03.00.00 Biological sciences
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EFFECT OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES ON SEEDS GERMINATION OF WINTER BARLEY
DescriptionThe article presents experimental data on the research of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with mean diameter 15 nm and 50 nm effect on seeds germination and growth of 3-day-old etiolated coleoptiles and roots. Compared with distilled water (control) initial colloidal solution of 15 nm and 50 nm GNPs (57 µg/ml) had no significant impact on seeds germination and growth of coleoptiles and roots. However, in both cases a weak tendency to stimulation of the coleoptile growth and root growth inhibition was observed. Reduction of 15 nm GNPs concentration down to 10 µg/ml and 1 µg/ml had not effect on the growth of the seedlings, but stimulated seed germination up to twofold. Similar concentrations of 50 nm GNPs exerted the stimulating effect on seed germination (twofold) and the growth of root and coleoptiles. Seedlings grew especially intensive in colloidal GNPs solution with Au concentration of 10 µg/ml. Temperature rise of 2 degrees (from 25°C to 27°C) resulted in growth increase of control 3-day-old seedlings and opposite effect of 50 nm GNPs: coleoptiles and roots growth fell behind control seedlings growth by 16-17%. However, on the 4th day, the relative growth slowdown of control seedlings occurred at 27°C and growth stimulation effect under the influence of 50 nm GNPs appeared again. Over time, the stimulating effect of 50 nm GNPs decreased: at the end of October it weakened, and in November – beginning of December, it was no observed for the roots, and there was a decline in coleoptiles growth. However, in all cases the effect of stimulation of seeds germination persisted under the influence of 50 nm GNPs, weakening by December. We hypothesize the molecular mechanisms of biological action of GNPs
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MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF IRIS HALOPHILA AN INTRODUCTION IN CENTRAL YAKUTIA
DescriptionInvestigation variability of morphological features of Iris halophila an introduction in Central Yakutia. Dependence of morphological variability of Iris halophila on quantity of dropping-out rainfall in initial habitats is revealed
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Description
The results of scientific investigations in specifying environmental and faunal composition of soil invertebrates at agricultural landscapes of steppe zone of the Krasnodar region are presented this article. Observed territory is represented with four main classes of animals: Insecta (insects), Crustacea (cancroid), Myriapoda (myriapod), Olygochaeta (worms with small bristles). Those animals were the subject of further descriptions of territory. Some peculiarities and regularities of quantity and taxonomic compound of mesofauna, depending on technological methods that are being used for cultivation of agricultural crops in experimental farming JSC “Zavety Il’icha” of the Leningrad district, are considered. The observed area is mostly populated with soil inhabitants (68,7%) that include such families as Geophilomorpha (geofila), Lithobiomorpha (drupes), Julidae (millipede), Enchytraeidae, Lumbricidae (earth worms). It was found that the use of complex compost (as an alternate method of cultivating the winter wheat and the sugar beet) has a positive impact on a biological activity of ordinary chernozem. The introduction of complex compost optimized the ecological state of agrolandscape system, which is associated with activation of biophilic elements at upper soil layer. An upgrade of soil structure, water-holding capacity and agrochemical properties creates enabling environment for the vital activity of invertebrates and for their trophic cooperation with the habitats
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STUDYING THE GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF PINE GEOGRAPHICAL CULTURES IN THE CENTRAL FOREST-STEPPE
DescriptionThe results of studying the ordinary pine condition in geographical cultures of the Central forest-steppe are cited in the article. The general pattern of the ordinary pine intraspecific variability is represented. The data of origin influence on safety, efficiency, qualitative adjectives are presented. The pattern of ecotypes adaptability to new environment conditions is presented
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INTENSIFICATION OF CULTIVATION OF CHLORELLA WITH THE USE OF IRON NANOPARTICLES
DescriptionThe influence of reduced iron nanoparticles and its oxide Fe2O3 on the growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris IFR # S-111 added to the Tamiya nutrient medium is studied. In the range of concentration of additives 0-0,1 g/l (gram per litre) an oxide inhibited the growth of microalga already when its content in the environment 6,25*10-3 g/l. With the increase of reduced iron concentration in the first twenty-four hours in the whole range the growth of the cell concentration of microalga was observed. With a maximum iron concentration of 0,1 g/l the density of a chlorella exceeded the control for 70%, and in 48 hours for 150%. The microscopy hasn't shown morphological changes of a chlorella cells with addition of the nanoparticles to nutrient medium. Accelerated reproduction of the microalga cells became the result of the intensification of the photosynthetic processes, as indicated by the nature of the parameters of delayed fluorescence (DF) of chlorophyll and shapes of the induction curves. The maximum level of DF in all experimental samples after 24 hours of cultivation was significantly higher than the control, and photosynthetic activity increased with increasing concentration of nanoparticles. In 48 hours the maximum activity was observed at concentration of nano iron 0,0125 mg/l, then decreased. It shows that with an intensive growth of a chlorella the potential of nutrient medium was quicker exhausted that led to decrease in intensity of photosynthetic processes
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Description
In the article we present the results of comparative researches of herbaceous covering of plant communities in the alpine zone of the Republic of Dagestan on the example of Dido- depression. The plant covering of the investigated region differs in extraordinary variety. The general regularity of plant distribution is vertical zones. There were made 6 ground profiles at different elevations from 1450m to the alpine zone at 2500m above sea level. Variety of phytocenoses is connected as with changes of ground conditions, so with environmental conditions. We have researched and identified the types of grounds with laying of grounds profiles on the vertical zonality. There we studied the specific composition of herbaceous plants on the examined ground and given names to plant communities. The studying phytocenosis are analyzed by productivity of functional groups. We have shown the share of each species and their abundance. Of all plant communities, the mass of herb differ dominates. The composition of plant communities is analyzed, depending on high-altitude grades and degree of anthropogenic load influence
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APPROBATION OF SSR-ANALYSIS FOR DNA-IDENTIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL WINE YEAST STRAINS
DescriptionThe study was performed to genotype some commercial wine yeast strains with SSR-markers. Five polymorphic SSR-markers were tested in a selection of 15 yeast strains. Tested SSR-markers showed a high level of informativeness as well as polymorphism and can be used further to analyze the genetic diversity of wine yeast
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Description
In the article we have stated results of the monitoring of local populations of rare plans species in the territory of the nature monument (NM) of the Rostov region «Raznotravno-tipchakovo-kovylnaya steppe» (Zernogradsky district). Vegetation of NM belongs to the poor version of the Azov steppe, flora contains 291 species, including 13 rare species (Astragalus ponticus Pall., Bellevalia sarmatica (Pall. ex Georgi) Woronow, Calophaca wolgarica (L. f.) DC., Caragana scythica (Kom.) Pojark., Centaurea talievii Kleop., Crambe pinnatifida R. Br., C. tataria Sebeok, Crocus reticulatus Stev. ex Adam, Eriosуnaphe longifolia (Fisch. ex Spreng.) DC., Iris pumila L., Stipa pulcherrima К. Koch, S. ucrainica P. Smirn., Tulipa schrenkii Regel), included in the Red List of the Rostov region, including 6 species included in the Red List of the Russian Federation. In 2016 were specified the patterns of rare species distribution in NM borders, and also other important parameters of their populations (number, density, age structure, etc.). The group of rare plants species, included in the Red List of the Rostov region, in the territory of NM includes 65 % of their total number known in Zernogradsky district. The special sozological value of NM is determined by the large local populations of Calophaca wolgarica, Astragalus ponticus and Crambe pinnatifida. Local populations of all rare species in the territory of NM can be considered to be steady as inhabit here during last 50 years
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Description
Researches on non-root additional fertilizing of grapes with complex water-soluble fertilizer called Nutrivant plus have been conducted in corporation "Pobeda" in Temrjuksky area of Krasnodar territory on the implanted plantings of technical grade Rhine Riesling. In the test, the following kinds of Nutrivant plus were used: oleiferous (N0P20K33), sugar beet (N0P36K24), grapes (N0P40K25), universal (N19P19K19), grain (N6P23K35). Each mark of Nutrivant plus contained a certain set of microelements. The test consisted of six variants:1 variant - without additional fertilizing(control); 2 variant: grapes - before flowering, grapes - a growth phase of berries (a berry about a pea), oleiferous - the beginning of maturing of berries; 3 variant: universal - before flowering, universal - a growth phase of berries (a berry about a pea), oleiferous- the beginning of maturing of berries; 4 variant: grain - before flowering, grain - a growth phase of berries (a berry about a pea), oleiferous- the beginning of maturing of berries; 5 variant: Sugar beet - before flowering, a sugar beet - a growth phase of berries (a berry about a pea), a sugar beet - the beginning of maturing of berries; 6 variant: universal - before flowering, grain - a growth phase of berries (a berry about a pea), grapes - the beginning of maturing of berries. Norm of the expense of fertilizer is 3 kg/hectares. The expense of a working liquid - 700 l/hectares. The result was, that in the third, fourth and fifth variant of the test the increase in a crop from a bush happened accordingly on 7,5, 13,8 and 17,8 %. The maximum increase of a crop in the fifth variant was accompanied by increase in mass concentration of sugars in juice of berries on 0,6 g/100 см3и decrease titratable acidities for 0,6/dm3 As a result triple not root additional fertilizing of grapes plants grade Riesling with Nutrivant plus (universal - before flowering, grain - in a growth phase of berries and grape - in the beginning of maturing of berries) promoted more optimization of a water mode of leaves, increase in weight of a cluster, a crop from a bush and productivity, mass concentration of sugars and phenolic substances in juice of berries
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Description
Tomato is one of the most popular vegetables in Kuban. Every year, the area under this crop in the region occupies more than 11 thousand ha. Currently the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in Krasnodar region, includes more than 90 tomato varieties and hybrids, however, the need for new, more productive varieties is not reduced. The important task of breeding is development of varieties and F1 hybrids with stable realization of the potential, with high level of yield ability, resistance to adverse environmental factors. In the southern regions of Russia for tomatoes, especially during flowering and fruit ripening, the most unfavorable abiotic environmental factors are excessive heat (air temperature 35 - 45 ° C or higher) and high solar radiation. Adverse temperature conditions often act as a deterrent in obtaining high yields, due to the flowers and fruits drop. The article presents the results of breeding activities of the last ten years (2007 - 2016) on development of new tomato varieties and F1 hybrids for different purposes As a result of studies there were developed four tomato varieties and one F1 hybrid that meet the requirements of production and are adapted to abiotic conditions of cultivation in open field in Kuban