06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article identifies the value of livestock in the economy of the Bryansk region; we have also given the spatial-temporal analysis state of the industry and identified the key trends in its development over the past 25 years. This work considers the geography of industries and production of major livestock products
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GRAPE VARIETIES OF THE ANAPA AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION AND THEIR USE IN BREEDING WORK
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In the world, huge work is being done to create global information banks of plant genetic resources. The need for conservation and rational use of genetic resources in modern conditions has become very relevant. Genetic collections are the basis for selection work: creating new varieties, replenishing the assortment with new, classic, introduced and native varieties, adapted to the natural (soil and climatic) conditions of the cultivation sites. In the Anapa ampelographic collection, 4911 varieties of various ecogeographical and genetic origin are represented, the use of which provides great opportunities for creating and breeding new varieties, their state testing and zoning. In the gene pool of the ampelographic collection, most varieties of V. vinifera L. grapes are represented by local honeycombs of different regions of the grape culture, and more than one fourth of varieties of V. vinifera L. are obtained from intraspecific crossings. Despite the value of local varieties of grapes, they do not always meet all the requirements of production. Therefore, to improve the local assortment, it is necessary to carry out selection - breeding new varieties of grapes. This article presents the long-term results of the work on the selection of varieties of table and technical directions in the Anapa ampelographic collection used for breeding. Also, the role of the genetic collection in the creation of new generation varieties by combinative selection is shown - as donors for creating new varieties of grapes. Dedicated varieties are the sources of valuable traits, which are given primary importance and are especially important for the viticulture of the Russian Federation
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In order to find compounds that increase sugar beet resistance to the adverse effects of herbicides, a series of naphthalenesulfonamides derivatives have been synthesized. The protective effect of new compounds for the herbicide mixture Betanal, Lontrel and Super Zeleke was studied in field conditions. The effect of pyridylhydrazones on the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments in leaves was investigated. Substances with a high protective effect were found
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The purpose of the study was to examine a century of experience of growing of forest cultures of the Siberian stone pine in forest conditions in the region of the Middle Volga. To achieve these objectives, we have investigated old growth culture of Siberian stone pine in the conditions of fresh oak forests in the territory of Rootka forestry of the Mari El Republic. Culture of Siberian stone pine was planted after continuous tillage. The distance between rows was 2,5 m, step landing – 1,0 m. The site was divided into five options, depending on variations in the width of planting strip (I-48 m, II-44 m, in III-40 m, IV - 36 m, V - 32 m). The studies have shown that the Siberian stone pine trees, regardless of the variant, are characterized by good clean ability from twigs, which increases with decreasing of the width of the curtain. It can be noted that in the 100-year-old age, the average height of trees reaches of 28,7 m, an average diameter of 49,8 cm. Stock of forest reaches 795,3 m3 /ha. Best annual increase is observed in growing cultures of cedar in the wings with a width of 40 m and is 7,95-of 7,93 m3 /ha. Based оn the research, we have concluded that Siberian stone pine should be recommended for introduction into the zone of coniferous-broadleaved forests of the Middle Volga region. When creating crops, it is necessary to use larger seedlings and plant density is not more than 1,0 thousand pieces/ha, and the width of the planting strip shall be not less than 40,0 m.
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Intensification of agriculture during the twentieth century was accompanied by an increase in international trade, resulting in the resettlement of many species across continents. As a result of these processes, many adventives species have become economically significant and dangerous plants in agro and urban biosensors. One such plant is Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., imported from North America to Russia. The use of chemical means of suppression of A. artemisiifolia L. often does not give positive results in agrocenoses, because of its biomorphological features. In urban areas, within the boundaries of sanitary zones, the use of chemicals is prohibited. Therefore, the most promising direction in the suppression of ragweed ambrosia is the ecologies method. The article discusses the possibility of using an ambrosia leaf beetle in the feeding of ragweed in the territory of Russia
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THE EFFECT OF PERLITE USING ON QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE INDICATOR OF SEED GROWTH
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
An experiment has been carried out on the effect of germination of seeds with perlite on the improvement of the growth force of rye Vyatka-2. The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of perlite on the growth force of seeds under the conditions of additional fertilizers and changing the volume water during irrigation. The task of the work was to determinate the growth force of seeds with perlite. The growth force of the seeds was determined after 10 days in sprouted seeds in five samples in glass vessels with three different moisture conditions. It was proved that germination of seeds with perlite increased the seed growth force up to 28% in comparison with seeds grown in sand (a control sample). The result also depended on decreasing of humidity rate up to 30-40%
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The proposed agro technology for the cultivation of soft winter wheat contributes to the reproduction of fertility of leached Chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. As a result of application of fertilizers in the arable layer of soil hydrolytic acidity decreased by 21.8%, humus content increased by 10.3%, mobile phosphorus - by 54.8%, mineral nitrogen by 10.3% and potassium - by 9.6% compared to the control. Studied agricultural technology allowed to increase the yield of winter wheat to 81.8 kg/ha and protein to 15.3 per cent, of gluten, to 27.8%. We have noticed exceeded concentration of mobile phosphorus in the upper soil horizon (1.5 MРС) in the cultivation of wheat after alfalfa, which contributed to reduced grain yield. Under conditions of prolonged application of fertilizers and pesticides reduced the content of mobile forms of trace elements - copper and zinc. The content of mobile forms of Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb and Cd below the limit values of environmental and Toxicological regulations clayey and loamy soils for agricultural purposes. The trend of accumulation of cadmium in the green mass of plants (~ 1.2 MPC) and winter wheat grain up to 1.5 MPC for baby food
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The influence of different agricultural technologies on the yield of winter barley variety ‘Gordei’ was studied. Economic evaluation was given to the researched factors. The studies were carried out at the experimental station of Kuban State Agrarian University in the conditions of polyfactorial long-term soil monitoring. The soil is represented by strongly leached, light-clay black humus with an average thickness of the humus horizon - 150 cm. It was found that with the change of technology (fertilizer, tillage, sowing method, means of protection) winter barley yields increases to 50% in comparison with the control. According to the analysis of bioenergetic and economic evaluation it makes sense to use the variants 022, 111 and 222 at plowing, where the maximum net efficiency ratio and net income are noticed
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MUSTARD PROTEIN-CONTAINING FODDER CONCENTRATE "GORLINKA" USE IN DAIRY COWS’ DIET
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The researches on the mustard protein-containing fodder concentrate "Gorlinka" use were carried out during 2015-2016 in the laboratories of Volgograd state agrarian university, as well as at LLC "Donagrogaz" in the Frolovsky district of the Volgograd region. During the research, the authors studied the new high protein fodder additive influence on the digestibility and feeds absorbency, as well as on the blood morphological and biochemical parameters. During the research, it was established that the used fodder additive has a positive influence on the dynamics of the digestibility coefficients and the nitrogen balance. During the physiological experiment, all the experimental cows had a positive nitrogen balance, in the control group it was 9.8 g (the lowest value), in the second group, it was 12.6 g, and in the first one, it was 12.0. When determining the experimental animals’ blood biochemical and morphological parameters the content of the studied components corresponds to the physiological norms. The average daily milk yield for the analogues from the 1st test group was higher as compared to the control, by 1.01 kg, or 5.1%. The mean daily milk yield of the control group was also lower than for the cows of the 2nd test group by 1.45 kg, or 7.4%
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The researches were carried out with the support of the Federal state budget establishment "The development assistance fund of small forms enterprises in scientific-technical sphere" (Fund for the innovation promotion), contract number 0019671. The fodder additive «Nutovit» in growing chickens feeding application enriched mixed fodder for farm poultry with protein and especially with the amino acid such as lysine. Scientific-economic experiment was carried out at the poultry-farm enterprise of the Volgograd region in 2015-2016. 4 growing chicken groups with 54 heads in each group were selected for the experiment. The growing chickens were selected according to the cross, age, living body weight, health status. The difference in experimental poultries feeding was that in the experimental groups the sunflower oil cake in the feed mixture was replaced by fodder additive "Nutovit". It was established, that the essential amino acids availability and the saturation of fodder additives with vitamins influence positively on: young chickens live weight and average daily growth, the live weight to 120-days age in the second experimental group amounted to 1657 g, and average daily growth was to 12.46 g, which is higher compared to the control group by 4.48 % at 100% poultry livability; blood morphological and biochemical composition: formed elements of blood, namely erythrocytes, in the experimental groups young chickens blood were more in 0.02 to 0.05×1012/l compared with the control one. The researches established that blood leukocytes reduction in growing chickens of the experimental group was little, in 0.04, 0.09, 0.08 ×109 l. Calcium content in growing chickens blood in the control group was 2.6 mmol/L. The experimental group surpassed the control on 0.14-0.21 mmol/L. The phosphorus content in chickens blood in the experimental groups exceeded the control one by 0.08-0.24 mmol/l. In addition, the feeding cost reduction was established due to the fodder additive "Nutovit" use
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