03.00.00 Biological sciences
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MODERN WAYS OF OIL-CONTAMINATED WASTE UTILIZATION FOR THE ELIMINATION OF POLLUTION
DescriptionThe article deals with the problem of eliminating environmental pollution by oil-contaminated waste. It's suggested modern ways of improving technologies for oily waste utilization. The comparative characteristic of the essence, advantages and disadvantages, effectiveness of ways of waste recycling is described. The basic utilization technologies of oil sludge of various origins are emphasized taking into account the aspects of their composition and properties. It's represented the results of a patent search in this area to ensure a high level of new developments. It's characterized the developed technologies for utilization and recycling of oily waste to produce environmentally products of utilization – organic and mineral additives which are suitable for use as secondary material resources
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STABILIZATION OF MRNA CEREALS IN VITRO UNDER THE SILICON INFLUENCE
DescriptionThe differential stability of mRNA is an important mechanism for posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Messenger RNA stability is controlled by specific genes and growth conditions. The review examines the theoretical possibility of mRNA stabilization in vivo as a consequence of replacing carbon atoms (C) or phosphorus (P), composed of nucleic acid on the silicon (Si) atom. During isolation of poly-(A)+mRNA from plant tissues by the two-cycle affinity chromatography on poly-(U)-Sepharose, regular changes in poly- (A)++mRNA yield were observed. The changes varied both with the plant genotype and growth conditions. Celite treatment of heated and unheated total RNA preparations from developing corn kernels and from green and etiolated wheat seedlings. Messenger RNA that differed in the length of poly- (A)-sequences was used for hybridization. It is evident that a reduction of poly-(A)-length causes alterations in spatial structure of mRNA, and associated proteins and cations Mg++ become accessible to celite absorption. Heating promotes melting of secondary structure, already initiated, and increases the efficiency of mRNA stabilization by celite. Interpreting the facts interact celite with mRNA in vitro and stabilization of mRNA in vivo by cycloheximide with a modern point of view can be considered with the position research of the phenomenon of RNA interference
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Description
The article deals with the problem of oil-contaminated waste utilization. It has suggested the ways of technological advancement taking into account the principles of BAT. The analysis of the legal framework for BAT in Russia and the EU is carried out. The features of the state regulation in the field of BAT and the main approaches to formation of a complex of measures for transition to principles of BAT are considered. It has described the innovative approach to the development of waste treatment technologies that are best and available from an environmental and economic point of view. It has identified limiting parameters affecting the efficiency of waste utilization and the suitability for use as secondary material resources, particularly in the construction industry
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Description
The work was done in the research laboratory of the department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Biophysics of Kuban State Agrarian University, the aim of which was to select the most appropriate nutrient medium for maximum growth of lactic acid microorganism growth. The object of the study was its own microflora of gastrointestinal tract of quails ‒ Lactobacillus agilis, Lactobacillus intermedius and Lactobacillus salivarius. As a nutrient substrate there were used 4 of the nutrient media: the medium for lactic acid bacteria (city Uglich), the melasse-autolysis medium, the glucose-peptone medium and the MRS. During the cultivation of the microflora of the variable parameters were the time and temperature of cultivation. During the cultivation of microflora the time and the temperature of growing were the variable parameters. In the process of growing there was carried out the analysis of dynamics of consumption of reducing substances and titers of microorganisms. According to the results of growing of microbial cultures there was revealed the active consumption of carbon substrate in used variants of nutrient media, and it was found that there was observed the maximum of cells to 24 h of cultivation. On the basis of carried out results of cultivation on different media and at different parameters there was determined that the most titer of cells was reached to 24 h at the temperature 38,0 °С on the melasse-autolysis medium. So, the melasse-autolysis medium can be recommended in production conditions as the cheaper substrate at the further development of biological preparations for poultry breeding
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FORMATION OF SOILS STUDY AND THEIR FERTILITY; A HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF SOIL CLASSIFICATION
DescriptionThe roots of scientific knowledge on soil go into antiquity and are connected with the development of land management. A human had knowledge about soil as a friable layer of Earth, which was a subject o land management treatment until the time there were occurred the problems of shortage of arable lands, hunger and decrease of fertility, which caused the necessity of obtaining of more produce with less arable lands. The development of soil science was required for solving of these practical tasks. In postwar period there were carried out the large researches in the field of plant nutrition and application of fertilizers. For this period the active study of organic properties of soil occurred. The Dokuchaev’s study on genetic types of soil was the tuning point in the development of problems of soil classification. The further development of problems of soil classification were made on the basis of set genetic positions, thus the various approaches lighting the different parties of a classification problem took place. The soil fertility in force of its important functions for a long time is not only as an agronomic category but also as a social, economic, philosophic, and at the last time – ecological one. The modern understanding of function of fertility is reached with the help of mathematical modeling. First, it is necessary clearly to present the aggregate factors of fertility and their interaction between them and external factors
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RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN LUTEOLIN-7- GLYCOSIDE VERONICA INCANA (SCROPHULARIACEAE) IN CENTRAL YAKUTIA
DescriptionThe article reveals luteolin-7-glucoside accumulation in the overground part of Veronica incana L. It assesses resource potential of V. incana depending on the phytocenotic conditions of coenopopulations growing in Central Yakutia. Collection of the material was carried out during V. incana flowering in 7 coenopopulations and in the collection of the Yakut Botanical Garden. Analysis of flavonoids content was performed by HPLC method. The high levels of flavonoids content in the biomass of generative plants marked in coenopopulations that are in optimal conditions, and the lowest - in coenopopulations experiencing strong anthropogenic influence. In addition, one of the factors reducing the content of flavonoids in plants is low light intensity in habitat. The highest resource potential on the luteolin-7- glucoside observed in biomass V. incana, growing in fescue grassland steppe and culture
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THE CONCEPT OF THE «RNA WORLD»: THEORY AND PRACTICE
DescriptionThe review examines research unusual properties of RNA. RNA has the ability to act as both genes and enzymes (ribozymes). This property could offer a way around the «chicken-and-egg» problem: genes require enzymes; enzymes require genes. Furthermore, RNA can be transcribed into DNA, in reverse of the normal process of transcription. These facts are reasons to consider that the RNA world could be the original pathway to cells. The general notion of an «RNA World» is that, in the early development of life on the Earth, genetic continuity was assured by the replication of RNA and genetically encoded proteins were not involved as catalysts. There is now strong evidence indicating that an RNA World did indeed exist before DNAand protein-based life. RNA has multiple functions. Among these, "messenger RNA" carries genetic information from DNA to protein formation. RNA is often a single-stranded spiral, but also exists in double-stranded form. In 1998, Craig Mello and Andrew Fire discovered through their studies of the roundworm C. elegans a phenomenon dubbed "RNA interference". In this phenomenon, double-stranded RNA blocks messenger RNA so that certain genetic information is not converted during protein formation. This "silences" these genes, i.e. renders them inactive. The phenomenon plays an important regulatory role within a genome. Recent years have been perhaps the most fruitful period yet in terms of research in the area of mRNA stability (Phenomena: Gene Silencing; RNA interference; Identity of mRNA decay in vivo and in vitro). The elaboration of new methods in biothechnology have been presented
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Description
The work presents the results of studies on the influence of the foliar spraying of white grapes of the technical sort of ‘Chardonnay’ with new water-soluble fertilizers: Nutrivant plus vinograd, Kelik potassiumsilicon, Atlanta plus and microelements in chelated form - Kelkat boron, Kelkat manganese and Kelkat zinc, on its agro biological and technological indicators. The field experiment was performed in the AF Close Joint-Stock company "Primorsk" in Temryuk District. The diagram of the experiment consisted of five options: without treatment (control); Nutrivant plus vinograd - 1 kg / ha; Kelik potassium silicon - 3 kg / ha; Atlanta plus - 2 kg / ha; a set of microelements - Kelkat boron, manganese and Kelkat Kelkat zinc 660 g / ha each. It was established that the foliar spraying with these fertilizers contributes to a more intensive accumulation of sugar in the juice of berries and to the acceleration of the harvest ageing. Furthermore, the productiveness of shoots has been increased, as it is shown in a greater number of inflorescences, and sometimes, the average bunch weight increases. All this contributes to a significant increase in a yield from a bush and to a crop yield. The highest content of chlorophyll (a + b), carotinoid and the amount of pigment were observed in cases of "Atlant plus" and "Kelik potassium-silicon," where the highest sugar was contained in the berries. Foliar spraying of grapes with the complex of microelements and also Nutrivant plus and Atlanta plus contributed to the improving of the quality of wine, as evidenced by the data of the tasting degustation. The highest mark was provided by the foliar spraying of bushes using the complex of microelements
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Description
Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed crops, which are of great economic importance in Russia and in the world. It is very adaptive crop in terms of climatic conditions range, for that reason it is cultivated on a vast territory of the Russian Federation in various weather conditions. Sunflower oil has high nutritional and taste qualities, it is used numerously in food and is applied in various fields of food industry. The biologically active linoleic acid, phosphatides and fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K, which are of great nutritional value to humans, are contained in the oil. According to its calorific capacity, sunflower oil is on the first place among vegetable oils. Due to biological characteristics of sunflower, the Krasnodar region is the most favorable region of the Russian Federation for obtaining high and stable yields of this crop. However, here the drought is observed during the summer period and it affects adversely the productivity and quality of sunflower seeds. The increasing of resistance to unfavorable weather conditions is possible only based on detailed study of physiological features of productivity formation and seeds quality that is highly important task in view of the current geopolitical situation in Russia. One way of solving this issue is the appliance of the growth regulators, possessing anti-stress activity that improve the quality of sowing seeds and increase the productivity and plant resistance to stressful environmental factors. These drugs include growth regulator called Furolan, which was created in KubGTU and is certified for use in Russia. It is not toxic and is used in nano-dozes, there is no its residual quantities in the products and environment. Furolan has a positive effect on physiological and biochemical processes, improves the productivity of plants, their resistance to unfavorable growing conditions by increasing the resistance to dehydration as well as to the risk of fungal diseases
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Description
In the course of the work, 33 ISSR markers were evaluated for efficacy in the detection of genetic changes in regenerants of Galanthus woronowii Losinsk.. Ten markers were found suitable for genotyping according to the species under study. Five samples from the selected ten were analyzed for a sample of 20 plants of regenerants and a mother plant. The obtained data testify to genetic stability of plant material in the process of microclonal propagation