03.00.00 Biological sciences
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"RARE PUMPKIN" IN STAMPS – THE HISTORY OF PLANTS, DISTRIBUTION AND ICONOGRAPHY
DescriptionIn the article we consider illustrative images of rare pumpkin cultures presented in stamps of different countries. In this work, we analyze stamps which represent rare pumpkin cultures. Stamps are reflection of the economy; they portray agriculture and elements of technology of agricultural production. Cucurbitaceae family includes a large number of species that are very different from each other in the form of fruits, in purpose, in origin. The objective of our study was to conduct a visual analysis of rare pumpkin crops, which are used in the world; to reflect the research progress on the introduction and the achievement of breeding work. The article provides an analysis of several cultures: momordika (Momordica charantia L.), Kiva (Kiwano), horned melon, cucumber Antilles, (Cucumis metuliferus L.); Akantositsios Naudin (Acanthosicyos naudinianus L.); momordica balsamina (Momordica Balsamina L.); koktsiniya (Coccinia sessifolia L.); luffa cylindrical (Luffa cylindrica L.); Lagenaria (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.); cucumber snake (Trichosanthes anguina L.); antilles cucumber, anguria (Cucumis anguria L.); african cucumber (Cucumis africanus Lindl); wax gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb) Cogn..); chayota or mexican cucumber (Sechium edule Swartz). The analysis of the iconography of images of rare pumpkin crops in stamps of different countries allowed us to see the history of culture introduction of wild pumpkin from the local and foreign flora
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SPECIFICITY OF TRILON B INFLUENCE ON THE GERMINATION OF SEEDS OF VARIETIES OF WINTER BARLEY
DescriptionThe problem of increasing resistance of winter barley to adverse conditions of winter is the most problem in the selection area of this crop. The main component of this complex trait is the frost resistance. Laboratory methods of assessment of frost resistance are important for breeding of winter barley. These methods can effectively replace more costly method of direct freezing in the freezers. Magnesium cations (Mg++) are essential components of the protein-synthesizing system of germinating seeds. Magnesium cations determine the stability and translational activity of mRNA and rRNA. Trilon B is usually used for in vitro banding of magnesium cations in area of biochemistry of the nucleic acids. It was very interesting to verify the Trilon B influence to seed germination of winter barley varieties by experiment. Experiments showed: actinomycin D – the inhibitor of RNA synthesis – didn’t show varieties specific effect to seed growth of winter barley, while Trilon B had a varieties specific impact to length coleoptiles and roots. Research was carried out on etiolated seedlings at temperatures from 22 to 28oC, and different concentrations of Trilon B - 1,6×10-3М, 2,4×10-3М and 3,2×10-3М. The roots of 3-days old seedlings were more sensitive to Trilon B influence. It is shown the varieties of Russian origin were naturally reacted to Trilon B: the higher the frost resistance of variety, the more resistant variety to the action of various concentrations of Trilon B at different temperatures. The most optimum concentration was 3,2 × 10-3М at 22-25oC. Varieties by foreign origin deviated from this pattern. It is interesting to research the genetic essence of these differences. It will be helpful for optimization of varieties differentiation conditions to create a laboratory method of estimate of frost resistance of winter barley. The new method will be most efficient compared the direct freezing method
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INTRODUCTION OF IRIDACEAE IN CENTRAL YAKUTIA
DescriptionThe results of introduction test of species and cultivars variety of irises in the Central Yakutia are described in this article. Climatic conditions of the introduction region are extreme and they are strong restrictive factor at introduction to the culture of many other species and cultivar of decorative plants. The condition of plants after rewintering was estimated on a 4-mark scale. Total number of the plants which were lost in the first winter (0 points) is 126 species and cultivars that is 60,9%. For 01.06.2015 year a collection of irises in Yakutia makes 40 exemplar of species (22 species) and 31 exemplar of cultivars (30 cultivars), 7 species of them are successfully adapted (3 points) (Iris biglumis Vahl., I. bloudowii Ledeb., I. potaninii Maxim., I. scariosa Willd., I. setosa Pallas ex Link., I. tigridia Bunge, Pardanthopsis dichotoma (Pallas) Lenz). The listed species annually plentifully blossom, form seeds and intensive form escapes. Four species Iris biglumis, I. scariosa, I. bloudowii, Pardanthopsis dichotoma are form stable self-seedling
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Description
Along with traditional ways, the biotechnological methods become more significant in contribution to plant conservation in situ. The work is dedicated to elaboration and advancement of the method of isolated tissues and organs culture for conservation and reproduction of the badan, Bergenia crassifolia L., the rare species of Saxifrgaceae family. The conducted study yielded the regenerated plants of B. crassifolia from seeds. For the first time, we have performed conservation and reproduction of B. crassifolia in vitro under conditions of Yakutia
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Description
The article presents monitoring of the course and the beginning of new invasions due to the intensification of these processes in the basin of the Azov Sea of; investigation of the influence of the alien species upon the acceptor ecosystem. Methods. The material was collected at the monitoring transect in the Don River delta and in the surveys of the r/v “Professor Panov” in the Taganrog Bay, Sea of Azov. Standard hydrobiological methods of the data collection were used. Results. Penetration of three polychaete species was recorded; course of invasion of two of them was traced. Impact upon the acceptor ecosystem was researched. Preliminary species identifications using morphological characters were carried out; sources and the ways of the invasions are suggested. Conclusions. Estuary zone of the Sea of Azov (the Taganrog Bay) has a high invasion capacity. Of the three species penetrated into the Sea of Azov basin in 2013-2015, one (Aracia sp.) naturalized successfully, though didn’t affect much the ecosystem. On the contrary, polychaetes of the genus Marenzelleria are increasing rapidly their area; in two years, they became dominant along the considerable part of the water body. The invasion of Streblospio sp. is at its very beginning at the time
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COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE CLONE OF STOCK М9ЕМLA AVERAGEGROWING APPLE-TREE
DescriptionIn FSBRI «North-Caucasus zonal scientific-research institute of horticulture and viticulture» (Krasnodar) there was carried out the comparative economicbiological study of the average-height apple-tree stock М9ЕМLA in comparison with initial weakgrowing stock М9 in manifold, nursery and garden. Manifold bushes of the clone M9ЕMLA is quite worse in force than the stock М9 and were less branchy. Output of standard per hectare of manifold at the clone M9ЕMLA was on 35,5 thousand units more, and а standard condition of cuttings - on 13,2 % higher, than at the stock М9. Cuttings of the clone were less spiked and better rooted. In the first field of nursery, the plants of the clone had a vertical growth of the central conductor, slightly weaved and were more suitable to inoculation. The output of standard plants, in the variant with the use of clone M9ЕMLA by the variety Champion, in average for 2006-2010 was on 3112 units/hа, and on the variety Prikubanskoye – correspondently on 2470 units/hа higher than grafted on the stock М9. The cost price of 1000 seedlings on the clone M9ЕMLA was on 1962 rubles less than on the stock М9, and the standard of profitability of seedling growing, on the contrary was on 14-19 % higher. In the garden the trees on the clone M9ЕMLA were worse in growth of trees grafted on М9: on volume of the crone on 0,4-0,6 m3 , in diameter of the stem on 9-12 mm, in dependence on the variety, independently on the fact that some trees on clone were more weaker than grafted on the stock М9, their productivity for 2011-2015 was higher as from one tree as from the unit of area. The intensity of fruiting expressed in yield in kilos from a tree on the unit of volume of the top of a tree on the clone M9ЕMLA was on 33-39% higher than at the trees on the stock М9
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CATALOGING IMAGES OF DANDELION (TARAXACUM OFFICINALE WIGG.) WITH FASCIATION
DescriptionThe phenomenon of fasciation on the example of a higher plant called “Taraxacum officinale Wigg” has been considered. The effect of fasciation on the various particularities of plants has been shown. There are numerous examples of the different fasciation types of present plant’s type which are growing in different ecological areas. We have demonstrated that the phenomenon of fasciation exists in natural populations and in areas with development pressures, and it may occur after mechanical damage to plants of Taraxacum officinale. In most cases, fasciation is regarded as an exceptional phenomenon. A number of authors have distinguished fasciation to non-inheritable and inheritable. The first is the influence of external factors such as insect damage, injury, weather conditions. The second is caused by internal reasons. The number of regularities was installed that the reproductive bodies of plants are more often fascinated, and thermophilic forms are more likely to have fasciation. Photographic images of various types of fasciation, patterns and diagrams are given. Fasciation can be considered as a marker because of the connection of this phenomenon with the violation of the ecological situation. Plants with morphoses including ones with fasciation of individual organs, can act as indicators of pollution of the natural environment. Thus, the phenomenon of fasciation affects many areas of science, such as ecology, morphogenesis, genetic monitoring. The possibility of studying the phenomenon of fasciation on a model object of dandelion is shown. As a methodical approach to the study of this phenomenon, it is proposed to create a database of images, in this way it would be cataloging the image
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Description
Two granular formulations of phosphorus biofertilizers combining rock phosphate and two highly active phosphate solubilizing strains: Acinetobacter species 305 and Pseudomonas species 181а have been investigated. Granules of about 3 mm in size were obtained by contact-convective drying of a mixture of ground ore, concentrated biomass of two different strains, starch and glucose. Micro granules with size of 0.1- 0.5 mm were obtained by spray drying the biomass of two different strains and application of dried cells on the particles of the ground ore. Starch was used as a binder. In the model liquid medium it was shown that the microorganisms have retained the ability to solubilize mineral phosphates in granular formulations prepared. In laboratory pot trial on marigold (Tagetes patula) it was demonstrated that both formulations of biofertilizer increased the dry weight of the plants to the same level as that of chemical fertilizer - double superphosphate, but were inferior in the concentration of phosphorus in plants. Both formulations exceeded the effectiveness of rock phosphate and biomass used as biofertilizers both separately and jointly. No significant differences were noted between the two strains and the two granular formulations both for plant dry weight, and the content of phosphorus therein. Both granular formulations of biofertilizer retained their structure and avoided aggregating over a year of storage at 4 oC. The average persistence of living cells in the microbeads was about 1.5%, in granules - 32 %
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Description
The purpose of examining the roadside agrocenosis in the Aksai district of the Rostov region was a comparative assessment of the ecological condition of ordinary black soil and agricultural products grown in the technologically transformed conditions. The evaluation of agro-forestry factor impact on refraining toxic substances from the techno-genesis road source was also of interest. The study was expected to determine the actual and potential content of copper, zinc and lead in the ordinary black earth, as well as to evaluate the accumulation level of the investigated elements in the winter wheat grain. The potential reserve of investigated elements in ordinary chernozem (or black soil) is several times higher than the potency of the current content. Distribution of the results of the actual and potential reserve determination demonstrated the transfer of gas-dust emissions beyond the forest belt where the production crops are grown. At the remoteness point of 10 meters away from the road beyond the forest belt minimal amounts of actual and potential element content were found. At a distance of 50 - 100 m there was found a significant excess content of copper, zinc and lead. Repeated studies conducted 20 years later, identified the lead content in winter wheat grain exceeding the MPC. The results obtained have demonstrated the lack of agro-forestry effect in refraining gas and dust emissions by the road forest belt
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ASESSMENT OF STREET PLANTINGS ON THE EXAMPLE OF SOCHI CENTRAL REGION
DescriptionThe article deals with the topical issues of ornamental woody plants used in street landscaping of Sochi Central district. It presents the quantitative composition of these species, numbering 12181 specimens. With the scale, modified for the regional conditions, we carried out an analysis of the studied plantations and their state, which revealed that weakened plants were predominant - 72.48%. Healthy plants make up over 20%. The lowest number of the specimen was recorded among the dead plants (0,26%). The analysis was carried out for all species according to the state categories. For instance, structure-forming species selected for further studies, were analyzed this way, including a large part of plants that belong to the second category of state (89,04%). Healthy plants are less than 8% from the total number of dominant species. The number of dead plants makes up 0,35%