03.00.00 Biological sciences
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Description
The article presents the results of the studies on the variability of morphological traits of the cenopopulations of Allium prostratum, Allium ramosum on the natural territory of the Yakutsk Botanical Garden and in cultura. We have performed researches of biometric parameters, which revealed the structural features of the plant and the nature of the variability of their parts. The article also gives an estimation of coenopopulations vitality
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Description
The pathogenic agent of apple scab disease, Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Winter, causes significant damage to the industrial production of apples. Studying the pathogen in pure culture is important for solving the theoretical and practical issues of its biology. The sporulation ability of the Venturia inaequalis laboratory culture is an important diagnostic feature in morphological culture analysis, in the test for sensitivity to fungicides, when creating a collection inoculum for an artificial infection. We have studied the morphological features of conidiogenesis of pure V. inaequalis culture, such as the location of conidiogenic structures and their form. For the first time in the laboratory culture of the pathogen, sporulation in the thickness of agar on the substrate mycelium was demonstrated. Conidiogenesis proceeded according to the blastic-annellidic type. Depending on the location of the conidiogenic structures on the aerial or substrate mycelium, their morphology was different. Conidiogenic areas in the substrate mycelium could be observed with the unaided eye, in the form of hyphal grit, while they were conidia conglomerations in each annelid. Annellide had a curved shape. On the aerial mycelium, annelids were straight and always had only one conidium. Differences in the morphology of conidiogenic structures are supposed to be related to the physical conditions of the environment in which sporulation takes place. In the agar, each mature conidium remaining at the apex of the annelid interferes with the formation of the next one, which results in its bending. The fixed arrangement of conidiogenic structures and forming conidia in the thickness of agar allows the use of substrate sporification for model studies of the conidiogenesis process
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SMALL MAMMALS OF THE TAMAN PENINSULA
DescriptionIn the present study, fauna of small mammals of the Taman Peninsula is analyzed. It is shown that the complex of rodents and insectivores inhabiting the study area differs considerably from the adjacent continental areas and is an isolate. Structure of its fauna and population resembles that of the steppe parts of Crimea and, at the same time, North-West NearCaspian areas. Analyses of variation of the D-loop regions of mtDNA in yellow-bellied mouse Sylvaemus witherbyi, as well as certain peculiarities of the species diversity, show the priority of faunal and genetic connections of the Taman Peninsula’s mammal fauna with the North-West Near-Caspian one
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INTENSIFICATION OF CULTIVATION OF CHLORELLA WITH THE USE OF IRON NANOPARTICLES
DescriptionThe influence of reduced iron nanoparticles and its oxide Fe2O3 on the growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris IFR # S-111 added to the Tamiya nutrient medium is studied. In the range of concentration of additives 0-0,1 g/l (gram per litre) an oxide inhibited the growth of microalga already when its content in the environment 6,25*10-3 g/l. With the increase of reduced iron concentration in the first twenty-four hours in the whole range the growth of the cell concentration of microalga was observed. With a maximum iron concentration of 0,1 g/l the density of a chlorella exceeded the control for 70%, and in 48 hours for 150%. The microscopy hasn't shown morphological changes of a chlorella cells with addition of the nanoparticles to nutrient medium. Accelerated reproduction of the microalga cells became the result of the intensification of the photosynthetic processes, as indicated by the nature of the parameters of delayed fluorescence (DF) of chlorophyll and shapes of the induction curves. The maximum level of DF in all experimental samples after 24 hours of cultivation was significantly higher than the control, and photosynthetic activity increased with increasing concentration of nanoparticles. In 48 hours the maximum activity was observed at concentration of nano iron 0,0125 mg/l, then decreased. It shows that with an intensive growth of a chlorella the potential of nutrient medium was quicker exhausted that led to decrease in intensity of photosynthetic processes
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Description
The article provides information about phytochemical investigation, medical and nutritional importance of fruits of Capparisherbacea L. including CapparaceaeJuss. family in the area of the Nakhchıvan Autonomous Republic. Some solvents had been applied, fruit and leave extracts had been bought. The purification and identification of content of plant extracts had been investigated with spectroscopic and chromotographic methods. The saponins, carotinoids, chlorophyll pigments and flavonoids had been revealed in the content of extracts. The extracts have been acquired from fruits of this species by use of polar and nonpolar solvents and the composition of extracts have been studied with different applied methods. The column and thin layer chromatography carried out in order to purification of contents and extracts were fractionation and Rf values were calculated
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VASILY NOSULCHAK - THE NEWEST COMPLEX-RESISTANT TABLE SEEDLESS WHITE GRAPE VARIETY
DescriptionVasily Nosulchak, the newest complex-resistant tableless seedless grape variety, was bred in Greece by Pantelei Zamanidi and Leonid Troshin in 2013 by crossing the Talisman variety with the Yanaky variety. The created variety is a complex inter-species Euro-American-Amur hybrid. The duration of the production period is 146-155 days. The growth of shoots is strong. The degree of grapevine maturing high. Yield is very high. Percentage of fruit-bearing shoots 90. Average weight of bunches 900 g. It is stainable for high winter hardiness, drought resistance and increased resistance to fungal diseases, tolerant to phylloxera. The top of the young shoot is green without pubescence. Young shoots are green, without pubescence. The flower is hermaphroditic. The cluster is large, conical, branching, winged, of medium density. The berry is medium-sized, short elliptical, green-yellow. Peel is thin, strong. The pulp is juicy, with a varietal flavor. The sugar content is high. Rudiments of seeds are soft. The variety is intended for fresh consumption and kishmish production. The table high-yielding seedless variety Vasiliy Nosulchak in terms of winter hardiness, resistance to diseases and pests significantly exceeds all Eurasian varieties of table and kishmish designation. Can be used as a table grapevine for fresh consumption on site and for export, as well as for the production of high-quality dried products. As a winter-hardy variety, it is very promising for cultivation in covered viticulture zones, where table varieties require shelter for the winter. It is of great interest for selection work in breeding frost-resistant, diseases and pests of seedless varieties. To determine the influence of different ecological conditions on the growth, development, quantity and quality of the crop, the variety must be tested on all continents in different ecological and geographical areas of cultivation - in the grapes producing countries of America, Eurasia, Australia, Africa
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VISUAL PHENOTYPING IN PLANT BREEDING
DescriptionThe article is devoted to visual analysis and its application in the selection process. New possibilities of application of visual display of information in the research process are considered. We have presented the examples of the use of visual phenotyping in breeding, evaluated the advantages and disadvantages in this area. In particular, the algorithm of the program of LHDetect for estimating leaf pubescence of wheat wafers is described, based on the analysis of digital images of the sheet bend. We have also considered Phenotiki platform that uses digital images of the profile of plants for visual phenotyping to assess plant growth. Based on the analysis of various studies it was noted that the application of visual analysis for some purposes is very effective, but for others, on the contrary, not effective. We highlight the actual problems of proper representation and converting information. The article shows the various causes of loss and distortion of data, as well as possible solutions to these problems. The work describes the application of ASK-analysis in the selection process. As an example, it describes the evaluation of the polymorphism of variety groups of grapes. We have presented interesting solutions and ways to minimize distortion and loss of information in the process of its transformation found by the authors of these works. The article reveals the concept of "computational biology" and describes fundamental differences from other areas as well as tasks, problems, possible research areas and promising directions of development of computer biology
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NEW ADVENTIVE WEED PLANT AMMANNIA COCCINEA Rottb. IN THE RICE FIELDS OF THE KRASNODAR REGION
DescriptionRice fields all over the world are one of the places of invasion of adventive weed species. They can reduce the yield of the rice crop by 20-30%. The phytomonitoring studies in the rice systems of the Krasnodar region in 2017 have discovered a new species of Ammannia coccinea Rottb. (Lythraceae) among the weed vegetation of the grain crops. The article gives a botanical description of the species; its biological and ecological features and ways of its distribution are discussed. Ammannia coccinea is an annual plant, light-loving and hygrophilous. The country of origin is North America. This is one of the most malicious weeds in California and the United States in general. In Asian and European countries, the plant is brought with rice seeds. Currently, in many rice-growing regions of the world, the species A. coccinea tends to spread and increase the severity of infestation. The species was registered in the Krasnodar region in the rice fields of the Abinskiy, Kalininskiy, Krasnoarmeiskiy and Slavyanskiy regions. The number of plants of A. coccinea does not exceed one plant per 10 m2, with the exception of three locations of invasion, where the density is up to 5-7 pcs/m2 and the plants occupy an area about 0.5 hectares. Considering the fact that in rich soils the height of the plant reaches 1 m, with the ramification of the stem, the plants go to the first tier. They successfully compete with rice plants, suppressing their growth and development. This can adversely affect crop yield. The article discusses the reasons for the appearance of A. coccinea in the rice fields of the Krasnodar region
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THE CURRENT STATE OF PIKES IN YAKUTIA WATERS
DescriptionPike inhabits almost all the rivers of the Yakutia system. It is more widespread in the lakes of YanoIndigirka and Kolyma lowlands. Objective: To provide a modern assessment of fish in the main model reservoirs, create an ecological prognosis and the possibility of their use in modern conditions. Methods. The material was collected in the conditions of anthropogenic pollution. Full general biological analysis was conducted for the fish. Cruise studies were conducted covering the northern territories - r. Anabar, Olenek, Lena, Yana, Indigirka, Kolyma and Chrome, as well as Vilyuy Dam, from 1969 to 2016. We used the standard ichthyologic methods of selection and processing of the collected material. Results. Because of climate warming, there were reported pike approaches in the lower reaches of the river Lena, Yana and Kolyma. Maximum dimensions were noted earlier in the lower reaches of the river Lena, where the maximum weight of pike was 18 kg. The fecundity of 16-211 thousand eggs. It was revealed, that the catch was better for young pike. Conclusions. Stocks of pike are in satisfactory condition, and its reserves are proposed to be increased, at the expense of unused areas (lakes Kolymo- Indigirka lowland) up to 220 m. It is proposed as a fish-breeding facility in Yakutia reservoirs
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Description
Professional apple gardening is bound to particular risks, of which is essential losses of a harvest because of diseases. An apple scab, the caused Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter, brings the greatest loss. The main approach in monitoring of a scab of an apple-tree is creation of grades, steady against pathogen. In the present work we have carried out phytopathology testing of generations of the seedlings received from the free pollination of six forms of a crab of Malus orientalis from a collection MOS VIR (Maykop) characterized by a relative resistance to the apple scab in 2-3 classes of damage by long-term data. For infection we used inoculum, consisting both of natural population of a scab, and of strains of pathogen of various cultivars and geographical origin. When carrying out padding infection increase in force of an infectious background that can be bound to selection of the plants of biotypes of a fungus that are most adapted for genotypes was noted. It is recommended for precise elimination of unstable plants at selection at early stages of an ontogenesis to carry out more than one serial infection during the season. By results of the phytopathological testing, we highlighted three Malus orientalis forms from the six studied No. 17982, 17985 and 3080 the most perspective stability genes for an introgressiya in a cultural gene pool of an apple tree