06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
-
DESTRUCTION OF SOIL STRUCTURE WHEN CULTIVATING GRAPES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The ecological state of soil on the globe is unstable. Intensification of agricultural production is accompanied by negative trends in changes in soil fertility. One of the most important indicators of soil fertility is its structural state. With a long time cultivation of grapes in one place, the physical properties of the soil deteriorate. The purpose of our research is to study the process of destruction of soil structure during the cultivation of vineyards. The object of research is the soils of plots of various agricultural uses (vineyards, field crop rotation, forest belts). The research methods used in the work are route-field surveys, a laboratory study of the waterphysical properties of the soil. The article presents the data of the structural-aggregate composition of the soil from plots of various agricultural uses. From the data given, it can be seen that the soil occupied by the vine plantations is characterized by a poor structure and low structure of the arable horizon. The share of agronomically valuable aggregates is 40.4%, the structural coefficient is 0.68 units, while in the forest belt this figure is 5.7 units. The increased mechanical load on the soil during the cultivation of vineyards leads to a deterioration in the physical properties of the soil. Soil with low indicators of physical condition is more susceptible to erosion processes, such as water and wind erosion. Water erosion annually causes great damage to agricultural lands throughout the world. The article clearly demonstrates and scientifically substantiated the negative effect of the system of soil content of vineyards on the type of black steam. Also proposed are ways to reduce the mechanical load on the soil and prevent the development of degradation processes in the soils of vineyards
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In the article there were analyzed the different approaches of Soviet and Russian authors to the assessment of soils regarding to agro-ecological factors. There was given the characteristic of natural-economic zones territorially entering the Azov-Kuban lowland by main soil-climatic indexes. There was considered the valuation of soils which determines their relative value and suitability on main factors of natural fertility or their groups, it serves as a criteria of unification of soils into agro-ecological groups. There were shown the main indexes and order of grouping of soils under unification of different soils into agro-ecological groups. There was calculated the “normative” productivity of main agricultural crops on natural-economic zones of Azov-Kuban lowland which defines the agro-productive value of soil. There were revealed the disadvantages of soil assessment method used in the course of state cadastre valuation of agricultural lands asserted by the order of the Ministry of Economic Development from 20.09.2010 № 445. There were cited the specific rates of cadastre cost (SRCC) of agricultural lands on municipal entities of Krasnodar region. There was given the assessment of obtained data regarding to natural-climatic factors of the region, there were made proposals on optimization of trends of further researches on claimed problem
-
SUPPRESSION OF FIELD THISTLE – CIRSIUM ARVENSE IN SUNFLOWER CROPS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents the results of research in the field of suppression of thistle field Cirsium arvense in sunflower crops under different methods of tillage
-
MATRIX ORGANIZATION OF SOILS OF RICE AGROLANDSCAPES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Acidic properties of the mineral matrix of meadow chernozem and meadow-boggy soils of Krasnodar region are characterized by a total adsorption capacity of ammonia in the range of 32-61 µmol / g. The lowest acidity of the matrix was observed under conditions of permanent rice cultivation for 80 years (32- 33 µmol NH3/g). The mineral matrix of rice soils depends on the meliorative state and the granulometric composition of these soils. At low fields of meadowboggy soils, heavier in granulometric composition, the total acidity of the mineral matrix is 51- 53 µmol NH3/g on high checks of lighter meadow chernozem soils – 34-45 µmol NH3/g. In the upper soil, with a less acidic matrix, the Fe3+ content increases and the amount of Fe2+ decreases. The reverse pattern is found in the lower soil with more pronounced acidic properties of the matrix. A proportional relationship between the humus content and the acidic properties of the mineral matrix is found. The highest yield of rice is formed on meadow chernozem soils with a less acidic mineral matrix
-
ACCELERATED REPROCESSING TECHNOLOGY FOR RECYCLING PIG MANURE INTO ORGANIC FERTILIZER
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article considers the accelerated reprocessing technology for recycling pig manure into organic fertilizer. Today, closely relevant is the matter of environmentally friendly technologies for cattle manure utilization. Export of wastes in its pure form to agricultural land cannot be applied, because disease causing and chemical compound penetrated the soil, entered the groundwater and contaminated many water sources. Experiments for the accelerated reprocessing of the pig manure into organic fertilizer were conducted on the basis of PCF No. 2 of the APC "Maryanskaya" in the Krasnoarmeisky district. With the aim of eliminating the filtering of pollutants in soil and groundwater, the experiment was performed in a concreted area, located within a farm. For the test, we used pig manure of animals, whose age was 2-8 months. The total weight of used manure was 40 t. The accumulation of manure was carried out in containers, containing 4 tons; the total time for the accumulation of necessary amount of manure for 2 months. Comparing the quality of compost obtained by the proposed technology recommended for industrial applications, control, we found differences in the chemical and biological properties. Overall, the conducted experiment has allowed to establish that the best option, given the speed of the flow of chemical and biological processes, demands environmental protection, is composting manure with straw, adding a biological product "Tamir" at the rate of 0.5 l/t. The Obtained results are comparable with data of previous years and indicate the possibility of reducing the quantity of a biological product from 1 to 0.5 l/t of waste without reducing the efficiency of the process of accelerated decomposition of nitrogenous organic compounds
-
CROP YIELD OF WINTER BARLEY GRAIN WITH THE APPLICATION OF VARIOUS GROWING TECHNOLOGIES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The experiment considered the influence of different methods of agricultural technologies on the yield of winter barley in the dependence of the investigated factors. The studies were carried out at the experimental station of Kuban State Agrarian University in the conditions of multifactorial longterm soil monitoring. The experiment was carried out in a typical 11-field grain-grass-tillage crop rotation with the following alternation of crops: alfalfa, alfalfa, winter wheat, winter barley, sugar beet, winter wheat, corn for grain, winter wheat, sunflower, winter wheat, spring barley with sowing of alfalfa. Stationary experience is represented by the following factors: the level of fertility (factor A); fertilizer system (factor B); plant protection system (factor C) and methods of basic soil cultivation (factor D). The relationship between the influence of the soil fertility level, fertilizer norms, plant protection products, the soil cultivation system and yield, and the crop structure of the perspective winter barley variety ‘Gordey’ were determined. The soil is chernozem leached superheavy light-clay with an average thickness of the humus horizon - 150 cm. It is found that fertilizer, soil treatment, seeding method; protective means increase the yield of winter barley and positively influences the elements of the yield structure. The yield increase in comparison with the control changed from 10.4 to 26.8 c / ha. The statistical processing data show that the fertilizer system (35.8%) and soil cultivation (27%) had a certain influence on the number of productive stems; the fertilizer system (44.6%) influenced the spike size, the fertilizer system (28%) and the tillage (32.8%) had influence on the amount of grain in the spike and influenced the mass of grain from the spike
-
EVALUATION OF VERTICAL MATERIAL IN SELECTION TO IMPROVE RICE PRODUCTIVITY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Increasing the productivity of agricultural plants, including rice, is the most important area of breeding. The creation of varieties with vertically leaved architectonics allows to have a qualitative approach not only to the process of formation of a highly productive agrocenosis, but also to solve questions of assessing the productivity of rice. To create highly productive varieties, it is necessary to develop new, more efficient methods of selection
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The fattening of Holstein cattle for more than 90 % provides the beef cattle division of the firm «Agrocomplex» based in the village of Vyselki, the Krasnodar region. The share of the Aberdeen Angus breed is 6.3 % and Charolais at 0.6 %. The reason for insufficient supply with fattening complex of Charolais cattle is a high indicator of severe parturition, postpartum complications, and reduced productive longevity of cows of breeding herds of these breeds. In a "Livestock complex" bulls of breeds of Holstein, Charolais and Aberdeen Angus reach the required values of live weight for the established standards of the breeding time. Charolais have the best indicators of absolute and relative weight gain and the shortest feeding season. The profitability of cattle fattening in CJSC company "Agrocomplex" is low, but the efficiency of the industry is ensured by the presence of its own processing plants. To improve the profitability of beef production it is required to increase the proportion of specialized breeds for meat productivity; to generate the most uniform by age and live weight of the group; identify the cause of the high rate of culling of Charolais cows for postpartum complications and take action to address them
-
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY OF DRAIN AGROLANDSCAPES DEPENDING ON THEIR MELIORATIVE CONDITION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
In the soils of rice fields, eluvial gley processes develop, which are manifested in redistribution of silty particles along the profile, water-soluble humus, mobile compounds of iron and phosphorus. Most intensively, these processes are developed in meadowbog soils, confined to closed depressions of the plains plain. Meadow-black soils lying on elevated relief elements have more favorable physical, physicochemical and oxidation-reduction properties for cultivating rice and accompanying crops in crop rotation. The highest yield of rice is formed on high checks and higher at 12,4 c/ha than on low ones
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
This article discusses the results of the study to determine the impact of different primary tillage and herbicide against weeds in winter wheat agrocenosis. The task of the research was to determine the impact of primary tillage (moldboard plowing and surface treatment) factor A and herbicide (Lancelot) factor B on the agro-physical and agrochemical soil properties. It has been established that the content of productive moisture during the growing period of winter wheat in 0-100 cm of soil layer didn’t depend on the method of tillage. Introduction of herbicide Lancelot boosted the moisture reserves in soil compared to the control type, in the herbicide-free type the weeds absorb the large amounts of moisture. Surface soil treatment did not have negative effects on soil agro-physical properties and its structure in comparison with moldboard plowing. Number of agronomically valuable aggregates on moldboard plowing is 85.2 - 87.5%, on surface one is - 86.2 87.5%. Density of composition and waterproof aggregates under surface treatment didn’t defer to tillage. Accumulation of wet and dry mass by weeds regardless to the way of soil tillage declined to a minimum when introducing the herbicide Lancelot. The high yield of winter wheat was obtained on this type. Mathematical processing results have shown that due to factor A (main soil tillage) to moldboard plowing the average productivity is 57.5 kg/ha, on surface one is 56.0 kg/ha, i.e. the difference between treatments is 1.5 t/ha (with NSR05 on factor - 2.9 t/ha) is insignificant. To factor B (herbicides) on control the productivity is 54.5 kg/ha, introduction of Lancelot increased the productivity to 59.5 t/ha, i.e. the increase was 5.5 kg/ha at NSR05-by the factor B-2.9 t/ha, i.e. is significant. Thus, the present soil treatments had no effect on yield of winter wheat in ordinary black soil. The use of herbicide Lancelot has produced the harvest increase in 0.5 t/ha on average for 2 years
pdf 241.398kb
doc 241.398kb