. The expansion of the length of shoots on rooted cuttings of the experimental variant amounted for 19,2–154,5 %, the rooting of cuttings - 23,3–76,7 %, the output of cuttings having at least three roots – 33,0–78,1 %, the number of calcaneal roots– 80,8–257,1 %. The maximum increase of the length of shoots under the influence of Radix Plus was observed at varieties of Gravesak and СО-4, the rooting – Cober 5BB and CO-4, the amount of cuttings at least three roots and average amount of roots on them –101-14 and Cober 5BB. The Radix Plus caused the great stimulating influence the rootforming ability of cuttings of stock varieties than heteroauxin, the standard stimulator of root-forming