06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
-
BIOENERGETICS ESTIMATION OF LONGTIME FERTILIZERS’ APPLICATION IN THE CROP ROTATION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe influence of the crop rotation type, predecessor and different doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat varieties was investigated and bioenergetics estimation was given. Investigations were carried out in the North-Kuban Agricultural Experiment Station in two ten field crop rotation: grain tillage and grain - grass tillage rotation of prolonged stationary experience. The soil is the black soil, low in humus, powerful, with humus content (0-30sm), depending on the power of nutrition backgrounds in the arable soil layer. It was found that the selection of predecessors and the differentiated application of mineral fertilizers ensure stable high yields of grain and they exceed the varieties without fertilizers by 40-79%. Winter wheat yield depends on the crop rotation of 8-15%; from its predecessor - 15-18% and 27-31% of the fertilizer. A strong correlation between yield and agronomic methods was determined. The most effective predecessor for the wheat cultivation by the turnover of furrow slice is sainfoin, peas and wheat. More labor intensive and energy-consuming predecessors are grain maize and sugar beet
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe trials were conducted in 2013-2015. Research objects: apple trees cv. Zhigulevskoye/62-396, year of planting – 2007, at 4,5x1m. Place of research – experimental orchard of ”I.V. Michurin Federal scientific centre " in Tambov region. The goal of research: to study the effect of fertigation and foliar nutrition in an intensive apple orchard. During the research there were done yield records, was determined the content of nutrients in leaves and soil. In the soil there was also determined humus content and acidity, fruits were analyzed on vitamin C, saccharides and organic acids contents. Nitrogen in leaves and soil was determined by Kjeldahl method, phosphorus by photocalorimeter KFK-3, potassium and calcium by flame photometer Jenway PFP-7. We have established the optimal average application rate for fertigation in conditions of the Central Chernozem zone of Russia, which could be used to calculate specific application rates with data of soil-leaf diagnostics. In our research, it is shown that the use of this application rate had no significant negative impact on the studied parameters of soil. It is shown that the biochemical composition of fruits is largely determined by weather conditions of the year of vegetation and foliar nutrition. Maximum efficiency of measures for mineral supply optimizing is achieved only with the good combination of fertigation and foliar nutrition
-
THE PATH FOR IMPORT- SUBSTITUTION OF THE USE OF FOREIGN BREED PIGS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe extensive path for development in the country in the twentieth century caused low competitiveness of Russian pig production. The productivity of domestic pig production was significantly lower than in Europe, US, Canada and China. Feed costs per 1 kg of gain were 2-3 times higher with a low yield of piglets from a sow per year: 14-16 with an average European 25-27 heads. The country did not have enough meat; as a result, a significant amount of meat products was imported to Russia. Restrictions on imports in connection to the imposition of embargoes contributed to the increase in demand for domestic products and opened new opportunities for Russian producers. One way to increase the production of pork is to use pigs with a high genetic potential for productivity, imported for breeding from Canada and Europe. Based on the conducted studies, it has been established that pigs of foreign breeding have high reproductive qualities, which proves the expediency of their application in commercial pig production to increase the efficiency of the industry development and reduce the import of pedigree youngsters from abroad. The implementation of two breed gilts will help increase productivity in the industrial pig production
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article reviews the results of studying the influence of mineral fertilizers on the qualitative indices of the Merlot grape variety in the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region. The technology of cultivation of grapes on the experimental plot was in accordance with the accepted for the given zone and culture. Agrobiological work was carried out at the optimal time and had a high quality of execution. Grape bushes are laid in a 3.0 x 2.0 m pattern. Formation - a twoshoulder horizontal cordon. On the bushes we formed the same load of shoots and bunches. Scheme of the experiment: option 1 – no fertilizers (control); option 2-superphosphate with a mixture of potassium salt (P90K90) from the autumn; option 3 –nitroammofoska (N120P120K120) from autumn; option 4 – ammonium nitrate (N60) in early spring. Analysis of the results of studies on the study of biological features of growth, fruiting, yield and quality of Merlot grape varieties on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers shows their high efficiency in the conditions of the AnapoTamanskaya zone of the Krasnodar region and can be recommended for use in production conditions. Mineral fertilizers ensures the receipt of dry bulk wine of superior quality control sample (without fertilizers) the concentration of tartaric acid 17.3 25.1 percent, phenolic compounds 17.1 – 40.0 %, and alcohol content of 7.2 and 9.3 %, titratable acids 11.8 and 13.7 %, given extract by 17.4 %, with a decrease of the mass concentration of total sulfur dioxide and pH. The most effective is the introduction of NPK (N120P120K120)
-
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF DELICACIES FROM MEAT OF IMPORTED PIGS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn recent years, many pigs of specialized breeds, characterized by increased meat qualities, have been brought to Russia from Canada and a number of European countries. The article presents the results of the assessment of slaughter and meat qualities of pigs of different genotypes. Danish pig meat was used as research objects: purebred landrace (CHL), benthic hybrid Landrasx yorkshire (LxY), three-breed hybrid landrace hyorkshire x dyurok (LxXxD), removed from control fattening, and developed prototypes of delicacy products. The commission evaluation of meat and broth showed that the boiled meat from the three breed animals received the highest score, and the quality of the broth significantly exceeded the samples of purebred landrace and two-breed animals. As a result of the tasting evaluation of the Voronezh ham, it was established that the samples of meat from threebreeded pigs, in comparison with the samples from purebred meat, show the most pronounced flavor, aroma and soft consistency
-
ROLE OF ALIMENTARY FIBERS IN TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF THE OBESITY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionExcess body weight is a serious problem, involving a set of diseases presently. For this reason, taking into account demands of science there was a development of production of food with the lowered energy value for the people having first of all obesity that led to production of substitutes. Even more often producers resort to use of nutritional supplements, which generally receive in synthetic way. In this article, we analyzed multiple references and summarized the material regarding beet fibers. As a result of numerous researches it has been proved that food fibers make favorable impact both on the separate systems of a human body, and on all organism. The use of the minor products of processing of the plant raw material is also critical; they allow improving the preventive properties of products and enriching them with dietary fibers, protein, and mineral elements and also development of food development of curative and preventive action. Citri-Fi food fibers which are received from dried-up orange pulp are well-known, they can keep a large amount of water throughout technological process. They exert positive impact on structure of fat that gives the chance to create a product with the lowered content of fat
-
SOME ASPECTS OF INTRODUCING IN VITRO OF NEW CLONAL ROOTSTOCKS FOR STONE FRUIT CROPS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the study of the effect of the size of the explant clonal rootstocks for stone fruit crops of the Krymskaya OSS VIR VSL-1, VSL-2, LC-52, RVL-1, RVL-7, VVA-1, AP-1 injected in vitro and concentration vitamins and phytohormones in a nutrient medium on the efficiency of introducing in vitro of these rootstocks. The optimal size of the injected in vitro explant was determined and nutrient medium in the first stage of micropropagation was optimized. The optimal size of the dissected meristem, which provides the maximum percentage of explant initiation is 0.4 mm. The modified version of the nutrient medium based on the Murashige and Skug prescriptions with a reduced content of vitamins B1 0.1 mg / l, B6 0.4 mg / l, PP- 0.4 mg / l, and phytohormone 6-BAP - 0.3 mg / l. at the first stage of cultivation of explants of clonal rootstocks for stone fruit crops is optimal. The survival rate of explants in all tested samples of clonal rootstocks on this modified nutrient medium was in the range of 92.5-97.5%
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn peach orchards of the Russian humid subtropics, leaf curl is the most dangerous and harmful disease. Due to the high degree of danger from the peach leaf curl, for the first time in this region the main task was to analyze peach leaf curl development on weather conditions. In order to solve the problem, it is proposed to apply a new innovative intellectual technology: automated system-cognitive analysis (ASK-analysis) and its software tools - the “Eidos” system. In order to build the model, based on our own observations and the experience of Russian and foreign colleagues, it was decided to use the following factors: the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C of the current year (for the period from January to April), the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C of the previous year (for the whole year), the sum of precipitation of the current year (for the period from January to April), the sum of precipitation of the previous year (for the whole year), the number of hours of infection (in the current year). It was established that such factors as the number of hours of infection, the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C in April and during the period from January to April, as well as the sum of precipitation in March and April, are the most important in the dynamics of peach leaf curl development and spread. High rates of leaf curl spread and development are caused by the number of hours of infection in the range of 1440 ... 2064 hours, as well as by low air temperatures in March and April (the sum of temperatures above +4 °C – 89,4-240,4° and 283,7-316,7°, respectively) and high air temperatures - in January and February (the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C – 155,3-259,6° and 243,5-280,1°, respectively)
-
RESULTS OF FEIJOA HYBRIDIZATION IN THE HUMID SUBTROPICS OF KRASNODAR REGION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionFeijoa crop is valuable due to the complex of useful traits (high frost resistance, big yield, ornamental value and long profitable period). These fruits have delicate flavor, nutritional and dietary properties. The fruits are juicy with a pleasant, gentle, refreshing sweet and sour taste, specific strawberry-pineapple flavor and contain significant quantities of important substances for the human body. Pectin (up to 2.5%), sugars (6-14%), proteins, vitamins, organic acids, mineral salts, etc. are among them. However, the challenge of its cultivation is the lack of cultivars and plantations are represented by a mixture of hybrids originated from free pollination, and characterized by a great variety in biological and morphological traits, differing not only in yield, but in size, shape and yield period. In this connection, the breeders faced the objective to create new cultivars of feijoa, using classical and modern breeding methods and available genetic resources for commercial gardening and production. Development of the core hybrid diversity material and selection of promising forms are the most important stages of the breeding process, providing success of further breeding programs. The breeding of varieties and forms for crossings was carried out according to the principle of combining the desirable traits of the obtained offspring. There are direct and reverse crosses in six combinations ('Dachnaya' x 'Superba', 'September' x 'Superba', 'Dagomysskaya' x 'Superba', 'Superba' x 'Dachnaya', 'Superba' x 'September', Superba ; X 'Dachnaya'). The viability of the pollen was evaluated prior to pollination, by germination on a nutrient medium - 1% agar-agar + 15% sucrose. The degree of fertility varied year by year: in 2015 - 60-62%, and in 2016 - 68-77-88%. The best crossing combinations were established 'September' x 'Superba' and the 'Superba' x 'Dagomyskaya for the creation of the hybrid genepool of Feijoa sellowiana. A high percentage of germination of the feijoa seeds was noted in combinations of 'Dagomyskaya' x 'Superba' (74%) and 'Superba' x 'Dagomysskaya' (70%).
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the conditions of middle valley of the Lena River on the cryogenic, inundated, cespitose and chernozemic soils different steppe communities differently react on dietary regime. Herb-grass phytocenosis at organic dietary regime is reformed in cereal phytocenosis with the contents of cereals to 76% and bean types 19% of dry basis with productivity to 20 centner of hectare of dry basis. At the same time the efficiency of the improved phytocenosis was on charge exchange energy of 17,3 mega joule of hectare, feed units 1032 and a crude protein of 247 kilo of hectare. The whetgrasses phytocenosis has provided productivity to 19,4 centner of hectare and the content of perevarimy protein in 1 feed unit up to 118 gram. So the most effective for the steppe meadows is using complex fertilizer (humus of 20 tons of hectare + N60P60K60), increasing the productivity twice with a high quality of food