06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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CONTENT OF ELEMENTS OF FEED IN PLANTS OF WINTER WHEAT AT REMINERALIZATION OF BLACK LEACHED SOIL
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article shows the ninth year of research on the remineralization of leached chernozem. In the plants of winter wheat, the content of macro and micronutrients of nutrition under remineralization of leached chernozem was investigated. It is established that when introducing rocks, the content of food elements in plants rises
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NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF GRAPES OF TECHNICAL GRADES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionWe have presented opportunities to improve the nutritional value of wine production: improvement of biogenetic soil, using organic fertilizers. The nutritional value is ensured by not only high-quality biochemical diversity of berries, but also the safety of products that do not contain toxic inclusions. Bio-fertilizer stimulates the biotransformation of toxic soil residues to replenish soil nutrients for the plant, providing grape raw material with biologically active substances and improves the nutritional value of wine products. Food safety of grapes is ensured by reducing it residues of hazardous chemicals migrating from the soil into the plant and the grapes. It has been established, that after 3 years of application of biofertilizers we significantly improved food safety and quality in the biochemical parameters, especially important for the classic wine grape varieties. The soil content of toxic residues in grape raw material is reduced to 50%, the amount of organic acids increases by: 4,22 mg/dm3(Gallic, coffee acid, chlorogenic; 0.7 g/cm3 amber; of 1.33 mg/dm3 ascorbic; 0.25 mg/dm3 nicotinic
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PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY OF PEA BY USING MICRO-FERTILIZERS AND GROWTH REGULATORS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe use of resource-saving technologies for cultivation of basic crops does not make sense without the use of microelement fertilizers, biologics and growth regulators. All this fully applies to the technology of cultivation of the main bean culture – pea. In the current market conditions of agrochemical products, microfertilizers are presented in a wide range. Identifying the most effective of them at a price and yield increase is a defining task for agricultural producers. In this connection, the purpose of the research was to study the influence of biologics and growth regulators on the development and productivity of peas with the definition of their most effective them. The studies were conducted in 2014-2016 on the fields of the training and demonstration center on the introduction of resource-saving technologies of the IPCC APK VO "DGAU" in Zernograd, Rostov Region. As the studied drugs there were used Rizotorfin, Extrasol, Vigor Fort, Miwal Agro, Flavobacterin, Biogumat Kubansky, KU-8 Agrofon. As a result of the research, it was established that all the preparations studied showed a positive effect on the development of pea plants grade Angela. The yield gain was 0,34-0,56 t/ha in comparison with the control. The most effective are the following ones: Extrasol with a yield increase of 0,56 t / ha (14,6%) and a profitability level of 232%, Mival Agro – 0,54 t/ha (14,1%) and a profitability level of 192%, Biohumat Kuban – 0,55 t/ha (14,3%) and the level of profitability of 271%. A good level of profitability was noted at KU-8 Agrofon – 224%
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OENOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF MERLOT VARIETY AND ITS CLONES IN DIFFERENT ZONES OF GROWTH
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents results of studying the oenology and the biochemistry of the Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes in different areas of the Krasnodar region - Taman, Anapa, Abrau-Dyurso, Gelendzhik and Krasnodar. The yields, the mechanical composition of the grapes, the biochemical indicators of the juice of berries were compared. The cultivation zone affects the yield, the average mass of the bunch, the number and mass of berries in the bunch, the mass of the crest, but according to the percentage of berries and crest in the bunch, the bunch structure (ratio of mass of berries to mass of the ridge) does not significantly differ between growing zones. The mass of 100 berries and 100 seeds, the weight of seeds in 100 berries, the clustering index (the ratio of pulp with juice to peel) can differ in different places of growth, but with insignificant coefficients of variation. The composition of the bunch as a percentage of the total mass varies little over the growing zones: the ridges make up 5.6- 5.7%, the skin 4.9-5.2%, the seeds 4.8-4.9%, the pulp with the juice - 84.3-84.5%. Structural and berry indicators varied in the range of 5.4-5.5 and 76.84, respectively. Depending on the place of cultivation, the yield of the grape must in laboratory conditions was 75.1-75.7%. Analysis of the structure, composition and the structure of bunches showed that the mechanical composition of Cabernet-Sauvignon refers to the first group of varieties that retain their valuable characteristics when changing the growing conditions. When harvesting, the mass concentration of sugars was 19-19.8%, titrated acidity - 8.1-9.2 g / dm3, pH - 3.3- 3.4. Depending on the place of cultivation of the content of organic acids in the juice of berries was: wine - 4917-5918 mg / dm3, apple - 1926-2763, lemon - 215-416 mg / dm3. In different places of cultivation in% of the total amount of organic acids studied, the content of tartaric acid varied from 61.7 to 71.4%, apple - from 24.7 to 33.3%, lemon - from 3 to 5%. Thus, the content of organic acids in the juice of Cabernet-Sauvignon berries depends on the specific growing conditions. Depending on the growing places, the mass concentration of potassium cations is 2630-3508 mg / dm3, sodium 162-436, magnesium 171-230, calcium 185-255 mg / dm3. However, in most cases, as a percentage of the total cation content, there are no differences depending on the site of growth. Thus, the biochemical parameters of the juice of CabernetSauvignon berries depend on the specific natural conditions of the terrain and, according to these parameters, the variety belongs to the second group of varieties with less plasticity to different growing conditions
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THE EFFECT OF DRIP IRRIGATION ON SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTY CHANGE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionSoil profiles were made in intensive apple orchard in the agricultural enterprises in Lipetsk and Tambov regions in 2015. Drip irrigation in year rates of 500-550 m3 was carried out since 2010. During the research we determined the soil density, the solid phase density, aggregate composition, particle size distribution, the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen and humus by conventional methods. As a result of drip irrigation can increase dust-like fraction in dark gray forest soil, whereas in chernozems this index did not change significantly. In the black earth soil was noted the process of increasing the proportion of mud fraction due to mineral part chernozem destruction. In both soil types was increased sand content. It was found that drip irrigation improves some of the soil water-physical properties, such as a soil structure coefficient and the content of agronomical valuable aggregates in a layer of 20-40 cm. There was also noted that with increasing soil depth was reduced humus and hydrolyzable nitrogen content. In aggregate analysis, it was found that dark-gray forest soil the amount of water-stable aggregates increased, while meadow chernozem leached soil decreased. Data of the aggregate analysis revealed that in the dark-gray forest soil the amount of water-stable aggregates increased as a result of drip irrigation, while in meadow chernozem leached soil decreased. It recommends by drip irrigation application permanent monitoring of the soil humus content
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WOOL PRODUCTIVITY OF MERINO SHEEP OF IMPROVED GENOTYPES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article deals with the issue of improving the profitability of sheep breeding by using improved mutant genotypes in the breeding system. The results of studies of the main indicators of economic-useful traits are given, the dynamics of growth, level and quality of wool productivity of sheep of improved genotypes obtained on the basis of such breeds as Soviet merino and Stavropolskaya, as well as firstgeneration daughters cultivated in themselves are estimated. It was found that at birth, the live weight in the groups of the 3 group (the breeding of half-blooded hybrids "in oneself") was higher than that of the females from the 1 and 2 groups, respectively, by 0.50 kg, or 13.1%, and by 0.20 kg or 5.2% (P> 0.95). At a more senior age, the young, having a large live mass at birth, retained its rank position. The highest indicator of the cutting of physical wool was observed in animals of the 2 group, obtained as a result of the use of sheepproducers of Stavropolskaya breed on sheep of the Soviet merino. The parameters of the 1 and 3 group were lower by 0.6 kg - 12.3% and 0.17 kg - 3.5% (P> 0.95), respectively. The conclusion is made that the use of sheep-producers of the Stavropolskaya breed on the uterus of the Soviet merinos breed had a positive effect on the wool productivity and the live weight of the hybrid offspring. Further breeding of half-blooded hybrids “in oneself” showed the possibility of reproducing improved genotypes without losing the acquired qualities
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the various elements of the cultivation technology of winter wheat called Antonina with the application of different soil fertility backgrounds, fertilizer norms, and plant protection systems against weeds, pests and diseases. Investigations are carried out in a multivariate stationary experiment: factor ‘A’- soil fertility; factor ‘B’ - fertilizer system; factor ‘C’ - the system of plants protection; factor ‘D’ - the main methods of soil tillage. Four models of soil fertility levels were studied in the experiment: А0 - initial (natural background); А1 - medium (200 kg / ha Р2О5 and 200 t / ha of solid manure); А2 - high (double dose); at А3 - high (tripled) on three backgrounds of basic soil tillage: nonmoldboard, recommended, moldboard with deep bursting and without the application of tillage (direct seeding and the natural rate of soil fertility). The soil is heavy leached black humus with humus content in the arable layer of 2.5% - 2.9%. Based on examined researches it was found that for the sustainable yield of winter wheat the dose of mineral fertilizers should be increased, by that, the high quality of the grain is provided
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THE QUALITY OF THE MUSCULAR TISSUE OF YOUNG GEESE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the materials of research on studying of influence of various levels of crude fat in the complete feed (CF) for the young geese of Lindovskaya breed on chemical composition and organoleptic quality of goose meat. In the experimental groups we increased the concentration of crude fat in the start and finish of the CF to 7.4 % and 6,85 %, respectively. As the lipid supplement, we used sunflower oil. It is established that muscle tissue of geese, consuming finishing CF with sunflower oil, has a more pronounced taste, odour, tenderness and juiciness. We may highlight the tendency to increase the proportion of monounsaturated oleic acid, in the background of the decrease of specific weight of palmitic acid in the fat muscle 60 day goslings who received the start and finish of CFs with the addition of sunflower oil
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionFor the research period (2003-2016), 57 pest species and 46 pathogens were recorded on stone and pomaceous fruits in humid Russian subtropics, among which the representatives of the order Lepidoptera and the division Ascomycota predominate. The greatest number of the species was recorded on the apple tree - 35 pests and 25 pathogens, the smallest - on cherry and sweet cherry trees (13 and 10, respectively). 43,7 per cent of the species are polyphages, while the relative abundance of monophages among fungi is higher than among arthropods. The species with activity in the summer are prevalent. A group of species that are harmful in humid subtropical environments all year round (11 species of phytophages and 19 pathogens) was identified. Analyzing the changes in the species composition of the complex through the time, we can speak about the relative stability of the dominant species. The group of the typical dominant species of pests for almost a century has included Grapholita molesta Busck., G. funebrana Tr., Cydia pomonella L., Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul., Stigmina carpophila (Lév.) M.B. Ellis, Monilinia laxa (Aderh. et Ruhland) Honey, M. fructigena Honey, Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E.S. Salmon, Venturia carpophila E.E. Fisher and pear V. pyrina Aderh. Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm., Scolytus mali Bechst. and Tranzschelia prunispinosae (Pers.) Dietel are currently dropped out from the group of the dominants; Halyomorpha halys Stål, which is a new pest for Russia, was added. Groups of the species with sharp fluctuations in abundance or frequently encountered were distinguished
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe contents of lead in soils are primarily determined by regional factors: the composition of parent rocks, relief, climate, vegetation. In recent years, these factors have increased the anthropogenic source of element. In order to assess its impact, requires knowledge of the natural, i.e., background lead levels, the so-called reference points, which can later be used to monitor changes occurring in the soil. Under background refers to the content of the element in soils at a great distance from the areas of receipt of contamination. Background content of lead in each type of soil depends mainly on composition of parent rocks. The correlation coefficient between the content of lead in parent rocks and soils, with the background contents is equal to 0,86±0,17 at p=0,95. For each soil type there are low variations in lead content due to the composition of parent rocks. Lead concentrations in the soils increased at the expense of its receipt from the atmosphere, irrigation water, drainage during mining, as a result of agricultural use, lead containing chemicals. Comparing the obtained results with existing currently permissible concentrations (APC, MPC) it is necessary to note that the lead content in leached chernozem soil after three rotations of the rotation may not cause any pathological changes or anomalies in the course of biological processes and lead to accumulation in the agricultural plants, and therefore may interfere with biological optimum